فهرست مطالب

پژوهش های منطقه ای - سال سوم شماره 9 (پاییز 1394)

فصلنامه پژوهش های منطقه ای
سال سوم شماره 9 (پاییز 1394)

  • بهای روی جلد: 30,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/09/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • حسن رضایی صفحه 7
  • حسن رضایی، اسماعیل رضوانی فر صفحه 11
    بیداری اسلامی و وقوع تحولات اجتماعی در کشورهای عربی از سال 2011 میلادی، نوید بخش تغییرات مثبت به سمت اسلام گرایی بود که در پس آن آینده روشنی برای جهان اسلام پیش بینی می شد. اما مداخلات دولت های بیگانه و بازیگران فرامنطقه ای به همراه ظهور، بروز و قدرت گیری جریان های رادیکال و تکفیری در جهان اسلام، اتفاقاتی را رقم زد که حرکت های اسلامی در منطقه را به چالش کشاند و مانع تحقق بیداری اسلامی به معنای تام آن شد. در این میان جریان های تروریستی تکفیری با حمایت دولت های غربی و برخی کشور های منطقه و شعار «احیای خلافت اسلامی» با قرائت سلفی و انحرافی، حرکت عظیم مسلمانان را برای برون رفت از شرایط قبل نا کام ساخت. این تحولات از سویی جایگاه شیعیان را در معادلات سیاسی و اعتقادی منطقه تحت تاثیر قرار داد و از سوی دیگر سبب شد جریان های تندرو شیعه هم با بهره برداری از شرایط موجود به تقابل شیعه و سنی دامن بزنند. در چنین شرایطی شیعیان از دو سو با چالش های بالقوه و بالفعلی روبرو شدند؛ در درجه اول جریان های تندرو سنی با تکفیر شیعیان به تقابل با این جریان به پا خواستند و در مرتبه بعد جریان های تندرو شیعه، قرائت مبتنی بر آموزه های این مذهب درباره وحدت جهان اسلام را نا دیده گرفتند. این مقاله تلاش می کند به این سوال پاسخ دهد که در سپهر تحولات پنج سال اخیر منطقه خاورمیانه، چه گفتمان هایی را می توان تحلیل نمود و پی آمدهای آن برای شیعیان چه بوده است؟ بی شک تکفیر و تقابل با شیعیان از سوی جریان رادیکال و دامن زدن به اختلافات و تعمیق شکاف در جهان اسلام از سوی جریان های تندرو، مهمترین چالش هایی است که در فرضیه این تحقیق به تحلیل سپرده شده است.
    کلیدواژگان: بیداری اسلامی، شیعیان، جهان اسلام، جریان های تکفیری، افراط گرایی
  • حسن بشارتی راد صفحه 33
    جریان شناسی فکری و معرفتی یکی از مباحث مهمی است که بخش معظمی از ساحت های معرفتی و حوزه های اجتماعی را شامل می شود. مقوله جریان شناسی، هم از جهت محتوا و هم از لحاظ قلمرو جغرافیایی، تنوع قومیتی، گونه گونی فرهنگی و... دامنه ی گسترده ای را پوشش می دهد. از جمله ی اولویت ها در این مقوله، «بازشناسی جریان های فکری معاصر در جهان اسلام» است، مادامی که جریان های موثر و دخیل در عرصه فعالیت ها در سطح بین الملل را به خوبی نشناسیم و ابعاد و زوایای فکری و شیوه عملیاتی آن ها را به درستی تحلیل نکنیم، قادر نخواهیم بود تا در این رقابت موفق عمل کنیم. جریان شناسی فکری، تصویری روشن از قلمروهای معرفتی موجود در جهان اسلام، ترسیم می نماید و زمینه را برای دست یابی به درکی ژرف تر از این قلمروها فراهم می کند و دستیابی به راه کارهای مناسب را در اختیار می گذارد. در این نوشتار، نخست اشاره ای به چیستی و ضرورت جریان شناسی، الزامات و بایسته های پژوهشی آن، ملاک و سنجه ی طبقه بندی جریان های فکری شده است، سپس بستر و خاستگاه شکل گیری جریان های فکری معاصر در جهان اسلام، مورد تحلیل واقع شده است و در پایان ساختار کلی طبقه بندی جریان های موجود در جهان اسلام ارایه شده است.
