فهرست مطالب

Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases - Volume:10 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Hafez Fakheri, Mehdi Saber Firoozi, Zohreh Bari Pages 5-17
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting almost half of the world’s population. It is associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma. In Iran, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has been reported to be between 36% and 90% in different geographic regions.
    Several studies have assessed the efficacy of different therapeutic options for first-line and second-line H. pylori eradication in Iran; however, the results are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a review to evaluate different studies in order to select the best options and to provide recommendations for H. pylori eradication in Iran. Accordingly, we searched through PubMed to obtain relevant randomized clinical trials published in English language up to June 2017.
    According to our study, among first-line eradication regimens, bismuth-based furazolidone- or clarithromycin-containing quadruple therapies, hybrid regimen, and concomitant therapy seem to be appropriate options. Also, 10- or 14-day clarithromycin-containing triple therapy can be used if local H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin is known to be less than 15%.
    For second-line H. pylori eradication, bismuth-based quadruple therapies and 14-day levofloxacin-based triple therapy can be used, provided that antibiotics other than those used in the first-line regimen are used. Third-line H. pylori eradication regimens have not been addressed in Iranian studies. However, most guidelines recommend treatment according to the results of culture and susceptibility testing.
    Although we limited our investigation to H. pylori eradication regimens in Iran, the results are transferrable to any region as long as the patterns of antibiotic resistance are the same.
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Eradication, Iran
  • Hooria Momenzadeh, Mitra Mirzai, Zahra Jowkar, Bita Geramizadeh Pages 18-23
    Background
    Incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in countries such as Iran. Molecular biomarkers play very important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this cancer. Mutation in the RAS family (including KRAS and NRAS) is one of these important molecular biomarkers, which should be tested before starting treatment with anti-EGRF (Epidermal growth factor) drugs.
    Objectives
    There has been very few reports about the frequency of NRAS mutation from Iran and no study from south of the country. In this article we will describe our experience about the frequency of NRAS mutation in colorectal cancers from the largest referral center in the south of Iran.
    Methods
    During 5 years (2011-2015), we had 52 cases of colorectal cancers with wild type KRAS and BRAF in the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with enough tissue for molecular studies. NRAS mutation analysis was performed on paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissue of these cases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing method.
    Results
    Among these 52 cases of colorectal cancer with wild type KRAS and BRAF, there has been 3 (5.7%) cases with mutant NRAS. One of the mutations has been in codon 12 and two in codon 61. No mutation in codon 13 was found. All the three cases were women with stage IV and well differentiated histomorphology.
    Conclusion
    Our results showed that frequency of NRAS mutation in colorectal cancer is rare, which is very close to other studies from different geographic areas of the world.
    Keywords: Gene Mutation, Colorectal Cancers, Molecular biomarkers
  • Seyed Masih Fatemi, Abbas Doosti, Dariush Shokri, Sadegh Ghorbani-Danili, Morteza Molazadeh, Hossein Tavakoli, Mohammad Minakari, Hamid Tavakkoli Pages 24-30
    Background
    Cholecystitis is a common surgical condition. Recently, several authors have reported that DNA of bile tolerant Helicobacter spp. has been found in the human bile colonizing the biliary tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of Helicobacter spp. and gallstone cholecystitis.
    Methods
    In this case-control study, gallstones, bile, and gallbladder mucosa were collected from 25 patients without gallstone disease, 24 with acute cholecystitis, and 28 with chronic cholecystitis. The presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Helicobacter bilis (H. bilis), Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus), and Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers.
    Result
    In this study, 77 subjects with acute and chronic cholecystitis and control groups with a mean age of 46.85±14.53 years, including 58 (67.25%) women and 19 (32.75%) men were included. DNA of 10 Helicobacter spp. was detected in the bile of the patients with cholecystitis including eight H. pylori and two H. bilis. However, we could not detect H. hepaticus and H. pullorum DNA in the samples. Moreover, there was an association between H. pylori and acute cholecystitis (p=0.048), which was found to be stronger in 31-40-year-olds group (p=0.003).
    Conclusion
    We found an association between the presence of H. pylori DNA and acute gallstone cholecystitis. There is not statistically significant correlation between three enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. (H. bilis, H. hepaticus, and H. pullorum) and cholelithiasis. Given the low sample size of the patients, more studies are required to clear the clinical role of Helicobacter spp. in the gallstone disease and cholecystitis.
    Keywords: H. pylori, H. bilis, H. heopaticus, H. pullorum, Gallstone, Cholecystitis
  • Seyed Mohsen Dehghani, Maryam Bahmanyar, Hazhir Javaherizadeh Pages 31-34
    Background
    Caustic ingestion is one of the most important injuries during childhood, which leads to serious sequel. In this study, we evaluated the clinical manifestations, endoscopic appearance, complications, and treatment results in patients with caustic ingestion in our hospital.
    Methods
    Hospital chart of patients with caustic ingestion who admitted to Nemazee Teaching Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during a 2-year period (2015-2016) were reviewed retrospectively. The age, sex, nature of the caustic agent, clinical presentations, grade of injury in endoscopy, degree of parents’ education, site of ingestion, accidental or intentional attempts, complications, and outcomes were reviewed.
