Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Autumn 2017

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries is the most significant cause of disability and mortality worldwide and the most efficient physiological process reducing the risk of this disease is RCT. ABCG8 plays a crucial role in the reverse transfer of cholesterol from macrophages to the liver. The aim of this study is to study the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on the atherogenic ratio and the ABCG8 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells globules in women with overweight.
The statistical populations were overweight women in Mashhad who were referred to gyms. Among the eligible population, 30 women were included and divided randomly into two groups of exercise and control. Aerobic exercise sessions were three times a week. A blood sample was taken from all cases 48 hours before the first exercise session and 24 hours after the last exercise session. After the separation of mononuclear blood globules, the gene expression was studied via RT-PCR and the atherogenic ratio was measured by special kits.
The data demonstrated that exercise has a significant effect on the increase of ABCG8 gene expression in PBMC globules (P-value:0.001, t=5.40), and on the decrease of atherogenic ratio (P-value:0.01, t=-2.86).
Based on the findings of the present study, eight weeks of aerobic exercise could lead to an increase in ABCG8 gene in overweight women and improve the function of reverse cholesterol transportation.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases which can lead to cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of swimming training with cinnamon extract on hematological factors in diabetic rats.
60 diabetic rats selected and divided into six group of: (1) control, (2) swimming training, (3) 60mg / kg of cinnamon, (4) 40 mg / kg of cinnamon, (5) swimming training with 60mg / kg cinnamon and (6) swimming training with 40 mg / kg cinnamon. Groups 2, 5 and 6 (five sessions per week for eight weeks) swam for 10 minutes and 30 minutes in the first two weeks and in the remaining six weeks respectively. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received the prescribed amount of cinnamon extract daily. For statistical analysis of data used one way analysis variance and Tukey post hoc test (P≤ 0.05).
Swimming training, 40 and 60 mg/kg cinnamon extract, swimming training with 40 and 60 mg/kg cinnamon extract have significant effect on reduction of HbA1c (P-value:0.001) and have no significant effect on WBC (P-value:0.28), RBC (P-value:0.66) and platelets (P-value:0.07) in diabetic rats and 60 mg/kg cinnamon extract is more effective than 40 mg/kg cinnamon extract (P-value:0.001) and swimming training (P-value:0.007) in reduction of HbA1c in diabetic rats.
Swimming training and cinnamon extract can improve HbA1c in diabetic rats.

Although type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial illness, one of the major risk factors is the prevalence of obesity.In this context, recent genetic studies on diabetics or pre-diabetics, have shown that some of the newly-known genes make the conditions for type 2 diabetes even in the absence of obesity. One of these genes is called mTORC1, which plays an important role in the synthesis of beta cells. This study examined the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on the mTORC1 expression, glucose, serum insulin and beta-cell function on diabetic male Wistar rats
To evaluate the effect of exercise activities on expression of this gene, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic training group. The two groups of diabetic control and exercise were diabetic with nicotinamide and streptozotocin injecting, and the training group participated in aerobic training on a treadmill for 12 weeks.
The results of the study showed that expression of mTORC1 gene increased significantly after 12 weeks of aerobic training, which resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose concentration and increased beta cell function.
Regarding the results of this research and previous studies, the participation in sport exercises, and especially aerobic exercises, increased the expression of mTORC1 gene, increased the synthesis of beta cells, and ultimately control and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Female metabolism is highly responding towards diet associated changes. Monosodium glutamate is a popular flavor enhancer, which is widely used to develop umami taste. Young female generation nowadays deals with more issues related to metabolism and fertility. Present study is an effort to monitor the effect of monosodium glutamate oral consumption on female mice health and obesity.
Adult female Swiss albino mice Mus musculus were divided into two groups named control and treatment. Treated group received 4 gm/kg body weight/day dose of monosodium glutamate dissolved in double distilled water by oral gavage. Control group received only double distilled water. After the completion of experiment, lee index was calculated to determine the induced level of obesity.
Present study states that lee index of monosodium glutamate treated mice were significantly higher than control mice. This increment of lee index indicates that monosodium glutamate is contributing factor for induction of obesity in female mice.
Obesity is the main cause of metabolic syndrome, which comes with many associated feminine health issues. Our findings strongly discourage prolonged consumption of high doses of monosodium glutamate to avoid obese young female population.

