فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning
Volume:28 Issue: 1, Jun 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/09/08
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
|
  • M. Ramzanpour, A. Nourtaghani* Pages 1-13
    This study was done with the aim of identifing and prioritizing the supportive housing affordability indicators based on residents` perspective, this aim is practical and our research method is descriptive-analytical. Regarding the nature of the subject and the indicators studied, the current approach to this research is a survey method that first, by analyzing the content of research carried out in different countries, the affordability indicators of supportive housing are extracted and then based on this Indices, a questionnaire was designed. This questionnaire was distributed in the statistical community. The statistical population is residents of Mehr housing in Babolsar. 340 residents were selected by random cluster sampling from the whole (2300 residents). Data was analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a 8-factor measurement model that two factors were eliminated due to their low impact. These factors that determine affordability of supportive housing base on residents` perspective, In order of preference, are: physical comfort, Elderly and disabled people facilitations, Green spaces’ landscape, Intra-housing characteristics, Open spaces efficiency, and social interactions. The regression method was used to investigate the relationship between these factors, which indicates high dependence (0.85) of physical comfort factor (as dependent variable) and Intra-housing characteristics. In future researches, it is necessary to evaluate the measures of supportive housing affordability indicators in different regions of the country
    Keywords: Supportive Housing, Affordability indicators, Factor analysis, Regression
  • S. Rahimi Atani, K. Bazrafkan, I. Raeisi* Pages 15-24
    Postmodernism is a very ambiguous term. It attracted many researchers from different fields of knowledge in the late 1960s. This article explains intertextuality as a critical means to derive its concepts and components in order to understand the hidden layers of meaning in postmodern pluralist ideology. Variable thoughts of postmodern architecture have been divided into two categories—Historicist and Deconstruction—to be able to detect and classify the inner layers of meaning in postmodern architecture.
    The authors seek to answer these questions: 1. How can we achieve the intertextual relationship between Historicist postmodern architecture and Deconstruction?
    2. How can we define Historicist postmodern architecture and Deconstruction into the diachronic and synchronic axes?
    The results show that Historicist postmodernism uses objective signifiers and moves only along the diachronic axis. This group only imitates the past and its elements have humor and irony in the works. Due to the lack of attention to the synchronic axis, some parts of intertextuality are missing. These include the uncertainty of meaning and multilayered texts, which are principles of intertextuality. Deconstruction moves in both the diachronic and synchronic axes and, unlike Historicist ones, multi-meaning, multi-valued, and multi-layered features are seen in the works. They use both previous and contemporary texts. The method of data analysis is based on causal comparison and the rational analysis of authors. This article is a logical reasoning research that uses reasoning to explain relationships and understand the components of a subjective system after gathering information and understanding the theory of intertextuality
    Keywords: Intertextuality, Historical postmodernism, Deconstruction, Diachronic, synchronic axes
  • P. Heidari, Ccedil, . Polatoglu* Pages 25-35
    In the architectural design, designers are focused on the early stages of the design process or conceptual design. The ultimate goal of this stage is to find a solution for an existing problem, investigate design space, or explore an idea. This stage conventionally begins with sketches and diagrams to explore ideas and solutions; the ambiguity and vagueness of conventional freehand sketching can be a source of creativity.
