مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 2 (زمستان 1395)

The main purpose of this study was Analyzing farmer's attitudes to sustainable development and some factors affecting on in Rural County West Islamabad. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was determined by sustainable development expert and Cronbach's alpha value Calculated from 0/65 to 0/77 for different parts of the questionnaire. for data analysis softwares SPSS20 and Lisrel 8 were used. The results factor analysis showed that among three factors: attitude, of "emotional" with coefficient λ =0/60 is greatest amount of variance as the strongest indicators related to attitudes about agricultural sustainability have been identified. Also The results of multivariate regression showed that the only variable between the different variables cultivation positive effect of age predicted a negative effect on people's attitudes in the field of sustainable agriculture. With increased acreage positive attitude and approach them with increasing age MyShvd negative. According to the results, for improveing the attitude of farmers in sustainable agricultural development sugestion were presented.

This research is done to investigate the effect of environmental education on improvement of elementary school students’ attitude about animal rights by Semi experimental method. The statistical population was including the elementary school students, boys and girls of a public school in the city Bardaskan.Sixty girls and sixty boys from fourth, fifth and sixth grades were selected through a simple random method, then the selected samples were divided into two experimental and control groups of 30 students. At first a pretest was given to both groups. After two weeks of pretest, at the end of the training sessions of both experimental and control groups a post test was applied. The related data of pretest and posttest were collected by a questionnaire based on attitude towards animal rights. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach alpha (0/64). The Ancova covariance analysis test was used for analyzing the information. The test results showed that presenting active and purposeful education to students has a significant effect on students attitude improvement towards animal rights and also there is no significant difference between male and female student's responses (sig = 0.38).

The main aim of this descriptive- correlation research was to investigate the affecting factors on villagers’ use of renewable energies. The statistical population of the research consisted of all heads of households in the rural areas of Zabol city (N= 63736). According to the Bartlett et al., (2001) table, 300 of them were selected by multistage sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. A pretest was conducted to establish the reliability of the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was at an appropriate level (ranged from 0.761 to 0.793). The descriptive statistics results indicated that the villagers level of using of renewable energies including solar, wind and biomass energies were at a very low level. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that variables of literacy level, distance between village to the nearest city, rate of the participation in training courses on renewable energies, the size of land, livestock unit, the number of agricultural products and vegetables, the cost of gas and electricity for home and level of using of information acquisition sources on the renewable energies had significant and positive relationship with the villagers level of using of these energies. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that 61.6 % variances of using level of renewable energies were explained by the six variables including: using level of information acquisition sources, rate of the participation in training courses, the number of agricultural products, the size of livestock unit, the number of vegetables and the size of land, respectively.

The aim of this study was to compare environmental education effectiveness in sixth grade students. For this purpose, both formal and informal forms of education were applied. Research method was quasi-experimental method. Statistical population was all sixth grade female students in Karaj, so 5th district was chosen randomly among 12 districts of Karaj, and then Negin Alborz Girls Elementary School was chosen. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with two sections namely; attitude and performance with three tests. The value of 0/85 was obtained for Cronbach’s alpha. The students were divided randomly into formal and informal groups. A test was conducted in both informal and formal groups,before education. Then a combination of lecture and Q & A methods were used in formal education while in informal group, the learning was performed by student. Finally 2 months later, a test was performed for both groups after education. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that significant level t calculated, before education in both informal and formal groups ismore than 0/05 (p>0/05) and there is no significant difference. The significant level t calculated, after education and 2 months after education in both formal and informal groups is less than 0/05 (p