Diabetes mellitus is an important cause of heart failure deployment of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Nuclear cardiology phase analysis is an accurate, repeatable and reproducible modality for measurement LV dyssynchrony .The aim of study was assessment of phase analysis parameter including Standard deviation (SD) and band width (BW) in diabetic patient with normal MPI comparing with low risk population for CHD.
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed in clinical research development unit of Farshchian heart center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. We evaluated 165 patients who underwent SPECT MPI. Study population were 90 diabetic patients with normal MPI (sss The study results revealed no statistically significant differences in standard deviation (SD) and histogram band width (BW) of the phase analysis between diabetic patients and control group. Furthermore, in diabetic patient LVEF have a negative significant correlation to BW (r=-0.510) and SD (r=-0.422) but in control group there was no significant Pearson correlation is noticed.
Between diabetic patients and low likelihood person for CHD with normal MPI phase analysis parameter (BW and SD) shows no significant difference.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition becoming a worldwide health problem as a result of sedentary life style, obesity and some other risk factors. It is hypothesized that one of the barriers to achieve a proper control in diabetic patients is lack of sufficient knowledge about their disease. In this study we evaluated the knowledge and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes.
From February 2015 to August 2016, two hundred and thirty five patients with type 2 diabetes were included in a cross-sectional study and their knowledge and practice were assessed using a questionnaire validated in Iran. All samples were interviewed exclusively by one physician. Data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed and compared to their mean HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid profile. The scores were also analyzed in different subgroups.
The mean age of patients was 56.34; mean total score of patients was 13.34 out of possible 26 in which 5.24 (out of 11) were knowledge scores and 8.10 (out of 15) were practice scores. Knowledge score was significantly higher in women and highly educated people; but there were no significant relationships between score and duration of diabetes, mean HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid profile.
Most of patients with type 2 diabetes did not have an adequate level of knowledge about the disease. Their practice seems to have lacks in some aspects as well. Therefore actions should be taken to rectify these deficits and decrease the disease complications.

The treatment of obesity besides weight loss will have numerous psychological effects. The obese patients have different body image, poor hope and quality of life that influence the process of their treatment. The aim of this study was to compare body image, quality of life and hope in obese women with diet therapy and obese women who are not under diet therapy.
The analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 180 obese women in Kerman during 2016, by convenient sampling. In this study 90 obese women were under obesity treatment regimen in Nutrition centers of Kerman and 90 obese women who were not under obesity treatment regimen. The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (1991) with a reliability of 86.0 and life expectancy Schneider (1991) with a reliability of 81.0 was used.
The mean score of body image differences between two studied groups were statistically significant (P-value:0.001). The value of T differences between the quality of life of two studied groups was 2.25 (P-value:0.001) and was significant with 99% confidence interval.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between body image of obese women receiving diet therapy and obese women who did not receive diet therapy. In other words, obese women receiving diet therapy had more positive body image; although body image scores of both groups showed that they are not satisfied with their body image.

Orthosis and prosthesis is an expert knowledge in medical field including the design, fabrication and utilizing of orthosis and prosthesis. An orthosis is a device made of different types of material (plastic, aluminum, foam, leather, etc.) used externally on body segments to modify the structural or functional characteristics of musculoskeletal system to objectives such as: reducing pain, restriction or movements and redistribution of abnormal weight bearing pattern. Poor shoes fitting or abnormal friction may not be considered due to loss of senses in neuropathic diabetic patient. Untreating micro injuries may lead to ulceration and possibly even partial foot amputation. Deformities such as b:union:s, hammer toes, Charcot joint and also muscle weakness reported as secondary complications of neuropathy. It is suggested that in sub-acute stages of neuropathy with complication such as: Charcot joint, insensitive feet or muscles, orthotic prescription can be useful. The aim of this review was to assess the usefulness of therapeutic diabetic footwear (shoes) and insoles in treating diabetic foot.