    کلیدواژگان: جریان شناسی، جهان اسلام، جریان های فکری، جنبش های اسلامی، جریان اسلام گرا، جریان ملی گرا، جریان غرب گرا
  • باقر طالبی دارابی، حمید طالب صفحه 65
  • حسین حیدری مهذب، نصرالله سخاوتی صفحه 91
  • غلامرضا بهروزی لک، سید سعید هاشمی نسب صفحه 113
  • یعقوب توکلی، محسن محمدی صفحه 143
|
  • Hasan Rezaei, Esmaeil Rezvanifar Page 11
    Islamic awakening and social developments in Arabic countries since 2011, were promising positive changes towards Islamism, that was predicted a bright future for the Muslim world. But the intervention of foreign governments and trans-regional actors along with the emergence and empowerment of radical and takfiri groups in the Muslim world, challenged the Islamic movements in the region And prevented the realization of Islamic awakening. Meanwhile takfiri terrorist groups frustrated the massive movement of Muslims to staying out of the situations, backed by Western governments and some countries in the region and by the slogan "revival of the Islamic Caliphate 'with the Salafist and diversion reading. This changes from one side affected position of Shiites in the political and religious equation of the region and On the other hand caused the Extremist Shiite groups fomented the conflict between Sunnis and Shiites by exploiting current situation. In such circumstances, the Shiites were faced with actual and potential challenges of both sides; first the Extremist Sunnis groups confronted with this group by the excommunication of Shias, And the second, Extremist Shiite groups ignored reading based on the teachings of this religion about the unity of the Muslim world. This article tries to answer the question that which discourses can be analyzed during the last five years changes in the Middle East and what were its implications for the Shiites? Certainly Takfir and confrontation with Shiites from the radical movement and foment discord and deepen the divide in the Muslim world from the Extremist groups, are the main challenges that were analyzed in the hypothesis of this study.
    Keywords: Islamic Awakening, the Shiite of Muslim world, takfiri groups, extremists
  • Hasan Besharati Rad Page 33
    Intellectual and epistemic processology is one of the important issues that is included a large part of epistemic topics and social domains. processology, cover a wide range in terms of content and in terms of geographical domain, ethnic diversity, cultural diversity and.. . Among the top priorities in this regard is, "Recognizing the Contemporary intellectual currents in the Muslim world",, While we don’t know as well the active currents for operation at international level and do not analyze their intellectual angles and dimensions and mode of operation properly, we will not be able to succeed in this competition. Intellectual processology delineates a clear picture of the epistemic domains in the Islamic world, and provides situations to achieve a deeper understanding of these areas and provides access to suitable methods. In this article, at first the nature and necessity of processology, and its requirements and criteria and measures of intellectual currents classification are mentioned Then the context and the origin of the formation of the contemporary intellectual currents in the Muslim world, has been analyzed, And at the end the structure of classification of currents in the Islamic world is presented.
    Keywords: processology, the Muslim world, intellectual currents, Islamic movements, Islamist current, nationalist currents, pro, Western current
  • Bagher Talebi Darabi, Hamid Taleb Page 65
    After the changes in Arabic countries in 2011, conflict between Islamist and secular demands over how the government is understandable? In this regard there are two major approaches: (1) in principle, in the "essence of Islam", dual religion and state, secular and religious, makes no sense and this "meaningless categories" entered by imitating Arab elites from the concept of secularism of West. (2) Secularization is rooted in the "global developments of modernism" and is inevitable in the grassroots level of Arabic countries. In this paper, after the investigating the concept of secularism in Western and Arabic countries, up those two views about Islamism and secularism have been investigated, by using meta-analysis. Then, using public polls from Arabic countries associated with good governance (religious or secular), is offered practical criterion for judgment in connection with this dual. Under these criteria, is presented a new definition of Islamism. In this view, the success or failure of any of the Islamist or secular governments in governance is considered as a benchmark to analyze the dual.
