Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Winter 2015

Resilience is the personal ability to adapt successfully with unpleasant situations and maintain or regain bio-psychological well-being. Resilience could be promoted through Self-management educational programs. In this study, we tried to investigate if self-management education could improve resilience in diabetic patients.
The current study was a semi experimental trial. All patients were diagnosed with diabetes type 2. Intervention was the self-management education program. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), post prandial (2hpp) and resilience score were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. T-test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for comparison between two groups.
Although two groups had no significant difference in FBS, 2hpp and resilience score mean values initially, significant decreases occurred in all variables in intervention group in comparison the control group at the end of the study (P-value:0.005; self-management education can effectively improve resilience in diabetic patients.

Serum Leptin concentration reflects the body fat mass. There is controversial reports about the insulin effect on serum Leptin concentration. We wanted to examine the effect of insulin therapy on serum Leptin in children with new onset type I diabetes.
This was a Cross-Sectional study in Children's Medical Center on 34 children who had new onset type I diabetes. Serum Leptin level was measured at presentation, as a baseline before initiation of insulin therapy, three to five days and after three months of beginning of insulin therapy. The linear regression by SPSSv.16 used for analysis.
There was a meaningful difference between the baseline level of Leptin and 3th-5th day. (P=0.00). The dosage of insulin was the most important factor affecting the Leptin levels after three months of treatment (P=0.006). In third months of follow up, sex and insulin dosage were the variables that effected on Leptin level. (P=0.003).
The results of our study showed that children with new-onset type I diabetes have low Leptin level before insulin therapy which increased in 3-5 days after treatment. We concluded that the acute insulin therapy alters the Leptin secretion/ action.

The risk of cardiac death in diabetic patients is 3 times more than non-diabetics. But it is not determined who need cardiac screening. About 41% of diabetic patients with silent ischemia are missed. the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankel brachial index are two independent,simple and non invasive method in vascular complications diagnosis in diabetic patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the assosiation of CIMT and ABI in prediction of silent myocardial ischemia in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in Asymtomatic diabetic papulation.
This was an analytic cross-sectional study. The convenient sampling was used. About 114 patients with diabetics and no history and symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD) were included. Myocardial perfusion scan (MPI), CIMT and ABI were done. All of statistical analysis was done by SPSS-20.
Totally114 diabetic patients without cronary artery disease symptoms were included .About 66.7% were female. The mean age of patients was 53.8± 8.6 years old. About 50% (57) of patients were normal. The mean of CIMT was 0.93 ± 0.21 and mean ABI was 0.97 ± 0.11. Regarding the anlysis of variance (ANOVA) there were significant differences of mean CIMT and ABI between normal and moderate to severe ischemia in MPI.
Our findings showed that CIMT and ABI is significantly different between patients with and without ischemia. The CIMT and ABI are simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive tests that may be used to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (diabetic patients).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease affecting different tissues. Hyperglycemia due to DM can lead to degenerative changes in spinal tissue. Also low data have examined the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in lumbar spinal canal stenosis individuals. Therefore the purpose of this study was determining the frequency of DM in lumbar spinal canal stenosis patients.
A cross-sectional study on 119 lumbar spinal canal stenosis patients, since September 2014 till February 2015 from the department of neurosurgery in Rahnamoon hospital of Yazd, Iran was done. After gathering of demographic data, these subjects divided in two groups based on present or absent of DM. The latest criteria established by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were used to diagnose DM patients.
The frequency of DM among lumbar spinal canal stenosis patients was 22.7 %. The frequency of DM was higher in women than men that there was significant difference in the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (P=0.002). Also the mean age of diabetic patients was higher than non-diabetic patients (P=0.036). Diabetes was more prevalent in patients older than 50 years old.
According to our findings, the frequency of DM among lumbar spinal canal stenosis patients was high that may be a probably predisposing factor for the development of significant lumbar disc disease in this region. Also other factors may help to develop lumbar spinal stenosis.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the world and it is one of the liver transplantation causes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Purslane seeds on anthropometric parameters, fasting blood glucose (FBS), and liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty livers.
in this clinical trial, 54 patients with fatty livers were participated and randomly divided into two groups: the 1st group received 10 grams of purslane seeds per day along with a weight loss diet and the 2nd (control) group were only engaged in a weight loss diet. At the beginning and at the end of the 8th week of intervention, anthropometric parameters, FBS, liver enzymes and liver sonography were studied in both groups.
After the intervention, significant reductions in weight, waist and hip circumference (P=0.01) were observed in both groups, but only the changes in hip circumference were significant between the two groups (P=0.01). Body mass index significantly reduced only in the purslane group (P This study showed that consumption of purslane seeds besides the diet for 8 weeks have beneficial effects on anthropometric parameters, FBS, liver enzymes and liver steatosis. Purslane consumption significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Liver steatosis decreased in the purslane group more than control group.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease. It may cause poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with psoriasis to clarify the relationship between insulin resistance and psoriasis.
This case-control study was conducted on 110 patients with psoriasis and 110 healthy people. Fasting serum glucose and serum insulin levels were measured in both groups. The mean fasting serum glucose and serum insulin levels were measured in patients and controls and the prevalence of diabetes was calculated in both groups. Insulin resistance index was calculated with HOMA-IR formula.
The mean fasting blood sugar was 106 mg/dl in patient group and 103.93 in the control group. The mean serum levels of insulin in the patient group was 10.27 (P-value: 0.679) and in the control group was 8.22 (P-value: 0.107). In psoriatic patients, 11 were diabetic (10%) and 13 (11.8%) in healthy group. Insulin resistance was found in 46.4% of patients (P-value: 0.665) and 39.1% of controls (P-value: 0.276).
According to the recent study there was no association between psoriasis and insulin resistance and also diabetes.

