International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Feb 2018

Considering how many people obtain information about their health online, the aim of this study was to describe the content of the currently most widely viewed YouTube videos related to concussions and to test the hypothesis that consumer videos would be anecdotal, while
other sources would be more informational.
The term “concussion” was used to search for videos with 100,000 or more views on YouTube that were posted in English or Spanish. Descriptive information about each video was recorded, as was information on whether certain content was conveyed during the video. The main outcome measures are sources of upload and content of videos.
Consumer videos accounted for 48% of the videos, television based accounted for 50% of the videos, and internet based accounted for only 2% of the videos. None of the videos viewed fell into the professional category. Television based videos were viewed signifcantly more than consumer or internet based videos. Consumer and television based videos were equally anecdotal. Many of the videos focused on adolescents and were related to sports injuries. The majority of the videos (70.4%) addressed concussion causes, with 48% stating sports. Few videos discussed symptoms of concussion and prevention.
The potential for widespread misinformation necessitates caution when obtaining information on concussion on a freely accessible and editable medium, such as YouTube.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which has no any known defnitive treatment. Studies have shown that thyroid hormones (THs) in addition to their roles in the development of the nervous system and the production of myelin have important roles in the adult’s brain function. Since the only way to treat MS is the restoration of myelin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of levothyroxine on visual evoked potential (VEP) impairment following local injections of lysolecithin into the rat optic chiasm.
To induce demyelination, lysolecithin was injected into the optic chiasm of male Wistar rats. VEP recording was used to evaluate demyelination and remyelination before and 10, 17, and 24 days after the
lysolecithin injection. The rats received an intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine with doses 20, 50, and 100 μg/kg in different experimental groups.
VEP latency and amplitude showed demyelination at 10 and 17 days after an induced lesion in MS group which was reversed at day 24. Levothyroxine prevented these impairments, especially in high doses.
According to the results, lysolecithin‑induced demyelination at optic chiasm and VEP impairments can be restored by administration of levothyroxine. Therefore, THs probably have positive effects in demyelinating diseases.

Considering all the latest achievements in neonatal respiratory care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still among the most prevalent morbidity causes in premature infants. Involvement in this process results in longer period of hospitalization for the newborn and in the long run makes the living conditions more diffcult. Taking the multifactorial pathogenesis into account, approaches to tackle chronic lung disease (CLD) are mainly focused on interventions and prevention procedures. This study tries to investigate the potential capability of inhaled budesonide in the prevention of BPD in newborns with gestational age of This study was a randomized clinical trial done on seventy newborns with gestational ages of 23–28 weeks with RDS in Isfahan Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital from June 2014 to April 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention with budesonide and control. There were 35 newborns in each group. Upon recording demographic characteristics, the newborns in two groups were compared based on the length of noninvasive ventilation, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, the number of surfactant administrations, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), CLD, and death.
The length of the need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure showed no statistically signifcant difference between the groups (P = 0.54). The number of newborns who needed invasive mechanical ventilation also revealed no meaningful difference (P = 0.14). Similarly,
the number of newborns who were characterized as affected by CLD also showed no signifcant difference between the groups (P = 0.053). Moreover, the number of newborns who experienced pneumothorax was not signifcantly different for the groups (P = 0.057). The number of newborns
who received three administrations of surfactant had also no statistically meaningful difference between the groups (P = 0.69). However, the number of newborns who received two doses of surfactant was statistically lower in budesonide intervention group than the control (P = 0.041).
The prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage with degrees of I, II, and III also showed no statistically meaningful difference between the groups with P = 0.74, 0.32, and 0.49, respectively. The occurrence of PDA had no meaningful difference between the groups (P = 0.66). Relative death cases also revealed no signifcant difference between the groups (P = 0.53).
The current study revealed a decrease in CLD prevalence for newborns in interventional group; however, this decrease was not statistically meaningful. The newborns, in the intervention group, who had received two doses of surfactant (survanta) showed a signifcant decrease, which can be the basis for further research in this feld.

We evaluated the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) inhalation, as verifed by urinary cotinine levels, and bone health.
We analyzed the nationwide, population‑based, cross‑sectional health survey. We included 1936 men aged 50 years or older who checked bone mineral density (BMD) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2010). Current smokers assessed by urinary cotinine levels higher than 500 ng/mL were excluded (n = 616). Exposure to SHS was determined using a 50 ng/mL urinary cotinine threshold.
The estimated prevalence of SHS exposure in our cohort was 13.9%. After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), T‑scores at total femur (P Our fndings suggest that SHS exposure, determined by urinary cotinine levels, is negatively associated with BMD and is a leading cause of impaired bone health in Korean men.