    Keywords: Islamism, secularism, Secularization, the Arabic spring, clash of civilizations, multiple Modernity
  • Hosein Hheydari Mohazzab, Nasrollah Sekhawati Page 91
    In this study, was investigated the beginning of Wahhabism movement and their intellectual backgrounds by the descriptive-analytical and library research method, And the dependence of this current to one of the early Islamic current in the name of Umayyad was proved based on the result of research done and reputable symptoms , Then the concept of Indulgence that is aggression of mediocrity was expressed and two definition of extremism was presented, Then, six sign of extremism were considered, And Eight reasons of extremists and Takfiri Wahhabism were discussed : Wahhabism adherence to Umayyad current , their ignorance to the fundamental principles, provisions and objectives of Islam, pay attention to part of the religion resources and disregard to another, incorrect interpretation of Islamic texts, the inability to create a balance between Polarized attitudes and .
    Keywords: Indulgence, extremism, Wahhabism, Ibn Taymiyyah, Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab, current of Umayyad, Muawiya, Marwan
  • Gholam Reza Behroozi Lak, Saeid Hasheminasab Page 113
    Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, which is called "Isis" could dominate to parts of Iraq and Syria with the slogan of "formation of an Islamic caliphate" and attracting young forces from around the world and unprecedented violence. And ISIS could firm the foundations of His desired Islamic caliphate. And Isis could take oath of allegiance of other Takfiri groups in the Muslim world by the strategic competitive and by changing their basic strategies. In this regard the question arises that 'what are the contexts and the factors influencing the growth of Isis in the Muslim world and what is the best strategy for dealing with it? ". This article by the centrality of this question and descriptive and analytical method tries to examines this hypothesis that "ISIS is working to achieve their political goal which is to establish their desired Islamic caliphate, in the context of the decentralization policy of Takfiri groups derived from United States of America attacking to Afghanistan, And suitable conditions of Sunni countries in terms of government inefficiency, Insecurity, growing Shiite community, the crisis political theory and with the direct and indirect help of The hegemonic system And by using the most advanced technology with professional staff for the most horrific massacres and hard killing. Facing ISIS According to the right conditions in the Arabic countries and the international community need the international consensus to regulate the public sphere and the political sphere of these countries till In parallel dealing directly with ISIS, the contexts and the growth factor of Takfiri groups were controlled and corrected. "
    Keywords: growth of daesh, Iraq, Syria, Coping Strategies
  • Jacob Tavakoli, Mohsen Mohammadi Page 143
    Islamic movements in the years 2010-2012 by essence of antiauthoritarian and anti-colonial attracted a lot of thinker's attention. These movements had different socio-political consequences in the Muslim world. In this article we try to say the consequences of Islamic awakening in the Muslim world by reviewing the situation of the Muslim world at the time of movement. Islamic Awakening due to the massive presence of people, strengthened social cohesion in Muslim countries and also in the Islamic international arena strengthened the idea of the Islamic Ummah due to religious dimensions of these movements. The revolutionaries had slogans and religious goals so Islamic awakening also led to strength of religious orientation. An important part of these revolutions was against the autocratic rulers that were the West supporter. Therefore Islamic awakening increased Anti-West orientations, especially that hostile behavior of West to the Muslim world was the causes of Islamic Awakening. Because the Islamic Revolution was the early and successful model of Islamic movements it was considered by the revolutionaries of other countries Thus the Islamic awakening has increased attention to the Islamic Revolution. Islamic Awakening also attracted attention of Muslims to the issue of Palestinian; an issue that procrastination of Muslims about it was the beginning of many problems. While the Islamic awakening can be analyzed as a threat to Israel.
    Keywords: Islamic Awakening, Islamic Revolution, the West, Palestine, religious identity, the Islamic Ummah