فهرست مطالب

Psychology - Volume:11 Issue: 2, Summer-Fall 2017

International Journal of Psychology
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Summer-Fall 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Bijan Pirnia, Ali Soleimani, Maryam Teimouri, Elaheh Najafi Page 5
    In recent years, there has been a high concern on childhood disorders among experts and parents. A large number of therapeutic interventions were based on the direct interaction with the child's therapist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in children. This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bijan Substance Abuse Treatment Center in Tehran, Iran, from December 15, 2013, to November 20, 2014. Fifty children (N=50, aged between 4 and 6 years, and M = 5.2 ± .38) who achieved scores above the cut-off point based on DASS-21 questionnaire, were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. Parent-child interaction therapy was performed in terms of the independent variable for ten 45-minute sessions. The data was analyzed using chi-square and MANCOVA model. Also, the qualitative data, which resulted from the demographic evaluations, was coded and analyzed by instrument of analyzing qualitative data, Atlas.ti, Version 5.2. The results showed that CPRT had significantly reduced depression, anxiety and stress in children (p
    Keywords: Parent, child interaction therapy (PCIT), depression, anxiety, stress, randomized clinical trial (RCT)
  • Akram Khalifeh, Shahla Pezeshk, Maryam Sharifi Page 26
    Although clock drawing as a neuropsychological measure has proven to be sensitive to the executive functioning of graphomotor skills, visual–spatial perception, and verbal reasoning, its discriminatory pattern in learning disabilities (LDs) is unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the clock-drawing test (CDT) performance as a screening measure in children with LDs. The population of this descriptive study includes all students who have been diagnosed with a specific LD in Ahvaz, Tehran, and Yasooj, in Iran. The convenience sampling method was used to select 104 participants, aged 8–12 years, matched for age and type of LD. The primary data was collected using the CDT and the data analysis procedures included frequency, percentage, and mean. The test results showed that the most common problems of the students with LDs involved neglect in placing quadrant numbers, stemming from attention deficiency as well as cognitive distortion; the least common problem was drawing both the hour and the minute hands on the clock face. Moreover, the findings indicated that there is the possibility of frontal, temporal, and parietal injuries among these students. It can, therefore, be concluded that the CDT is useful for the early prediction of brain injuries. Clock drawing is thus recommended to be used as a screening method for the prediction, assessment, and treatment of children with LDs.
    Keywords: Learning Disabilities, Clock Face Drawing Test, Diagnosis
  • Akram Sadat Rezaei, Abdollah Shafiabadei, Mohammad Reza Falsafi Nejhad Page 48
    The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of training Savikas career construction on career decision making self-efficacy the unemployed jobseekers covered by unemployment insurance. The statistical study group of this research consisted of all unemployed jobseekers with diploma who were referred to job centers in Tehran. 30 of these people were selected randomly as the sample group and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants (experiment group using the SCCT educational approach and the control group). To collect our data, a career decision-making self-efficacy scale (Betz et al., 1996) was utilized. This research was an experimental study with pre-test and post-test and was followed along with the control group. The experimental group underwent six 90-minute training sessions based on the study approach. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants were measured before and after the intervention, and also after 1 month. The statistical analysis of data using multivariate analysis of covariance showed the adequate stability of the training program on the career decision-making self-efficacy even after 1 month. The participants in the experiment group had a significantly higher performance with a greater self-assessment than the control group based on all the components of the career decision-making self-efficacy, except for the planning component.
    Keywords: Savikas Career Construction Theory, career decision, making self, efficacy, unemployed jobseeker
  • Reza Abdi, Gholam Reza Chalbianloo, Razieh Pak Page 79
    Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the neurological disorders that occur along with the degeneration of the myelin sheath. The aim of present study was to investigate the moderating role of personality dimensions in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and multiple sclerosis severity in individuals suffering from MS. This research was a correlational study in which 162 patients with MS were selected as statistical samples by the purposive sampling method in the City of Shiraz. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and moderated regression. The findings revealed that brain-behavioral systems significantly predict MS severity (P
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Brain, Behavioral Systems, Personality Dimensions
  • Mahdieh Shafiee Tabar, Soghra Akbari Chermahini, Marzieh Sadat Sajadi Nezhad, Azar Nadi Page 102
    The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the prediction of the features of borderline personality disorder. In this descriptive correlation study, 378 students (187 males & 191 females) from the statistical population of all the students from Arak University during 2015 were selected through a cluster random sampling method. The students filled in the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Borderline Personality Scale. Data analysis was performed using correlation and regression analysis. The results indicated that the features of borderline personality disorder had a significant positive correlation with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a significant negative correlation with adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The regression analysis showed that the cognitive emotion regulation strategies could predict the features of borderline personality disorder in the university students. In general, it can be concluded that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies predicted higher levels of borderline personality disorder.
    Keywords: cognitive emotion regulation, borderline personality disorder, university student
  • Ateke Goshvarpour, Ataollah Abbasi, Atefeh Goshvarpour Page 126
    The goal of the current study was to examine gender-and-age related differences in physiological responses to different emotions. Applying a random sampling method, 47 college students (31 females and 16 males in the age ranges of 19–22 and 22–25 years) were chosen to participate in the study. Pictorial stimuli were selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and categorized into four emotional classes, including fear, relaxation, happiness, and sadness, based on their valence and arousal scores. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was recorded using a 16-channel Power Lab (manufactured by AD Instruments) when subjects were watching the affective pictures. Afterwards, morphological analysis of GSR was implemented and the Wilcoxon test was performed to show significant differences between the groups. Evaluation of differences between each affective state and rest period showed that all morphological features of GSR were valid pointers of affective states for both genders and age ranges, except for the amplitude. The gender-wise differences between each pair of emotional states indicate that fear is a unique emotional state that can be distinctly specific for women and for subjects within the age range of 19 to 22. In addition, it was found that younger women could easily recognize fear from other affective states, while older men can only distinguish between fear and happiness. It can be concluded that males and females not only differ in terms of affective physiological responses; their reactions also differ depending on their age.