    Nowadays, with the advances in digital technology, there are attempts to integrate digital tools into the conceptual design in order to construct a digital design medium in the architectural education. Recent developments in CAAD software shows a shift in focus toward conceptual design interface; but these tools have not developed and still fail to offer an appropriate design environment for sketching; So application of digital tools in the early stages of design, has created problems and challenges especially regarding creativity. The problem is that why digital sketching could not yet replace the conventional freehand sketching. Therefore, this research focuses on the early stages of the design process and aims to investigate the current situation of digital sketching and its related discussions and challenges in architectural design education, also, study the current sketching tools in the architectural schools and tendency of instructors and their students to use digital sketching in real world. This research has a qualitative approach and a survey has conducted via an online questionnaire. Findings show that, there are attempts to study and propose interfaces and programs to enhance digital systems or new ways of working with them in order to support creativity and sketching. Also, findings indicate that the professors yet doubt over digital tools, but there is a tendency to use these tools among educators and their students if these tools can meet educational demands
    Keywords: Conceptual design, Digital sketching, Creativity, Pen based sketching
  • M. Montazerolhodjah*, M. Sharifnejad, M. Pourjafar Pages 37-47
    Over the last few decades, some newly developed areas in the city of Isfahan have had serious problems in providing such urban design qualities as legibility, and this has led to various problems for the citizens like difficulty in way-finding, orientation or addressing. In order to solve this problem and enrich the legibility of newly developed areas, planners and designers should utilize appropriate principles extracted from the inhabitant's cognition and expectations. This paper attempts to understand how people form their cognitive maps in urban areas and find their way within urban places. Hence, it tries to identify and evaluate different kinds of urban elements (the most important elements which provides legibility) by using casual-comparative methods on the basis of such factors as the reason of being distinctive, the type, context, function, adjacency, heritage value and type of the adjacent route that residents of Isfahan have used in shaping their cognitive maps. The findings of this research showed that the most important characteristics which affect the distinctiveness of urban landmarks in the citizens cognitive maps include: having distinctive form in their surrounding environment; being located along the urban main streets or near the junctions; being established in a central area or having heritage value; having such urban functions or land uses as tourism, commercial, leisure, religious or transportation
    Keywords: Cognitive map, Urban elements, Legibility, Isfahan
  • M. Tahbaz* Pages 49-70
    Because of the differences between indoor and outdoor thermal condition, preparing some outdoor thermal indices is a way to understand and categorize the outdoor thermal sensation. The aim of these indices is not to provide thermal comfort - as it is the aim of indoor indices. Instead, they are provided to analyze outdoor thermal sensation to help architects, landscape architects and urban designers in design procedure to provide the most possible tolerable thermal condition in outdoor places such as urban public spaces. This article is the result of some field studies have been done in 2010 - 2012 in five different climates: hot semi humid (Ahvaz, Iran), tropical (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), hot-arid (Kashan, Iran), moderate-arid (Tehran, Iran) and cold (Sheffield, UK) in their worst thermal period. The main question in this research is: which outdoor thermal index is appropriate for a specific climate? And how much it is accurate to evaluate outdoor thermal sensation especially in different levels of cold stress and heat stress condition? In each field study the weather data including temperature, humidity and wind speed, are collected by two portable Kestrel weather stations to show weather condition in local and microclimate levels. People's behavior in outdoor spaces is observed to understand their reaction to the different thermal conditions. A nominal observation scale is used for people’s age, health, clothes, activity and exposure time. Outdoor thermal indices that are used in this research are: Humidex, WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature), TSI (tropical summer index), Summer Outdoor Comfort Zone, WCET (wind chill equivalent temperature), THI (temperature humidity index) and UTCI (universal thermal climate index). The results show that outdoor thermal indices may have not the same explanation for the same thermal condition. Some of them are more appropriate for some specific condition while others are not. At last it would be summarized that they have acceptable sensitivity to temperature but most of them need to become more sensitive to humidity and air velocity
    Keywords: Outdoor thermal sensation, UTCI, WCET, WBGT, THI, TSI
  • M. Zarei*, M. Sattarzad Fathi, F. Heidari Pages 71-81
    The "Urban Village Approach" is one of the most appropriate ways to eliminate recent urban problems, including social, environmental, cultural, and economic shortcomings. Although the urban village approach is generally proper to resolve these types of flaws, its combination with the democratic concept of urban design can definitely provide more effective solutions. So at first, this paper aims to present a theoretical combination of these two approaches in the form of recommended principles and criteria, and then attempts to introduce a hypothetical wasteland for illustrating the practical aspects of it through design suggestions. A major part of the achievements of this paper is based on theoretical and empirical findings obtained from comparisons and descriptions, but in order to achieve more tangible results, the practical aspects of findings are proven by displaying 3D designs and schemes. Consequently, these proposed principles and criteria can be utilized in designing a democratized urban village form that finally leads to some vital qualities, such as flexibility, inclusiveness, localism, diversity, vitality, naturality, identity, etc. These qualities, in an appropriate and consistent relation with the existing contexts, will also bring some desired concepts within, like justice, equality, freedom, and democracy to the urban and rural areas and neighborhoods
