مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 4 (تابستان 1396)

The purpose of this research was to design the Environmental education curriculum for Elementary education in Iran. The research method was a qualitative one, whereas in the second part of the research, a quantitative analysis was used. First, the theoretical foundations, documents and experiences of the pioneering countries were analysed for the Initial draft of the curriculum. Then, the designed curriculum was validated by 30 experts who were selected through purposeful sampling. The results showed the five elements of the curriculum, which were the basics, the goals, the content, the instruction and the evaluation method. In addition, the validation of the design was obtained 0/99. At the end, some practical suggestions were offered based on the findings.

The aim of the present research is to evaluate environmental health and nursing course content based on the criteria for selecting curriculum content. The research is descriptive and statistical population includes all nurse students of Darab Islamic Azad University. By using Morgan table and stratified random sampling and deleting incomplete questionnaires, 302 questioners were analyzed. Regarding the experts emphasis on triple indexes, an 18-items questionnaire with five Likert scale was designed.In evaluating of cultural and social scales, the results showed that the scales of students familiarity with community regulations for protecting environment (t=-2.315) and the scales of increasing students general awareness and seriously accepting the words of authorities for protecting the environment (t=-2.174) are in undesirable situation.Moreover by assessing the scales of psychosocial principle it was found out that the lowest average (3.247) is relating to providing the practical activities for protecting environment by studentsand in evaluating the scale of content appropriateness to nursing knowledge and environmental health, the results showed that the highest average(3.352) belongs to the scale of teaching all sorts of pollutions and its criteria (t=5.152), and that the lowest average (3.147) belongs to the scale of teaching chemical damages on the environment(t=2.209).In general,among the seven scales of cultural factors in environmental health and nurse course content, three scales are in undesirable situation (state) and four scales are in relatively desirable situation. All the scales of psychological principle are in relatively desirable situation. Finally, the presented content in nursing and environmental health course in the light of content appropriateness to knowledge structure is in a relatively desirable state.

As far as agricultural education works as a tool for the acception of new technologies and applying scientific agricultural methods by producers and beneficiaries, this study was conducted in order to investigate farmers, information in Ahvaz city, regarding their awareness from soil and agriculture sciences to determine their educational priorities. The research population was determined to be 500 subjects using the Cocharane formula. The field study method was selected and a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 42 questions in 8 pedagogical areas including “general agriculture”, “agronomy”, “soil”, “water”, “fertilizers”, “plant nutrition” and “primary and secondary luxury education” was used in which 10,6,4,5,4,7,3,3 items were available respectively. The questionnaire was developed based on Likert five degree spectrum. Descriptive and independent t-test methods were used to compare respondents, viewpoints. Finally, data analysis was done for each area by using LSD follow-up test by SPSS software. The results showed that the greatest educational need for farmers was in the area of aquatic issues in order to get familiar with affective parameters in irrigation quality. The mean was 1.79±1.341 and this type of education was in the first priority. The results also indicated that the lower score rate was in the area of agronomic with an average of 4.38±0.756, and this education was in the last priority. Accordingly, the educational needs for farmers in the region were recommended.

The separating waste from source production, in addtion to principles of hygiene, is leading to the health commodities produced from recycled materials, it is also removed many costs of collecting and organizing waste. The purpose of this research is analaysis of effective factors in source separation of solid waste on urban environment in district 3 of Tehran region 1 municipality. The research type is practical. The method has been applied for research has descripttive and analytical approach. Research data is collected by the field-documental studies, and the hybrid model (AHP)(SWOT) has been taken for analyzing the findings. Statistical society is 95000 citizen of district 3 of Tehran region 1 and 60 questionnaires as a sample size have been completed by cooperation with environmental and region recycling experts and municipal authorities. The results show that the average of concessions between internal factors for strengths points (0.08875) and for weakness points (0.03211) which the average score of weaknesses points is less than the average score of strengths points. Also, among external factors the score of opportunities points are equal (0.08562) and for threat points (0.03675),that the average score of threat points is less than the average opportunities points scores.Thus,efficacious coefficient of strengths and opportunities points facing municipal solid waste in studied area are more than the weaknesses and threat points.Of course the dominant strategy in this research is an aggressive type. By adopting this strategy and applying the facing strength and opportunity points in the studied area desirable and sustainable development can be obtained.

