مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 3 (بهار 1396)

Attention to the global dimension of environmental issues on one hand, and awareness about these issues on the other hand have increased the demand for organization accountability about environmental issues. Providing the environmental information disclosure is a way to explain the policies related to organization responsibility for imposing the ethical, social and environmental activities. This research aims to study the disclosure fields and recognition of the influencing factors on motivation promoting to disclosure the environmental information. In order to this, we used a model based on disclosure fields and by interviewing from (experts, administrators, faculty members of the universities all over the country), the important motivational factors to disclosure the environmental information using Delphi technique, 64 influencing factors for promoting people motivation in 6 parts: media, judiciary, stuff, institutions, and the other organizations, consumers and capitalists were recognized. Factors like government support, regulatory organizational membership, fear of government punishment, job safety, religion factors, work ethic, society culture, regarding future and the others, material rewarding, marital status and job importance are the most important factors in the 6 channels.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate experts’ sustainable agricultural literacy (knowledge, attitude, sensitivity and concern) level and to assess effects of socio-economic variables (gender, educational level, experience and information source on their sustainable agricultural literacy level. A total of 180 agricultural experts in Tehran and Alborz provinces are questioned by using of a questionnaire which includes four parts; knowledge (17 items), attitude (10 items), sensitivity (18 items), concern (19 items). Experts had participated in courses of sustainable agriculture. Data analysis showed that experts had positive attitude and high degrees of concern and sensitivity toward sustainability of agriculture; however they had low to moderate levels of sustainable agricultural knowledge. In order to evaluate the role of socio-economic variables on experts’ sustainable agricultural level, six separate one-way MANOVAs were conducted. The results revealed that; a) there is significant effect of gender on experts’ sustainable agricultural literacy regarding to concern, b) there is a significant effect of educational level and work experience on experts’ sustainable agricultural literacy regarding to knowledge and concern; and c) there is a significant effect of information sources e.g. workshops and media about sustainability of agriculture on experts’ sustainable agricultural literacy. Finally, based on these results, planning aiming to promote the literacy of sustainable agriculture was proposed.

The main purpose of this paper is exploring the nature of tourism relation with higher education in the light of conflict theory. This paper is addressing to how extend the policies of tourism development planning and higher education in Iran are convergent or divergent. Since the nature of policy making in two socio –cultural issues such as tourism and higher education are effected from complicated social science bases like power, discipline T conflict, convergent or divergent, so by using of a phenomena-analytical methodology and applying different sources such as review of literature, documents of last five development planning in Iran, review of scholars, and websites of different organization relevant to tourism and higher education, collected data are examined by using of content analysis method.The results indicated that:a- in the last five year development planning of Iran there are less policies to make a relation between Tourism and Higher Education, b-in the first draft of the sixth five year development planning of Iran new relations are considered but due to the current divergent between tourism and higher education activities its successful under critical situation, c-development of tourism must be considered as an interdisciplinary science in the universities and higher education institutions.

Due to the presence of vocational and technical graduates in all economic activities, they should be trained in such a way that to be aware of the impact of their work and decision on the environment. In this regard, in this study we try to offer a fuzzy multiple attribute decision making model based on the environmental competency criteria for choosing an environmental education method in vocational and technical schools. For this purpose in the first by searching scientific resources, as well as discussions with experts, environmental competency criteria of technical and vocational graduates were identified, then three different questionnaires were designed for data collection and after distributing and collecting questionnaires among research experts, entropy Shanon method and hybrid DEMATEL-ANP approach were used for weighting and prioritizating of mentioned criteria. The results were used for ranking of environmental education methods using fuzzy Electre, fuzzy Topsis and fuzzy Saw. Since the results of the above-mentioned methods are not consistent with each other in some cases, for reaching a general consensus, the POSET method was used and finally, a fuzzy multiple attribute decision making model was proposed to select the best environmental education method in technical and vocational schools. The results show that prioritizing of environmental competency criteria is vary depending on the type of weighting techniques and group discussion is the most appropriate teaching method of environmental education.

Sustainable development is a new field involving politics, culture, economy, trade and industry simultaneously, while supporting environment, coexistence with nature and equal human rights, and dealing with countries domestic and international affairs. Since in the field of clean environment, social skills development is an important element in creating a sustainable development, this paper compares the effectiveness of project and non-project-based E-learning on the development of social skills along with sustainable development of Arak Payam Noor University students. The 750 number of E-learning students of Arak Payame Noor University is the research population. Among whom 30 are selected using the purposive sampling method. The Matson et al standard questionnaire is used for data collection. The validity of Matson’s standard questionnaire was confirmed in past researches. The reliability coefficient is calculated by the Cronbach's alpha alpha method. The reliability coefficient is calculated equal 0.86 in this method. In this paper, project and non-project-based E-learning students are studied in two separate groups. The average of two groups is compared using the paired samples (Coupled) of T-test. The calculations show that the results of the sustainable development of social skills of project and non-project-based E-learning students are significantly different.

In this research, hierarchical process has been applied for prioritizing options and barriers criteria of sustainable management of agricultural water resources. For this purpose, first, according to the identified criteria and options, data from experts of Ab Baran cooperatives in Kurdistan province based on paired comparison of data were collected through a questionnaire answered by 29 selected samples and the expert choice software was used to analyze them. The results showed that the legal and policy options were considered the highest among the other eight options. It is also known to be the most important obstacle to the sustainable management of agricultural water consumption. After that, economic-support, extension-education, exploitation style, social, institutional and organizational, planning and natural options were located. Furthermore, the results concerning the relative importance of criteria for significance evaluating of management of agricultural water obstacles revealed that water efficiency at the farm level is the most important and then increasing agricultural water productivity, optimum transfer of agricultural water, resources conservation, water conservation, improving water efficiency, irrigation system and farmer's participation were important in turn.

This study is performed with the purpose of familiarity of human force working in water and wastewater industry of the country with features and advantages of using deep Aerators as a replace for surface Aerators and also feasibility for using it in Aerated Lagoons processes by using descriptive method from the type of document analysis. Present study in the first step is investigated for improving quality and empowerment of human force of aeration processes in Lagoons and explains related types of methods to each one and then the types of Aerators such as deep, surface mechanical and undersurface Aerators and also pump Aerators of performance method and effective factors on it are investigated that informing these affairs can cause the improvement of scientific level, familiarity with new developments in the world and at last remaining and life of more related organizations. At last by utilizing results arising other researches, a comparison is performed between two methods that the result shows that using deep Aerators instead of surface Aerators had 19.78 percent decline in consumed energy and as a result it will be along with economic saving and increasing efficiency of multiple indices for evaluating waste pollution that we know it as an effective step through correct management of resources and creating sustainable development in water and wastewater industry of the country.

While environmental concern is often conceptualized as a direct antecedent of environmental purchase intention, empirical findings in support of this relationship are inconsistent at best. This study consequently investigates the direct and indirect effects of environmental concern on environmental purchase intentions in an effort to better understand these inconsistent findings. This research, in terms of purpose is practical, and in terms of methodology is a survey which is based on an analysis of covariance model using structural equation modeling. The sample size of this study were selected randomly from 386 students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which constitute a group of citizen, by using Cochran's formula. In accordance to results of this research, the mediating role of intentional and incidental learning strategies between environmental concern and environmental purchase intention is being confirmed. Consequentely, we can declare that, by using learning startegies we can guide individuals‘environmental concern toward environmental purchase intentions.