Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Winter 2016

The present this study aimed to determine the proper cut-off points for waist circumference (WC), Waist to height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) for early predicting of metabolic syndrome among inactive college students.
In this cross-sectional study, 126 males (age 20.33±1.71) and 63 females (age 20.36±1.72) with inactive lifestyle participated. Based on the metabolic risk factors, the participants were assigned to group 1 (one risk factor and less) or group 2 (two risk factors and more) separately. Data were obtained using a questionnaire, anthropometric and physical fitness (VO2max) measurements and blood sampling. Independent t-tests was used to show between-group differences according to the numbers of risk factors, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between obesity indices and metabolic risk factors, and the ROC curves was used to estimate the power of predicting and to determine the cut-off points for metabolic syndrome’s risk factors.
Significant correlation between obesity indices and metabolic risk factors (Except blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in males) were observed. As the number of metabolic risk factors increased, the significant elevation of obesity indices in both genders were observed. All obesity indices were within normal range except fat percentage. Cut-off points for BMI, WC and the WHtR, were 21.19, 20.84 and 77.75, 0.46 and 75.50, 0.48 for males and females respectively.
The best predictive indices and cutoff points for susceptibility to metabolic syndrome were: in males, 77.75 for WC and in females, 21.19 for BMI. It should be noted that in the present study, two or more factors were considered to determine the cut-off points to diagnose susceptible individuals.

The current study was conducted to compare the effect of 150,000 and 300,000 IU of vitamin D on the healing status of diabetic foot ulcer among the patients with diabetes.
This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 47 patients with diabetic foot ulcer and vitamin deficiency during four weeks follow-up. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups; group G150 was administered 150000 IU of vitamin D and group G300 was administered 300000 IU of vitamin D. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ulcer area, fasting blood sugar (FBS), c-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in both groups before and after intervention.
Serum vitamin D level in both groups was significantly increased compared to the baseline (P The findings showed administration of 150,000 and 300,000 IU of vitamin D improved the ulcer and vitamin D status and reduced ESR, CRP, WBC and FBS in the patients with diabetic foot ulcer. In addition, the 300,000 IU of vitamin D was significantly more effective than 150,000 IU.

There are association between oxidative stress and incidence of some chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Food containing antioxidant compounds, such as some spices, are the natural ways to deal with oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria L) on the glycemic profile in patients with T2DM.
In this experimental study, 60 T2DM patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 2 packs of 3 grams sumac powder once a day for 3 months in two bowls of low-fat yoghurt for lunch and dinner and the control group received two bowls of low-fat sumac-free yoghurt for lunch and dinner. Data collection was performed by a checklist at the beginning and end of the study and blood samples were collected. Data were analyzed using paired T-test and independent t-test. The significance level was considered at P In this study, the fasting serum insulin levels decreased in the intervention group. But the mean changes of variables were not statistically significant between two groups. There was also no difference in other factors between the beginning and end of the study.
This study showed that daily intake of 6 grams sumac powder for three months had no significant effect on the glycemic profile (fasting blood sugar and 2-hours post-prandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1C) and serum insulin levels of diabetic patients.

Retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes in the retina. It is hypothesized the aqueous flow decrease in patients with retinopathy which effects the Intra-ocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study is to determine whether a significant correlation exists between IOP and diabetic retinopathy grades.
Our study is analytic cross sectional. About 413 type 2 diabetic patients were studied. They were between 40 to 70 years and did not have glaucoma. They were examined in the ophthalmologist’s clinic and grading of retinopathy was done. IOP was recorded in each cases. Data was then analyzed in SPSS.
Of the 413 type 2 diabetic patients, 329 were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and 84 without diabetic retinopathy. There was no significant difference between the mean IOP of patients with diabetic retinopathy and without diabetic retinopathy (P-value=0.53). Also there was no significant difference between the diabetic retinopathy grades. (P-value=0.07).
In conclusion, our findings showed that there was no a significant correlation between IOP and grade of diabetic retinopathy.