    Keywords: Age, Emotions, Galvanic Skin Response, Gender, Analysis
  • Soran Rajabi, Neda Nikpoor Page 152
    The aim of this study is to determine how emotional intelligence and early schemas are correlated with the love trauma syndrome. To this end, a predictive correlation method was used. The research sample included 344 young men and women, aged 18–29, in Boushehr. They were selected through a multistage sampling method. The instruments were Schutte’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Young’s Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (short form), and Dehghani’s Love Trauma Syndrome Inventory. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that all the components of early maladaptive schemas and emotional intelligence (EI), except emotional exploitation, had a significant correlation with the love trauma syndrome. In addition, the results of the multivariate regression analysis indicated a significant contribution of social self-alienation, emotional exploitation, poor self-restraint, and vulnerability to loss in predicting love trauma syndrome among young females. It was also noted that mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, poor self-control, and strict standards were the strong predictors of love trauma syndrome among young males. The results of the study also suggested that 40% of the variances in love trauma syndrome among young females and 54% of the variances in love trauma syndrome among young males can be explained by emotional intelligence and early maladaptive schemas.
    Keywords: love trauma syndrome, early maladaptive schemas, emotional intelligence
  • Reza Khojasteh Mehr, Mehri Kavand, Mansour Soudani Page 175
    What roles do sacrificing behaviors play in marital life? Does perception of equity influence the association between sacrificing behaviors and marital intimacy? To examine how sacrificing behaviors, perception of equity, and marital intimacy are connected, we had a sample of 140 married couples (140 females and 140 males) complete three measures—the Measure of Equity Perception (MEP), the Perception of Sacrifice Measure (PSM), and the Intimacy Scale (IS). The results showed a significant relationship between equity perception, sacrificing behaviors and marital intimacy. The results also indicated that the relation of sacrificing behaviors with marital intimacy was higher for women with higher equity perception than for women with lower equity perception, whereas this interaction did not occur for men. The implications of the interaction and the gender difference, as well as the importance of enhancing sacrificing behaviors and equity perceptions, are discussed.
    Keywords: equity perception, sacrificing behaviors, marital intimacy
  • Omid Isanejad, Shirin Azimifar, Seid Ahmad Ahmadi Page 196
    The aim of this study was to clarify the influences of marital quality and its dimensions on the health related quality of life. Marriage is one of the most significant social relationships in which individuals engage. Therefore, the most important contextual factor influencing the health related quality of life is marital quality. The research population consisted of all married people of Isfahan city in 2014, which had children in elementary-school and at least had secondary school education. The participants were 338 people, who were randomly selected from the parents of elementary school pupils in Isfahan using cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study were the revised dyadic adjustment scale (RDAS), the marital happiness scale (MHS), and the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF. The adjusted coefficient of determination (∆R2) between components of marital quality and physical health, psychological health, and social relations was obtained as equal to .57, .30, and .22, respectively, all of which were significant. This coefficient of relationship between components of marital quality and environmental health was obtained as equal to .001, which is not significant. Also, the results showed that gender played a moderator role in the effects of marital quality on physical and psychological health. The findings showed that marital quality is an important factor to estimate the health related quality of life.
    Keywords: marital quality, health related quality of life, physical health, psychological health, social relations, environmental health
  • Fatemeh Rangamize Toosi, Faranak Saboonchi, Zahra Mousavimoghadam, Mehdi Rostami Page 219
    Child abuse means a behavior in which a child faces a variety of physical and sexual abuse, negligence, and emotional misbehavior. The present study’s aim was to examine the relationship between childhood abuse experience and the high-risk behavior of adolescent girls in Islamshahr in Tehran. This research is cross-sectional (descriptive–analytic). The subjects chosen for this study were secondary schoolgirls studying in the 2013/2014 school year in Islamshahr. They were selected from high school cluster 2. In each high school, four classes were chosen at random. The sample consisted of 300 individuals, and the data were collected in accordance with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and Iranian young adults’ risk-taking questionnaire (IARS). The Pearson’s correlation and dependence, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the total abuse score had a significant positive correlation with that of risk-taking. A meaningful positive relationship was found between the emotional abuse subscale and driving dangerously, violence, smoking, and drug and alcohol abuse, the physical abuse subscale with violence and alcohol abuse, the sexual abuse subscale with driving dangerously, violence, smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, and friendliness with the opposite sex, and the negligence subscale with driving dangerously, violence, smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, friendliness with the opposite sex, and having dangerous sexual relationships and behaviors. They also showed that emotional abuse could not predict any risk-taking subscales, but physical abuse predicted drug abuse and friendship with the opposite sex. Sexual abuse predicted violence, drug abuse, and friendship with the opposite sex, and the negligence subscale predicted dangerous driving, violence, drug abuse, friendship with the opposite sex, and sexual relations and behavior. The results of this study showed that the teenagers who have experienced such negative events have a tendency of demonstrating high risk-taking behavior.
    Keywords: Abuse, Risk, taking, Adolescent Girls