Atherosclerosis disease, inflammation and malnutrition have strong association with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most commonly ESRD causes. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) could be associated with inflammation. Type 2 diabetic patients with advanced nephropathy show the highest levels of inflammatory markers. This study was designed to determine the association between malnutrition–inflammation–atherosclerosis (MIA complex) in Diabetic patients with peritoneal dialysis.
Fifty seven diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis were investigated and demographic variables (age, gender, BMI and dialysis duration), Inflammatory markers (cholesterol, Albumin and CRP) were measured in routine protocol. CIMT (Carotid Intima-Media Thickness) and plaque number were evaluated by B-Mode ultrasonography (7.5 -10 MHZ probe) in supine position.
the mean age (Standard deviation) of patients was 51±17.3 years. The mean time on dialysis was 26.12 ±25.42 (range 4–120) months. The mean of IMT was 5.98±1.17 mm and mean of plaques were 1.80±2.01. Results of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that older patients have more carotid plaques (P-Value= 0.000). There was a significant relation between serum albumin and number of plaques (P-Value=0.043). CIMT and number of plaque revealed significant correlation with age, serum albumin and dialysis duration (P Our findings showed, in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis, carotid atherosclerosis (CIMT and Number of plaque) is associated with some inflammation, malnutrition markers.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β cell. In 2007, 246 million people (roughly 6%) were affected by diabetes worldwide and it is estimated that this will increase to 380 million in 2025. Diabetes is associated with several long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and some oral complications. In addition, Diabetes mellitus causes an increased risk of morbidity because of infection disease. It seems that, the increased frequency of infections associated with Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) deficiency in these patients. Therefore a low IgA secretion rate is suspected to be one of these mechanisms. Moreover, it shows a main antiviral activity by neutralizing toxins and viruses. It by inhibiting the attachment and replication of pathogenic microorganisms prevents colonization of these pathogens.Therefore, it acts as a first line of defense against pathogens and early detection of immunoglobulin A deficiency in diabetic patients can prevent the vicious cycle of recurrent infections and reduces risk for morbidity and metabolic decompensation. Moreover, the Salivary-IgA is the widespread immunoglobulin in mixed saliva and is assumed to be an important factor for adaptive immunity in the oral cavity. Therefore, according to these studies, Immunoglobulin A, its mechanism, IgA deficiency and diabetes and its relation with oral complications are explained in this paper.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a complex disease is the result of genetically heterogeneous factors and environmental issues interaction. Linkage and small-scale candidate gene studies were successful in identification of genetic susceptibilities of monogenic form of diseases. However, they were largely unsuccessful while applying to the more common forms of disease. By designing Genome Wide Association studies (GWAs), the new windows open to genetic approaches. So far, around 153 variant were discovered for T2D and missing rare variants are waiting to be discovered. The new findings are beneficial to explain molecular signaling and pathways responsible for pathophysiology of T2D, which offered opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic and preventive tactics. The GWAs findings need to be confirmed in on going researches. In this review, we address, genetic susceptibilities related to T2D since 2007. Also challenge advantages and disadvantages of GWAs and discuss about the next confirmatory approaches need to be done.