High intensity interval training (HIIT) and continues aerobic training have cardio-protective effects in diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of HIIT and continues aerobic training (CAT) on MIR29A and collagen I gene expression in heart of diabetic male rats.
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 18 male diabetic rats were studied. They were divided into 3 groups as HIIT, CAT and control group. Exercise protocol was performed 5 days/week for 5 weeks. The MIR29A and collagen I synthesis were compared between the groups.
Findings showed MIR29A expression is statistically higher in HIIT and CAT group than control group (P-value The results of this study demonstrated that, HIIT increases MIR29A expression which is along with reduction in collagen I synthesis in cardiac muscles increases the risk of myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats.

Blood group as a genetic trail can be associated with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research was to determine the distribution of ABO frequency and RH blood groups in type 2 diabetic patients referred to Yazd diabetes center.
In this research 1502 type 2 diabetes patients of Yazd diabetes center were selected and checked for blood group ,age, sex, duration of diabetes, nephropathy, retinopathy ,diabetes control and familial history of diabetes. Data were analyzed on SPSS-21.
From 1502 patients participated in this study 995 were male (66.2%) and 507 female (33.8%). The mean age (standard deviation) of patients was 52±10.46. About 541 participants (36%) had O blood group, 431 (28%) A, 379 (25%) B, and 150 (10%) AB. About 90.8% patients were RH. The most frequency was observed in blood group O (30.9%) and the patients with blood group of AB- had the lowest frequency (0.5%) among patients. The various blood groups were not different in following subgroups; Familial History (P=0.6), diabetes duration (P=0.32), retinopathy (P=0.64), nephropathy (P=0.69), and hypertension (P=0.33). But HbA1c The blood group O was the most frequent and AB- was the least frequent among blood groups in this study .But for evaluation of relationship between blood group and diabetes the prospective studies are suggested.

It was reported exercise and herbal medicine can possess synergistic effects to control of diabetes complications. The purpose of the present study was investigation of the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and taking curcumin supplement on activity levels of GPX and MDA of heart tissue in diabetic rats.
Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided to four groups of curcumin, training-placebo, training-curcumin, and control. The subjects had being trained to perform HIIT on treadmill and in the fashion of increasing manner. Diabetes was induced via injection of 50 (ml/Kg rat weight) STZ. Fifty (ml/kg rat weight) curcumin had being nourished to the animals of the curcumin groups, by using the gavage technique, during a period of eight weeks (five days a week). The rats were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, 24 hours after the intervention. Then, heart tissues were separated from bodies of the rats to examine changes in GPX and MDA enzymes.
Activity levels of GPX enzyme of the three groups of curcumin, training-placebo, and training-curcumin increased significantly than correspondent levels of the control group. Activity levels of MDA enzyme of the three groups of curcumin, training-placebo, and training-curcumin decreased significantly than correspondent levels of the control group. Though, no significant difference was observed between those first three groups (P-value≤0.05).
The findings indicated that either HIIT or taking curcumin supplement or combination of both could solely contribute significant enhancement to activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing of Oxidative enzymes within heart tissues of diabetic mice. Although, those two interventions would not strengthen the influences of each other in decrease of MDA but they would strengthen the influences of each other in increasing of GPX.

Retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes and leading cause of blindness throughout the world. The proteins as the most chemical substances in the cells are exposed to oxidative damages of free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the values of protein oxidation biomarkers in diabetic patients with retinopathy.
This study was done on 30 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy as cases and 30 age and sex matched type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy as controls. We measured HbA1c by Ion exchange chromatography and fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine, HDL and LDL, protein plasma carbonyls (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPS), SH groups and TAC by spectrophotometry in case and control groups and compared them. Urine micro albumin was measured in both groups and compared.
the mean of HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL-C, creatinine, PCO and AOPPS were significantly higher in cases (P-value The oxidative stress in diabetic patients with retinopathy caused elevation of protein oxidation and increased progress of diabetic disorders especially eye disorders.