مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پاییز 1397)

The present study aimed to investigate the inclusion of environmental education topics in Iranian secondary education textbooks and prioritizing neglected topics. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was conducted with curriculum specialists and environmentalists to find answers on how to include environmental education topics in the secondary education curriculum. The research community included all the curriculum specialists in Isfahan universities and environmentalists from Tehran and Isfahan. In the present study, the information was saturated after an interview with 24 specialists. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was distributed among teachers to prioritize the relevant topics that were neglected in the environmental education curriculum. The statistical population of this section included all biology, geology, chemistry and geography teachers in Isfahan province with a multi-stage cluster sampling, 258 teachers were selected. The results of the study indicated that most of the experts believed that the topics of environmental education should be integrated with all courses. The results of the survey of the four groups of teachers showed that they think that the three items of protecting the natural environment of the country, the social, economic, and environmental consequences of electric energy production from renewable and non-renewable sources and the need for renewable energies and environmental impacts from fossil fuel consumption are at the top of the list of neglected topics in Iran's environmental education.

This study was conducted to identify the components of sustainable education. The research method is blended exploratory that has been done sequentially in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section, the components of sustainable education were identified by semi-structured interviews with 11 university professionals selected through purposeful sampling. To validate qualitative findings, participant review strategies and reviewers' strategies have been used. In the quantitative section in the framework of descriptive-survey research method and researcher-made questionnaire, 262 faculty members and students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected by stratified sampling method. The validity of the tool was confirmed by the experts, and its reliability was calculated by the inconsistency rate. For data analysis, content analysis technic has been used in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section hierarchical process method has been used. The findings show that from the perspective of faculty members and students of Ferdowsi University, the components of sustainable education in terms of importance in priority order are: integration of sustainability concepts into learning process with relative weight of 0.075, To learn learning and apply an interdisciplinary approach with weight of 0.046, Applying innovative strategies in the learning process with weight of 0.034, Critical thinking with weight of 0.031, Internationalization of education with weight of 0.018.

Regard to shortcomings of the formal education system in response to the real needs of people, the non-formal education system has become a necessity. Since the success of agricultural extension organization to receive sustainable development is associated with appropriate use of non-formal education, this study using descriptive-correlation research aimed to assess view of agricultural extension agents of Golestan province about the importance and application of characteristic of non-formal education. Using a simple random sampling method, 71 extension agents were studied. The results showed that agricultural extension agents advocate a medium importance for characteristics which are attributed to non-formal education. Although there was a significant positive correlation between the level of importance and the use of non-formal education characteristics, they were not used in accordance with the importance of non-formal education characteristics. Among the five pillars of non-formal education, “interaction orientation” has the greatest weight and “flexibility” has the minimum weight of importance. In terms of application, “skill orientation" has the highest weight and “interaction orientation” has a minimum weight. The main weaknesses of agricultural extension agents in non-formal education requirements were “writing behavioral objectives”, “knowing adult learning” and “learning to recognize the difference between formal, non-formal and informal education”. For better understanding and proper use of non-formal education, it is recommended that related learning experiences should be provided for agricultural extension agents.

The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic model for assessing students’ intention towards organic food purchase through the application of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In addition to the original components of the TPB, this study has explored constructs such as moral attitude, health consciousness and environmental concerns on students’ consumption behavior. In this research, information was collected from 420 agricultural students adopting the convenience sampling method. A research instrument was a questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts at the University of Tehran and Tarbiat Modarres University. Also, its reliability, using related coefficients, met satisfied threshold value. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to determine the causal relationship between research components. The results showed that the developed TPB explains the willingness to purchase organic food among students (R2=0.629). Among the structures of the developed model, two added constructs including moral attitude and health consciousness have a direct and significant effect on the willingness to purchase organic food. Also, environmental concerns with affecting the moderating variable indirectly affect the student's willingness to purchase. Therefore, the present study, by adding new constructs and structures in the TPB, has improved the predictive power of the proposed framework in determining the students' intention for organic food purchase behavior.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was two compare and monitoring STAD cooperative method and traditional teaching on urban environmental issues. This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups. The statistical population was elementary school's fourth-grade male students of Ahvaz city. For sampling, random cluster sampling was used. The sample size included 58 that were 30 in STAD cooperative group and 28 in the traditional group. To equalize the members of groups pre-test were done, and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha 0.84. The learning method for three consecutive weeks. First, the post-test was conducted after a week and then after a month of training. Results were analyzed by independent samples t-test and paired-sample t-test. The analysis showed that urban's environmental awareness in the STAD group was significantly higher than the traditional group. Also, the result of monitoring effectiveness confirmed that STAD cooperative learning is better than the traditional teaching method. It's suggested that Through community-based training courses on environmental issues for teachers, it increased the mentality and positive attitudes among students.