    Results
    In this study the charts of 41 patients (26 boys and 15 girls) with caustic ingestion over the 2-year period were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 4.4 year. Of them, 95.1% had ingested the materials accidentally, and 2 (4.9%) patients had ingested unknown substances for suicidal attempt. Of all cases, 68.3% of caustic ingestion occurred in the kitchen. 19 (46.3%) agents were acidic substances and 17 (41.5%) were alkali agents. 5 (12.1%) patients ingested unknown substances. 24.3% of the patients were asymptomatic and the most common presentation was drooling (34.14%). 26.8% of the patients had dysphagia, and 24.3% presented with oral ulcer. 7.3% had abdominal pain, 4.8% had fever, and 2.4% had hematemesis. 14 (34.1%) patients had normal feature, 6 (14.6%) had grade I injury, 12 (29.3%) had grade II injury, and 8 (19.5%) had grade III injury in endoscopic evaluation.
    Conclusion
    Most of the caustic ingestion occurred in kitchen. Male was the dominant sex in the caustic injury.
    Keywords: Caustic, Esophageal Dilatation, Esophagus
  • Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, Zahra Badiei, Hamid Reza Sima, Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam, Meysam Habibi, Mohsen Khamooshi, Ahmad Azimi Pages 35-39
    Background
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered to be the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis in patients with thalassemia. We aimed to determine the HCV prevalence, genotypes, and viral load among patients with major β-thalassemia in Thalassemia-Hemophilia Center of Mashhad (Sarvar Clinic), Iran.
    Methods
    Medical records of all 550 patients with major β-thalassemia were reviewed in a third-level hospital from October to November 2011. Plasma samples of the patients were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine viral genotype and HCV RNA titer.
    Results
    HCV antibodies were detected in 37 individuals (6.73%) including 17 men and 20 women with mean age of 25.2±8.4 years. The PCR analysis was performed for 27 patients, of whom HCV RNA was detected in 17 patients (63.0%). Viral titers were investigated in 14 subjects and a high viral load more than 600 000 copies/ mL was observed in 6 patients (42.9%). The most prevalent genotypes were 3a (50.0%) followed by 1a (37.5%). No significant correlation was found between genotype and age, sex, serum ferritin, liver tests, and HCV RNA titer.
    Conclusions
    HCV infection among patients with thalassemia is more common than general population in Mashhad, northeast Iran. The dominant HCV subtype is 3a followed by 1a. These findings could help health authorities to provide preventive measures, and practitioners to choose the right protocol of treatment for the patients.
    Keywords: Hepatitis C, Genotype, Prevalence, Viral load, Beta, Thalassemia, Iran
  • Afsaneh Bazgir, Mehdi Agha Gholizadeh, Ayyoob Khosravi, Nader Mansour Samaei Pages 40-44
    Background
    The association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in several populations. However, the findings are controversial. The aim of this study was to address the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC in an Iranian population.
    Methods
    We have evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and HCC in 151 Iranian individuals (50 patients with HCC and 101 healthy matched controls) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method.
    Results
    Significant association was found for the XRCC1 A allele and HCC [OR=1.93, 95% CI (1.16-3.25), P=0.0099]. Also, genotype analysis by SNPStats online software showed a significant association between XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and HCC under co-dominant, dominant, and recessive genetic models.
    Conclusion
    Our study provides evidence that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with the risk of HCC development in Iranian population.
    Keywords: X-ray repair cross, complementing group 1, XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism, Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Reza F.Saidi, Seyed Mohammad Kazemaini, Reza Malekzadeh Pages 45-49
    Liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving procedure and the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease (ESLD). There is increasing number of patients with ESLD in Iran. There is a need to expand and develop new centers to provide better access to LT for patients with ESLD in Iran. This review will address current and future challenges for LT in Iran.
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, Cirrhosis, Viral infections
  • Kyrillus S. Shohdy, Wegdan Rashad, Ahmed Elmeligui Pages 50-54
    Skin manifestations can herald, co-exist, or follow the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report a middle-aged man with recent onset alopecia universalis and a history of intermittent diarrheal attacks for 6 years. Colonscopy and biopsy sampling confirmed ulcerative colitis. Regrowth of hair was achieved by treating the patient with azathioprine and mesalamine. Clinicians have to be aware that a multitude of skin manifestations with history of diarrhea can be an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD such as ulcerative colitis and this warrants further investigation.
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, Alopecia universalis, Azathioprine
  • Behrooz Afshar, Anahita Sadeghi, Mohammad Amani, Ali Ali Asgari Pages 55-58
    Lipoid proteinosis is a rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by progressive deposition of hyaline material in the skin, mucous membrane, and different organs of the body, resulting in a multitude of clinical manifestations. A 34-year-old female presented with hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, eyelid beading, and acneiform scars on the facial skin and extremities. The patient was diagnosed clinically as a case of Lipoid proteinosis, which was confirmed by laryngeal biopsy. The objective of the present work is to describe this rare entity. This case report also illustrates that Lipoid proteinosis may show protean clinical features and yet may remain undiagnosed for many years.
    Keywords: Acneiform scars, eyelid beading, hoarseness of voice, hyaline material, dysphagia