فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning
Volume:27 Issue: 1, Jun 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/06/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • M. Khakzand, F. Atighehchi, S. P. Yasini Page 1
    In today’s mechanized world, the need for a patient-friendly attitude in the hospitals and its psychological effects on the recovery time of patients has been proven. Considering the special pre and post-partum conditions of a pregnant woman, together with the fact that the mother and child cannot be treated as a patient case, makes these psychological effects more critical in this research, the mental state of pregnant women in association with the social support they receive, and its role on their stay and recovery, was investigated. The effect of maternity unit architectural design on the quality of the patient social interactions with visitors, medical board, and other patients has been investigated by conducting a survey in maternity units of Tehran’s General Hospitals. It was found that the establishment of social communications with visitors, hospital staff, and other patients had significantly positive psychological effects on patients. Not only the mental health status of patients was improved, also their recovery time was reduced. This was concluded that the design of healthcare centers should provide maternity unit’s patients effective communication opportunities by providing an appropriate space for patients companies, family members, and visitors.
    Keywords: Social Factor, Maternity Ward, Effective communication, Tehran's General Hospitals
  • A. Danaeinia, S. S. Korsavi Page 9
    Little has been written about the structural behavior of conical shells, while conical shells’ construction techniques due to the high rise and small span has always required special attention throughout the history of Islamic architecture. This paper aims to examine how conical shells bear weight loads and resist against bending through a qualitative analysis. After proving that ‘rise/span’ ratio affects weight loads and bending in external shells greatly, the main question of the paper is “what construction techniques architects adopted to carry weight loads, and how these techniques differed in domes with various ‘rise/span’ ratios”. To find out about paper’s main question, architectural maps and dimensions of six cases were documented, according to which some ratios and parameters have been defined to find out their probable correlation with ‘rise/span’ ratio.
    Results show that to restrain weight loads in external shell, design of stiffeners and thickness of the conical shell play a crucial role to keep structure balanced. According to the results, ‘rise/span’ ratio has a positive correlation with ‘thickness/span’, ‘height of stiffeners/span’, ‘stiffeners’ sectional area/span’ and ‘gradual decrease of thickness’. In contrast, ‘Rise/span’ ratio does not have any meaningful relationship with ‘stiffeners’ end point’ and “the number of flat plains”.
    Keywords: Conical Shells, Weight Loads, Bending, Stiffeners, Rise, Span Ratio
  • M. Shafaei Page 19
    As recent researches show, creativity is very important in art, technology, science, education, management and etc. Also, preschool ages are a golden time for developing motor creativity. So, it‘s necessary to enhance creativity of preschoolers. Many scholars have studied cognitional-emotional aspects of creativity, some have focused on the creativity process and creativity techniques. But, the relation between creativity and physical environment have been rarely studied. The goal of this research, is exploring design patterns which may help architects to design suitable spaces to enhance kids’ creativity. This study is a survey of kindergarten mentors, architects, psychologist and preschoolers. Factor analysis showed the effective variables (factors) on the research that were known and labeled. Creativity variables were imagination, curiosity and cooperative play. The variables of physical environment were flexibility and variety. To find the relation between three creativity variables and two architecture variables, the path analysis method was used. The correlation of creativity variables and architectural ones was significantly positive. Then, 72 architects and psychologists were tested with an open end test. Design patterns were extracted from architects and psychologists suggestions. The results were discussed in a session with 20 children to explore kids taste about them. The outcome was design patterns for kids’ spaces.
    Keywords: Design Patterns, Kid's Space, Enhancing Creativity
  • M. Maleki, S. M. Mofidi Shemirani, A. Heidari Page 29
    Using the results of the assessment of desirability from the viewpoint of employees and the computer analysis of space syntax, the desirability factors of office space arrangement have been analyzed in the present study. To do the research, firstly a pictorial questionnaire was distributed among 113 employees in two offices of Tabriz city. Then, most of the participants were interviewed to obtain the desirable sitting places in the room (considering the position of the door of room, the angle of the sitting and the position of the desk of colleague). Next, using the space syntax indices and applying the space syntax software, the factors which affect the preferences of employees were analyzed. In this regard, three main indices, namely isovist, integration, and distance from the door have been studied. The results show the impact of these indices on the preferences of employees. The significance and impact of the indices have not been similar and in some cases, "distance from the door" has had the highest impact and the "isovist" has had more impact than "integration". In relation to the selection of the sitting place, this research has also demonstrated the impact of organizational and cultural factors on the preferences of employees. The difference between the spatial value of various parts of the room in terms of distance from the door and the position of the door in different cultures, the difference between the results obtained from female respondents and the male respondents in relation to the index of "isovist from outside", as well as the difference between the choices of individuals with different occupational ranks prove the significance of cultural and organizational factors.
