فهرست مطالب

Veterinary Research Forum - Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Veterinary Research Forum
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 14
|
  • Saeed Ataei Kachooei *, Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, Saba Ataei Kachooei Pages 179-184
    Members of gram-negative bacteria family Pasteurellaceae, include a large number of important economically human and veterinary pathogens. Organisms belonging to the family can colonize in mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, alimentary, genital tracts and cause diseases in various mammals, birds, and reptiles. Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute disease of cattle and buffaloes in tropical countries caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. In the present study, the possible bactericidal activity of immune calf sera in the presence and absence of complement system was investigated. The results showed that P. multocida B:2 is highly resistant to positive serum, containing high levels of IgG and IgM obtained from calves after vaccination, and complement activity in normal fresh calf serum. This organism also grew rapidly in the normal fresh calf serum and the mixture of positive serum as well as normal fresh calf serum. As a control test an E. coli strain was subjected to the same experiment and found completely sensitive to the bactericidal activity of complement in calf and guinea pig fresh sera. Results were indicative of the presence of inhibitory mechanism(s) in P. multocida B:2 against bactericidal activity of immune calf serum and complement system.
    Keywords: Cattle, Complement, Hemorrhagic septicemia, Pasteurella
  • Belal Pashaie, Rahim Hobbenaghi *, Hassan Malekinejad Pages 185-193
    Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a perennial plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine in many countries. In the present study, anti-atherosclerotic property of ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was investigated in the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In this study, 36 male Wistar rats were selected and allocated into six groups (n = 6). The control group received a normal diet, sham group received a high cholesterol diet (HCD; 1.50% cholesterol and 24.00% fat) and other groups received a HCD and ethanolic extract of C. dactylon at low (100 mg kg-1), moderate (200 mg kg-1) and maximum (400 mg kg-1) doses via gavages. The last group received atorvastatin (10 mg kg-1) through gavage with a HCD. The study period for all groups was six months. At the end of this period, parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in the blood samples. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on coronary and aorta arteries sections were performed. The results showed an increase in vessels wall thickness and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the HCD group, while these pathological changes were not seen in C. dactylon-treated groups. Treatment of HCD animals with C. dactylon positively changed lipid profile by lowering of TC, TG and LDL-C. The results indicate that C. dactylon prevents from early atherosclerotic changes in the vessels wall.
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cynodon dactylon, Hypercholesterolemia, Lipid profile
  • Yousef Saadat, Mohammad Hassan Bozorgmehri Fard*, Saied Charkhkar, Hossein Hosseini, Nariman Shaikhi, Bijan Akbarpour Pages 195-201
    The aim of this study was to provide information on the molecular characteristic and the phylogenic relationship of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) strains in Bushehr province in comparison to other strains reported in the Middle East. Samples were collected from broiler flocks in Bushehr province during 2014 - 2015. These flocks had respiratory problems such as gasping, sneezing and bronchial rales. A number of 135 tracheal swabs were taken from fifteen flocks (nine swabs per flock). Each three swabs collected from each flock were pooled in one tube (finally, we had three tubes for each flock). The samples were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products of positive samples were analyzed by sequencing of a (392 bp) segment of the spike gene and the related results were compared with the other IBV sequences in GenBank database. Samples from twelve farms (80.0%) were found to be positive. The viruses from seven farms (46.6%) were identified as field viruses closely related to variant 2. The viruses from three farms (20.0%) were characterized as Mass type and were related to vaccine strains. Two different IB viruses (variant 2 and Mass) were detected in samples from two farms (13.3%). The variant 2 genotype detected in Bushehr had high similarity to variant 2 reported from the Middle East.These variants displayed homologies ranging from 72.9% to 76.5%, and 78.8% to 80.0% with H120 and 4/91, respectively. It is necessary to design vaccination program of poultry farms using IBV strains circulating in the region.
    Keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus, Massachusetts, RT-PCR, Variant 2
  • Alireza Jolazadeh, Tahereh Mohammadabadi * Pages 203-208
    This experiment was conducted to study the effects of various amounts of treated sunflower meal (SFM) with extracted tannins from pistachio hulls on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation in ruminants. The SFM was treated with pistachio extract concentrate (PEC), which contained 111.40 g kg-1 total phenol and 71.30 g kg-1 total tannin per dry matter of extract, at six experimental treatment levels of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 g PEC per 100 g SFM on a dry matter basis. In vitro gas production, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and fermentative parameters of samples were measured. The PEC had no effect on fermentation rate, but asymptotic gas production was linearly decreased with increasing dose of extract. All fermentation parameters (i.e., apparent degraded substrate, short chain fatty acids, gas yield at 24 hr, partitioning factor at 96 hr, IVOMD, ME and microbial protein production (MP) linearly decreased with increasing PEC treatment. Inclusion of PEC linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), total protozoa population and pH in the all incubation times. In conclusion, the addition of PEC positively modified some rumen parameters such as NH3-N concentration and protozoa population.
    Keywords: Fermentation, Gas production, Pistachio hull, Sunflower meal, Tannin
  • Fereshteh Yazdani, Mehran Bakhshesh*, Majid Esmaelizad, Zohre Azita Sadigh Pages 209-213
    Bovine ephemeral fever is an acute and arthropod-borne viral disease of cattle and water buffalo which occurs seasonally in most of the world tropical and subtropical regions. The epizootic feature of the disease has been reported in Iran with serious economic consequences. The surface glycoprotein G of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is composed of 4 antigenic sites (G1-G4) and plays the main role for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. The G1 – epitope is a linear antigenic site and conserved among BEFV strains. In order to develop an ELISA test based on G1-epitope as coating antigen, this study was carried out to express the recombinant G1-epitope of BEFV in prokaryotic system. Using PCR and specific primers, a length of 88 amino acid of the G glycoprotein of BEFV including G1- epitope was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pGEX-4T-1, with the GST moiety. The recombinant plasmid (pGEX-4T-1-G1) was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and expression of fusion protein was induced by 0.10 mM IPTG. The maximum expression of the fusion protein was obtained at 16 hr post induction as verified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and it was also confirmed that this protein bearing G1- epitope is sufficiently biologically active to bind to anti-BEFV serum in western blot experiment.
    Keywords: BEFV, Escherichia coli, ELISA, G1- Epitope
  • Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi, Farhang Tirgir *, Yousef Valizadeh Pages 215-221
    Application of smoke condensate derived from an indirect heating of jennet feces (Sargin) had been recommended by Iranian ancient scientists as a therapeutic agent. The present study was done to evaluate the healing effects of Guajol® ointment on burn wound in rat. The Guajol® ointment was prepared from the smoke condensate of Sargin samples. Wistar Rats (n = 50) were randomized into six groups including normal saline, silver sulfadiazine and 1.25%, 2.50%, 5.00% and 10.00% concentrations of Guajol® ointment. Under general anesthesia, dorsum of the rats were shaved and burn wounds were created using hot plate. Area of wounds and percent of healing were measured. Normal saline had the highest area of wound, followed by 1.25% Guajol® and silver-sulfadiazine groups. The group treated with 5.00% Guajol® showed the highest percent of healing. Percent of healing in NS, SSD and 5.00% Guajol® ointment groups on day 21 were 38.47%, 75.00% and 98.51%, respectively. Microscopic examination of wounds sections of rats treated with 5.00% Guajol® showed more collagen fibers and fibroblasts cells on day 7. Wounds of 5.00% Guajol® treated group was covered with healthy epithelial and epidermis tissues and hair follicles on day 21. This was the first report of using Sargin to heal the burn wound of rat. Further studies are recommended for investigation of the other effects of Guajol® ointment and its possible application in medicine.
    Keywords: Burn wound healing, Guajol® ointment, Jennet feces, Rat
  • Ali Ehsani, Omar Alizadeh, Mohammad Hashemi *, Asma Afshari, Majid Aminzare Pages 223-229
    Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils with considerable antimicrobial properties.The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica essential oils (EOs). The identification of chemical constituents of the EOs was carried out using gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry analysis and antimicrobial activity of the EOs was evaluated by disc diffusion assay as well as determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration against four important food-borne bacteria: Salmonella typhimorium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity of the EOs was also determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and β-carotene bleaching tests. The major compounds of D. moldavica were geranial (28.52%), neral (21.21%), geraniol (19.60%), geranyl acetate (16.72%) and the major compounds of M. officinalis EO were citronellal (37.33%), thymol (11.96%), citral (10.10%) and β-caryophyllene (7.27%). The underlying results indicated strong antimicrobial effects of the oils against tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus with the lowest MIC value (0.12 mg mL-1) for both EOs was the most sensitive bacterium, although, antibacterial effect of M. officinalis EO was stronger than D. moldavica. In addition, the results of the antioxidant activity showed that both EOs had notable antioxidant properties. In conclusion, both EOs are appropriate alternatives as potential sources of natural preservative agents with the aim of being applied in food industries.