In Iran, a group of organs like environment protection organization and supreme council of environment are the key policy-makers in environment scope. Among these the Islamic council parliament plays a key role in policy-making and guiding the related organizations. Thus the respected representatives of the parliament in different periods holding discussion, so as to organize environment scope in the form of plan, bill and question. The purpose of this paper with emphasis on these discussions is to introduce environmental protection discourse typology in Iran. The method of this research is Fairclough analyzing discourse with qualitative approach which is totally investigating 158 environmental talks of representatives of the first to seven periods of Islamic council parliament. The sampling method of the research is theoretical sampling or purpose based sampling. So the discussions have taken into accounts which were related to environrnent scope. The results of this paper shows that four discourse patterns dominate in different parliamant periods. The dominate discourse of the first and second periods was environmental justice discourse. The dominate discourse of the third to fifth periods was protecting the environment and dominate discourse of the sixth and seventh periods was risk discourse and finally the modernization discourse was influential and dynamic discourse which overshadows the discussions of the first to seventh periods.

Women as the half of the world’s population, are also the managers of the resources consumption in the family. Women have a key role in the environmental management. So awareness of their environmental knowledge level and identifying current needs and shortcomings on this regard can have a significant role on improving of the environmental culture in the society. In this research "training needs assessment" has been done for knowing the women different environmental training level and estimating their educational needs among the housewives in Tehran municipality of region 15. The research method for data collecting is descriptive and survey based. Data has been collected via questionnaires of housewives in region 15 which among them 1082 were selected as statistical sample. The reliability coefficient was confirmed by Cronbach alpha (0/86) and its validity has been assessed by expert comments. Data Processing and analysis also has been done with SPSS software. The results showed that the environmental knowledge and awareness level of the women in this region is high (0/88) but they have some problem about the recognition of the cause of some environmental problems. They think that all communicational methods are useful for environmental education. Furthermore face to face training and using TV programs as a social media are the most effective ways for their learning compared to the other ways.

One of the causes of environmental crisis is the lack of environmental awareness. Certainly, one of the ways of creating it is proper training. As one of the most versatile tools for teaching in the country are textbooks, the present study aims at investigating the main components of environment teaching included in the sixth grade text books in Iran. The method of the study was content analysis using Shannon entropy analysis including texts, questions, exercises, and pictures of selected books. The findings showed that the highest significant correlation in social studies books was related to the component of the way of exploiting the renewable and non-renewable resources which was (.023%), and the least significant correlation was related to the components of population, ozone layer depletion, and the role of technology in environment as well as global warming. It is also showed that in the Persian text book (reading), the focus of attention was only on the soil components (.013%) and the human role in environmental protection (.002%). In the text book of science, (.004%) of focus was on the components of environment, jungles, and trees, and (.023%) to the ways of exploiting the renewable and non-renewable resources. In the sixth grade's thinking and research textbook, the attention was only on the jungles and trees without considering the other environmental components. In the text books of Quran, mathematics, work and technology, divine gifts, and Persian (writing), there is no attention to the environment. The results showed that there is not a balanced and comprehensive attention to the components of environmental education in the content of text books of the sixth grade in Iran.

Population growth and pollution resulting from their activities and climate changes of the last century, has increased concerns about preserving the environment for future generation so that nowadays environmental knowledge and attitude improvement is one of the major intellectual trends and political strategies in most countries of the world. Development of this critical thinking has the first rank in NGOs such as the knowledge-based companies. The main objective of this study was to assess the environmental knowledge and attitude of staffs in agricultural knowledge-based companies and its relation with socio- political factors.This research is a descriptive- correlational one and it’s a quantitative research in terms of its nature. The statistical population were Kermanshah and Hamadan knowledge-based companies staffs and managers. According to latest statistics of growth centers the number of people was 175 in Kermanshah and Hamadan. The census method was used for determining the sample size in this study, 175 people participated in the study. In a survey, instrument of the research was a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three parts: the first part were staffs demographic questions, Part II was an scale formed for measuring the knowledge of staffs and managers and Part III was related to their environmental attitude.The related indicators and categories for assessing the environmental attitude from NEP scale were selected as the basis of the project. After the process of data processing, statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) using the SPSS15, Amos22 softwares was done. The results show that government policy makings, family commitment to protecting the environment, media, being a member of the NGO, education and training lead to changes in people's attitude to the environment.