    Keywords: Urban village, Localism, Identity, Nature, Democratic urban design
  • Kh. Shamsi, Z. Karkehabadi* Pages 83-90
    The aim of evaluating and studying the creative city indicators of the city of Qazvin is to determine the creativity trend of this city during the past years and to recognize the dominant field of creativity for this city. Therefore, this study has tried to analyze the creative city indicators about the city of Qazvin by using “descriptive-analysis” method as well as applying secondary data, TOPSIS model, AHP model and SPSS software. First, 13 indicators have been collected to determine the creativity trend from2009 to 2015, then the current trend of creativity in recent years has been obtained using quantitative models. Regardless of the year 2009 and the years before that, the best rank belongs to 2013 with 0.3228 scores. Generally, the creativity trend has decreased with a gentle slope in recent years. In the following sections, within introducing the dominant field of creativity among the five investigated fields, this conclusion has been made that the city of Qazvin has potentials to move toward a creative city
    Keywords: Index, Creative city, City of Qazvin, Urban planning models, Garlic creativity
  • N. Khaleghi* Pages 91-104
    Urban planning has received tremendous public attention in the last few years. Energy cost, environmental issues, traffic congestion and the feeling of lack of belonging in the cities are among the factors that have contributed to the development of pedestrian areas. These public spaces provide opportunities for shopping, entertainment, eating facilities and gatherings where people can experience urban life as pedestrians. Over decades, the concept of pedestrianisation has become part of social urban life in the developed countries. However, developing countries such as Iran have just recently paid attention to pedestrianisation and walking as a mode of transportation. The historic core of Tehran, the capital of Iran, embraces significant tangible and intangible values. For a long time, enhancing the mobility in the area has been the important concern of the urban developers; pedestrianisation is their recently solution to this issue in this site. To study and evaluate this project, a literature and field research have been performed through investigating the valid documentations and using questionnaires and interviews with the locals and visitors. Taking advantage of the Historic Urban Landscape approach, the results of the field and bibliographic research have been evaluated and recommendations have been made for improving the pedestrian-oriented areas in the historic context. The findings of this research show that converting a street to a pedestrian zone does not mean to simply ban the vehicles from entering the site. On the contrary, there are essential bases in the site such as multifunctional places, human-scale dimensions or activities during the whole day and night that should be taken into consideration to provide a suitable space for pedestrians including citizens and tourists. Pedestrian zones include different functions such as residential, social, cultural, tourists, physical, economic, etc. on various dimensions and scales which affect the whole city design and management. Moreover, these spaces should be supported by variety of facilities like parking lots, public transportation and equipment for people with disabilities. Assessing the impacts of pedestrianisation in Tehran Grand Bazaar can pave the way for future studies with the aim of conserving unique features of the historic sites within an urban development process
    Keywords: Historic urban landscape (HUL), Tehran, Impact assessment, Pedestrianisation
  • P. Hessari, M. Zandieh*, I. Mahmuodzadeh Kani Pages 105-115
    Power plants with complex technology have various gradations in design process so that this level in the current time by maintaining the goals of sustainability and sustainable development have a critical importance. These buildings require to be sustainable according to their complexity to provide the finance and discrete budgets for functional needs, meanwhile to design solutions to avoid creating pollution and the reduction of energy should be careful and they are in their life cycle which have a social function. These solutions are possible to offer providing a method in design. Focusing on interventional and unique procedures in design can be very efficient. The present research is applicable with the aim to emphasize and recognize the importance of prioritizing in selecting different areas in combined cycle power plants based on the parameters of sustainable development and responds to the question on what priority should be set in the areas of combined cycle power plants,while observing the principles of sustainable development in the direction of control and decrease of economic, social and environmental risks, describes the infrastructures of sustainable development in the areas of combined cycle. Therefore while addressing senior managers, advisors and contractors ,has presented a list with the consultation of the experts and in the second stage through scrolling using questionnaire and survey from experts and AHP software analysis among consulting companies managers, contractors and professionals the criteria were prioritized in hierarchical method. The economic-functional criteria with rank 0.541 have been in the first priority of attention form the experts’ choice and considering the effect of these criteria on the choices, the choice of steam in combined cycle power plants was placed in the first priority with final weight 0.313 and the gas area was determined in the second priority with final weight 0.266. This was also true in the sensitivity test. Thus paying attention to the functional criteria in order to gain economic productivity in the steam area was defined in the priority of attention
    Keywords: Sensitivity analysis, Sustainable development, AHP, Performance, Combined cycle power plant