    Keywords: the desirability of arrangement, office space, space syntax, isovist
  • M. Hedayatifard, R. Kheyroddin Page 43
    Because of the suitability of coastal lands for different groups of activities such as recreational, residential and commercial functions, there is an increasing demand among different stakeholders to benefit from these natural lands. The conflicts between the users, sometimes, lead to exclusiveness and limitation of public access to the shoreline. This article aims to recognize the main agents and mechanisms intensifying the spatial segregation and limitation of public access to the coast. By applying the qualitative methods of Interview and documentary analysis in the middle shoreline of Caspian Sea, the categorization of exclusive public shoreline, their supportive contexts and spatial outputs, are formulated. Findings show that in contrast to the privatization of publish shoreline throughout the world, in Iran, beside the role of private sector, it is the government who benefit from the shoreline exclusively. In order to find the role of institutional contexts, analyses of the formal and regulatory documents, laws and regulations, showed the negligence in performance of coastal and agricultural land use control systems which accelerate the processes of land use change and creation of exclusive spaces in the form of gated communities. In the last step, the analysis of interviews with key actors showed the unsuitable spatial consequences especially social segregation and also decline in economics of coastal cities.
    Keywords: Exclusive space, privatization of public space, gated communities, Coastal area
  • M. Shokouhi Page 53
    To make a city more legible there should be continuity between salient elements of the city between main integrators and visible fields of the landmarks, to form a coherent structure, or these elements should overlap to emphasize each other to make the city more legible. The relationship of these two elements in the city structure depends on the degree of irregularity of the layout and the presence of the rules of Gestalt of “good configuration”. Each urban morphology, according to its degree of irregularity and presence or absence of Gestalt rules can be categorized as organized, semi-organized and unorganised. The role of landmarks or visual clues according to the type of morphology differs from one type to another. To make a legible city, there should be a coincidence between the maps of main integrators to the landmark setting to emphasize the main structure of the city in regular settings (organized and semi-organized structures). In irregular layouts, there should be continuity between pattern of visible fields of landmarks and main integrators of the city to form a coherent whole. The hierarchy of the urban axes in global and local level- most integrated and least integrated axes- will be followed by the hierarchy of the visual clues in global and local levels, which defines the nature of systems of reference in the structure of the city. The aim of the study presented by this article is to show how the interaction of landmarks and pathway configuration influence the legibility of the city and make the image group of the city.
    Keywords: continuity, image group, integration, intelligibility, mentalmaps, pedestrian movement, regularity, salient elements, spatial elements, visibility
  • F. Hashemi, S. R. Eghbali, M. Hamedi Page 65
    The conditions of indoor environmental parameters have far-reaching implications for people health, general well-being and performance. In the process of environmental design of any construction project, several parameters are taken into consideration. One of the influential parameters in design is the physical and spiritual characteristics whose amount of contribution in the physical or architectural environment of buildings varies with their type of buildings. Due to the superiority of functional requirements of equipment and systems over human requirements in the field of architectural and environmental design of industrial buildings, users have to adapt themselves to the conditions which might be followed by imposed biological and psychological pressures. Since control room plays an important role in operating normally and facing accidents and their consequences in every power plant, it acts as the brain. Providing environmental comfort to control room staff significantly prevents man-made disasters from happening in power plants. In this regardæ the present study examines the components and environmental parameters influenced by building features (thermal comfort, lighting quality, office layout, interior decoration, acoustic quality, air quality, cleanliness and maintenance) in typical control building of combined cycle power plants. Using a questionnaire based on Vischer’s model of environmental comfort regarding people’s environmental perception (the model that is used by Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Burkeley), the level of users’ satisfaction with the environmental factors and their self-estimated performance in relation to these factors at the two levels of physical and functional comforts has been determined. The statistical analysis of the results shows that the lack of consideration of the environmental comfort parameters of workspace in the process of architectural design of industrial buildings influences users’ satisfaction with these factors which is directly related to their self-estimated performance in workplace and consequently their job satisfaction by decreasing them. Of the environmental factors, only the component “ease of interaction with co-workers” as a result of the type of design provided satisfaction.The scores given by the personnel based on the level of dissatisfaction factors from the highest to lowest one are as follows:
    Office furnishing (-2.28), ability to adjust furniture to meet the needs (-1.78),sound privacy (-1.67), air quality in the workspace ( -1.56 ), colors and textures of flooring, furniture and surface finishes ( -1.50 ), noise level ( -1.50 ) , general cleanliness of the overall building (-1.39), visual comfort of the lighting ( -1.33 ), temperature in workspace ( -1.11 ), level of visual privacy (-1.00), amount of space available for individual work and storage ( -0.94 ), general maintenance of the building ( -0.83 ), cleaning service provided to workspace ( -0.67 ), general specifications of the building( -0.67 ), amount of light in workspace( -0.56 ). Finally, using the results of the questionnaire analysis, the parameters have been prioritized in order to take corrective measures. By assessing the level of space occupants’ satisfaction the environmental factors and evaluating the impact of these factors on their self-estimated performance, the corrective potential of different factors with the approach of the enhancement of personnel’s performance has been determined. The results of this study primarily represent the building conditions to operations managers and secondly guide them in decision-makings about taking corrective measures using interior design professional experts in different factors.
    Keywords: industrial building, control building, environmental comfort, self-estimated performance, satisfaction