Recently, many concerns have been raised about the soil contamination as a result of anthropogenic activities associated with the environment. Heavy metals and organic pollutants are the most important pollutants released into the environment. Therefore, to achieve a cost-effective and sustainable technique to remove contaminants is necessary. The Electrokinetic remediation in the development and application of green technologies is able to remove a wide range of pollutants or converting them into compounds with lower toxicity. On the other hand, communication media, as informative tools, can affect social change. This article is intended to be a practical purpose by utilizing the media tool and in the framework of environmental communication through a descriptive-analytical method of the documentary type. This paper also considers the fundamental concepts of electrochemical remediation, considering the challenges facing this process, which leads to reduced efficiency. The removal of pollutants will examine the various techniques and technologies used in electrokinetic to improve the remediation efficiency. At the end of the research, future work to improve the electrokinetic is presented. According to the results of this paper, electrokinetic coupled with various detergents and chemical & biological oxidants greatly helps keep pollutants in solution form by adjusting soil pH. While increasing the efficiency of removing pollutants, and enabling a reduction in energy consumption. While the use of Geo-Synthetic materials reduces electrode corrosion significantly. Also, biological methods, while increasing biodegradability of disintegrating pollutants makes possible to convert electrokinetic into a green technology using a variety of environmentally eco-friendly adsorbent mixtures.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize the effective components in attracting and promoting the participation of NGOs in solid waste management in Tehran. Two statistical societies, including managers of NGOs and Waste Management Department of Tehran Municipality, were studied to study and analyze the factors affecting participation in waste management and ranking the options through questionnaires and decision matrix, respectively. The questionnaire was prepared on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 using factor analysis. The results were used as alternatives in multivariate decision making, including TOPSIS and ANP, and in the Expert selection software environment. The results of factor analysis showed that based on Kayser's criterion, five suitable components were detected that their specific value was more than 1. The first component had the highest share (21.551%), and the fifth component had the lowest percentage (10.446%) in explaining the variance of all variables. In total, the five components were able to estimate 71.56% of the variance of all variables. Based on the results of the network analysis process, the "Facilitation and Remedies of Legal Barriers" option (final weight of 232/0) has had the most significant impact on the participation of public organizations in waste management in Tehran. The distance between options with the ideal solution and the perfect solution picture showed that the First option with the least distance (0.554) had the most significant impact on the environmental, health and economic impact Implementation of the participation plan of NGOs in waste management in Tehran.

In the last few decades, the envir onm ent has always faced numerous threats and damage that put the human health and safety at risk. Such damages are due to human misconduct with Nature, which is rooted in his values and be liefs. Tehran subway is an important and effective part of the urban trans portation system, with many people active in this section. The present descriptive research in a survey me th od is aimed at identifying the relation ship between mass media and socio-economic variables with the environ ment -oriented attitude of Tehran Sub way staff. Using a random sampling method and according to Krejcie & Morgan table, 379 samples were sel ected out of the population included 9000 employees of Tehran Subway in the summer of 1395. The content validity of the questionnaire was confi rmed by the relevant professors and experts to this field and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of this study showed a significant negative relation ship between age and environmental attitudes. There is also a significant dif fer ence between the gender and the marital status of the people in relation to the environmental attitudes, while wo men and single individuals have a higher environmental attitude. There is also a significant positive relationship between using media and environ mental attitudes, meaning the more mass media use the higher environ mental attitude. The applied multi-variable regression showed that age, gender, marital status, employment status and average use of media are the elements effective on the environment-oriented attitudes of the Subway staff.

The purpose of this study is to design a curriculum pattern for environmental education for pre-primary school children and validate it from the viewpoint of specialists and educators. The curriculum of environmental education in the pre-school period includes curriculum objectives, curriculum content, curriculum teaching methods, and curriculum evaluation practices and the idea of integration was taken from Bahman Zandi's Language learning book (1394). This research, In terms of purpose, is applied, In terms of tools, it is a type of evaluation and the method of doing it is groundless. To determine the sample size required for designing the curriculum, a purposeful-judgment sampling was used from the statistical community of experts. The experts included curriculum specialists, the specialist in environmental education and kindergarten coaches. Also, the assessment and validation of the curriculum were based on the views of 45 coaches and managers of selected kindergartens in Rasht. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire which was designed based on the integrated curriculum design of environmental education and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. In this study, four sections of curriculum design, designed curriculum implementation, Determining the effectiveness of the educational intervention, assessment, and validation of the curriculum designed to be examined separately. After validating all the items, 25 items in the curriculum section, 26 items in the curriculum content section, 7 items in the curriculum teaching methods and 6 items in the curriculum evaluation practices were obtained Which totally includes 64 items.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between environmental attitudes and knowledge with behavioral intentions in Conservation of Environment with the Mediating role of tourist satisfaction and Perceived Benefit in Khar Turan National Park. Regarding the goal, the current research was practical and according to the method of data collection, it was considered descriptive - correlation. The study population was consist of all tourists who visited Khar Turan National Park. Participants were 200 tourists selected by using convenience sampling method. All of them completed questionnaire scales. Data analyzed by the path analysis. The results showed that environmental knowledge has a significant effect on tourist behavioral intentions in the conservation of the environment. Environmental knowledge by mediating perceived benefit didn’t have an indirect effect on tourist behavioral intentions in the conservation of the environment. Environmental knowledge by mediating perceived benefit and satisfaction had an indirect effect on tourist behavioral intentions in the conservation of Environment. Environmental attitude had a significant effect on tourist behavioral intentions in Conservation of the environment. Environmental attitude by mediating tourist satisfaction had an indirect effect on tourist's behavioral intentions in Conservation of the environment.In conclusion, environmental knowledge and environmental attitudescould directly affect the tourist behavioral intentions in Conservation of Environment.