This research aims to review the recent situation of environmental higher education courses in Iran and introducing the requirements for fulfilling the best status. Studies show that there are 43 environmental courses in four educational degrees in Iran. The number of students in the environmental sciences fields that have been accepted in 2016, were about 14444. Statistics illustrate that in 2016, Islamic Azad University has accepted the highest number of students in environmental field (8997). Also PNU stands on the next step of 3587 accepted students and the third comes for the MCHE with 1869 students in this year. Also about the distribution of environmental student, around 74 percent are in bachelor degree and below, 23 percent in master degree and around 3 percent in PhD level. The results show during a ten year period from 2000 to 2010 about 11842 students have been graduated in different fields of environmental sciences in Iran. Also it shows that in recent years the number of PhD student have been increased remarkably. Furthermore among the most important diagnosis in environmental higher education in Iran is miss match between the numbers of graduated and the need to expert in this field that cause a high level of jobless. At the end, some suggestion have been offered to improve the situation.

Given the increasing importance of environmental degradation and the lack of these types of studies in developing countries, this research attempts by using various hypotheses and theories have been explained in the framework of income/power inequality and environmental degradation and challenging the equality hypothesis theoretically and rejecting this hypothesis empirically with emphasis on education role, In addition to finding real answer for the following two questions, helping to the extension of research literature and adapting appropriate environmental protection policies according to income/education level and the level of environmental degradation in developing countries. The first question is that which income group will prevail in the pollution war? And the second question is, what measures politicians should take? This research has been done based on an unbalanced panel data with fixed and random effects models during the period 2000-2013 in developing countries. The research findings indicate that Environmental Kuznets hypothesis is not rejected and the equality hypothesis is rejected. This finding can be considered as the reducing final preferences of environmental degradation of high-income countries/individuals relative to low-income. In the other words, it can be regarded as less demand of environmental degradation of the rich relative to the poor and stronger willingness to pay of environmental quality of the rich. In this case, no matter how income is distributed. Moreover, findings show that the education level decreases environmental degradation through the strengthening environmental public pressure and awareness.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the areas influencing the optimal NGOs participation in governmental policy-making process (Environmental Protection Agency in Tehran). In this study, 13 organizations were selected as the statistical population. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 378 people.The sampling method of the study is also using available sampling. After collecting the data by using a structured questionnaire, structural equation modeling and hypothesis testing was conducted based on Partial Least Squares approach. The results showed that in general, the construct in the model affecting areas on the participation of non-governmental organizations in policy-making of the Environmental Protection Agency explain almost 61 percent of the variance.Also from the viewpoint of members,environmental NGOs can participate in the creation of environmental decisions and monitor and evaluate the implementation of environmental decisions and have an important role in environmental policy-making process.

Focusing on the role of Persian as a Foreign Language in environmental education and sustainable development through tourism, this article views the foreign learners of Persian in Iran as potential resources for expanding tourism and sustainable development. The article argues that through co-planning and joint investment, different institutions such as tourism organizations, the Department for Environment, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology can efficiently deploy such resources toward boosting incoming foreign tourism to the country. The core of the argument is that via its verbal and non-verbal features, and as a powerful means of communication between individuals, language plays a significant role in connecting tourists and the local people in host communities. More specifically, it is argued that incorporating the literary and historical riches of the Iranian culture into tourism programs and teaching Persian can help develop tourism. This can be achieved through leveraging the way the environment and nature are represented in the Iranian myths, literature, popular culture, rituals, and traditions. To reflect such capacities, the article employed a phenomenological qualitative method using interviews with 40 foreign students of the Persian Language about their experiences of tourism in Iran. The results of the study show that by more efficient management and planning, related organizations can play a significant role in exploring the capacity of the centers for teaching Persian as a Foreign Language in contributing to the national programs for tourism, the environment, and sustainable development.

The intangible appetite of humans and the productivity of natural resources, and the sense of profligacy and addiction of capitalists and large producers, are a growing threat to natural resources.Therefore, the environmental issue is considered by many scholars.This article examines the relationship between social activity, relationship with nature and environmental behavior of citizens living in Tehran. The residents of Tehran were the statistical population , using a Lin table, 384 people were selected as sample size and selected by simple random sampling method.The survey instrument was a questionnaire and its analysis is conducted through Amos software. The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the social activity variable and the relationship with nature with the environmental behavior variable.Structural equation modeling results indicated that the index root mean is 0.07, the square to degrees of freedom is 2.95, Parsimonious fit indices is also 0.92. According to indicators of structural equation, the presented models had a good fit. As a result, social activity and relationshipswith nature play an important role in environmental behavior.