    Keywords: ?-carotene bleaching tests, Dracocephalum moldavica, Melissa officinalis, Micro dilution
  • Reza Sayrafi *, Navideh Mirzakhani, Reza Mobaseri Pages 231-236
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the turmeric in comparison to vitamin E on bursal damages induced by salinomycin in broiler chickens. In this study, forty one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1- basal diet as control, 2- basal diet plus salinomycin, 3- basal diet plus salinomycin (SLM) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and 4- basal diet plus salinomycin and turmeric powder. The chicks were treated for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the bursal tissues were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological studies. Light microscopic observations showed that, SLM diminished cortex thickness of bursal tissue, enhanced its medulla zone and caused severe lymphocytic necrosis. In addition, SLM led to fibrosis of interstitium along with sever edema of medulla zone in the bursal tissue of the chicken. Administration of Vit. E and TP significantly inhibited the SLM-induced derangements and comparing the Vit. E and TP showed no significant differences. The results of this study indicated that the turmeric may protect bursa of Fabricius against toxicity induced by salinomycin in chicks.
    Keywords: Bursa of Fabricius, Chick, Salinomycin, Turmeric, Vitamin E
  • Naeimeh Simaei, Farhad Soltanalineja *, Gholamreza Najafi, Ali Shalizar Jalali Pages 237-241
    The middle ear ossicles are important due to transmission of sound to the inner ear leading to sound understanding. The aim of present study was to determine the anatomical and morphometrical aspects of middle ear ossicles in Makouei sheep fetuses. For this experimental study, eight sheep fetuses at the age of 2 to 3 months were provided from public slaughterhouse; their middle ear ossicles were removed from tympanic cavity subsequently and assessed anatomically using stereomicroscope. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used. The results showed that rostral process of malleus doesn’t exist, but an osseous lamina extending to the tympanic bulla and tympanic ring is located in this place. Moreover, lenticular bone and muscular process of stapes weren’t found. These findings were similar to the other animal’s ossicles anatomical features, but there were also some differences that can be useful for study of these ossicles developmental evolution.
    Keywords: Anatomy, Fetus, Middle ear, Ossicle, Sheep
  • Vida Sadat Kazemein Jasemi, Firooz Samadi, Hussein Eimani *, Saeed Hasani, Rouhollah Fathi, Abdolhossein Shahverdi, Fatemeh Shahi Sadrabadi Pages 243-249
    This study was designed to investigate the effects of applying 1 mT static magnetic field (SMF) during the vitrification process, on the viability of ovarian follicles after vitrification-warming and autotransplantation. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, ovaries of female NMRI mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: 1- Freshly isolated ovaries fixed in Bouin solution (control group), 2- Ovaries vitrified-warmed without exposure to magnetic field (V1 group) and 3- Ovaries exposed to magnetic field during equilibration step of the vitrification process (V2 group). In the second phase, the vitrified (V1 and V2 groups) and fresh ovarian tissues were autografted into the back muscles of the mice from which the ovaries were extracted. In both phases, morphological aspects and molecular characteristics of active-apoptotic caspase-3 antibody were evaluated. Results indicated the lower percentages of morphologically intact primordial, primary and antral follicles in the V1 group (67.6, 49.5 and 17.6%, respectively) than those of control (97.3, 85.4 and 42.1%, respectively) and V2 (94.1, 78.8 and 40.9%, respectively) groups. In addition, the mean percentages of morphologically intact follicles in the V1 group were statistically lower than those in other groups, after transplantation. The rate of apoptosis in preantral follicles of the V1 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. It was concluded that exposure of mice ovaries to SMF during vitrification resulted in greater resistance to injuries.
    Keywords: Apoptosis, Autotransplantation, Magnetic field, Mouse, Ovarian vitrification
  • Hossein Hassanpour *, Valiallah Khalaji-Pirbalouty, Manoochehr Adibi, Hassan Nazari Pages 251-257
    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors of transcription factors composed of three family members: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of PPARs in the estradiol production via follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the ovine Sertoli cells. At the first step, transcripts of PPARα, PPARβ /δ and PPARγ were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the ovine Sertoli cells in vitro after FSH treatment. PPARγ transcript was increased in FSH-treated cells while PPARα and PPAR β /δ transcripts were unchanged. At the second step, Pioglitazone as PPARγ agonist and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662) as PPARγ antagonist were used in the FSH-treated Sertoli cells and then, the estradiol production and aromatase transcript were evaluated. Aromatase transcript was increased by pioglitazone in the FSH-treated Sertoli cells while GW9662 did not change its transcript. The estradiol production was increased by low concentrations of pioglitazone in FSH-treated Sertoli cells while the production of this hormone was decreased by the high concentration of Pioglitazone. The GW9662 did not change the production of estradiol in FSH-treated Sertoli cells. It is concluded that FSH regulates the estradiol production and aromatase expression in a way independently of PPARβ/δ and PPARα activation, although FSH increases the transcript of PPARγ and in this way, it could affect (mostly increase) aromatase transcript and estradiol production. Probably, this effect of FSH in the estradiol production via PPARγ is only a servo-assist mechanism which if it was inhibited, the estradiol production was not considerably affected.
    Keywords: Aromatase, Estradiol, PPAR, Sertoli cell, Sheep
  • Farhad Hajializadeh, Hasan Ghahri *, Alireza Talebi Pages 259-264
    This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium nanoparticles (nano-Cr) on the performance and immune function of broilers under heat stress condition. A total of 320 Ross 308 broiler chicks (from 21 to 42 days) were assigned randomly into eight treatment groups (four replicates per treatment, and 10 chicks per replicate) and be reared at either thermoneutral (21 ˚C) or heat stress (36 ◦C). The treatments were control (T1) group without supplementation and heat stress, T2 as a heat stress group without supplementation, T3, T4 and T5 groups which were supplemented with 500, 1000 and 1500 ppb CrPic in diet with heat stress, respectively and T6, T7 and T8 groups which were supplemented with 500, 1000 and 1500 ppb nano-chromium in diet under heat stress, respectively. Supplementation of chromium and nano-chromium improved performance including weight gain and feed conversion ratio of heat-stressed chickens. Antibody titers against avian influenza (AI) and infectious bronchitis (IB) at 21 to 42 days of age in broilers fed supplemental chromium and nano-chromium were higher than broiler chickens fed control diet (p
    Keywords: Avian influenza, Chromium, Heat stress, Infectious bronchitis, Nano-chromium
  • Moosa Javdani, Mohammad Hashemnia *, Zahra Nikousefat, Mohammad Ghasemi Pages 265-268
    Osteoma is an uncommon bone tumor in avian species and other animals. A 2-year-old male canary (Serinus canaria) with a history of an oval mass in the left wing for several months was examined. Radiographs showed a radio-opaque mass. Upon the bird’s owner request, the canary was euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. The histopathologic examination revealed numerous trabeculae consisting of both woven and lamellar bone covered by one to several rows of normal osteoblasts. The trabeculae were closely packed, having only small intertrabecular spaces which contained proliferating osteoblasts, sinusoids and myeloid tissue. Based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings, the mass was diagnosed as extraskeletal osteoma. To the best of authors’ knowledge, extraskeletal osteoma has not been reported in in avian species so far, and this is the first report of osteoma tumor in the birds. However, benign tumors of bones are extremely rare in the birds, osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the birds with bone lesions.
    Keywords: Avian, Canary (Serinus canaria), Extraskeletal osteoma, Histopathology
  • Ghasem Farjanikish *, Azizollah Khodakaram-Tafti, Omid Dezfoulian Pages 269-273
    Astrocytoma as one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors is rarely reported in veterinary literature. A 7-year-old Persian Lori-Bakhtiari ewe was presented to the clinic with a two months history of progressive blindness, nystagmus to the right, bilaterally decreased pupillary reflexes, head pressing and paddling. At necropsy, a whitish well-circumscribed mass with dimensions of 3.50×2.50×1.50 cm was observed in the dorsal parietal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere. Microscopically, the mass was well-circumscribed and highly cellular, consisted of round to elongated cells with scant and vacuolated cytoplasm with few, flaccid processes. The nuclei were round to oval with densely stippled chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemical analyses showed positive staining for vimentin, S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Definitive diagnosis of cerebral protoplasmic astrocytoma was made on the basis of the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. This type of neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesions in the sheep.
    Keywords: Astrocytoma, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Sheep