Maternal thrombophilia has been identifed as a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prothrombin G20210A and factor V Leiden (FVL) polymorphisms in women with RPL and a control group of parous women in Isfahan province of Iran.
We studied 250 women with idiopathic RPL and 116 control cases. Prothrombin and FVL different genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization technique.
The frequencies of heterozygous mutation prothrombin G20210A were 6% and 0.9%, respectively (P = 0.025), in cases compared to the control group. The frequencies of homozygous mutation prothrombin G20210A were 0.4% and 0%, respectively, in cases compared to controls (P = 0.02). The prothrombin mutation was signifcantly higher in cases compared to the control group (odds ratio 8.81; 95% confdence interval: 1.16–66.62). There was no signifcant difference between the FVL mutation and pregnancy loss.
The results indicated a signifcant higher frequency of prothrombin G20210A in women with RPL in comparison with controls. Our data suggest that the prothrombin G20210A mutation, but not the FVL mutation, may be an unrecognized cause of RPL in our population.

One of the main causes of mortality is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which accounts for the third leading cause of deaths and one in forty deaths worldwide. The flavonoids, natural antioxidant compounds, account for a major group of polyphenolic compounds. One of the major isoflavones in soybean is genistein (GE) which can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. Isoflavones, major type of phenolic materials, derived from dietary plants and medicinal herbs play a signifcant role in cancer prevention and treatment. Correlation between dietary habits and cancer risk including breast, prostate, and colon cancer has been reported. Various bioactivities of these compounds such as anticarcinogenic and antioxidant are responsible for their chemopreventive activities by which induce migration, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. GE, one of the major isoflavones, is considered as a potent chemopreventive agent against cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory and apoptotic effects of GE on HCC Hepa1‑6 cell line.
Cell viability assay and cell cycle analysis with flow cytometry were used to evaluate proliferative and apoptotic effect GE.
GE inhibited the growth of Hepa1‑6 cells and induced apoptosis with a concentration and time‑dependent fashion. During GE treatment for 24, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 20 μM, and the maximum inhibition of cell growth was 52% (P Our fnding clearly indicated that GE can signifcantly inhibit proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa 1‑6 cell line and induce apoptosis in this cell line.

The presence of air pollutants such as CO, NO2, SO2, O3, and PM in the ambient air mainly emitted from fossil fuels combustion has become a major health concern. The aims of this study were to estimate the attribution of NO2, SO2, and O3 in the premature deaths and prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Isfahan in 2013–2014.
In this study, short‑term health effects (total mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute myocardial infarction) of exposure NO2, SO2, and O3 on the population of Isfahan were assessed using AirQ 2.2.3 software suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The result showed that from nonaccident total mortality in 2013–2014 in Isfahan, the attributable proportion related to NO2, SO2, and O3 were 1.03% (109 cases), 3.46% (365 cases), and 1.29% (136 cases), respectively. The percentage of days that people were exposed to the highest concentration of NO 2 (40–49 μg/m3), SO2 (60–69 μg/m3), and O3 (40–49 μg/m3) was 34.46%, 16.85%, and 42.74% of a year, respectively. Total mortality attributed to NO2, SO2, and O3 exposure was 0.36%, 0.79%, and 0.83%, respectively.
The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were upper than the WHO guidelines. The Air‑Q software in spite of its limitations can provide useful information regarding the health outcome of the air pollutants. The results estimated in this study were considerable. This information can help the health authorities and policy makers to draw suitable strategies and fulfll effective emission control programs.

Tendency toward addiction is provided before drug use begins. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for addiction potential in the students of Arak University of Medical Sciences.
We conducted this cross‑sectional study among 305 students from Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2016. We selected the students by stratifed random sampling and collected the data by family and sociodemographic factors questionnaires and Addiction Potential Scale.
Male students, students with low economic status and high family members were more prone to addiction. We identifed variable; addiction in close friends, adverse family conditions (dispute with the family), poor economic condition of families, and family size by controlling the effect of other variables, as risk factors for addiction potential.
Preventive and intervention actions appear necessary considering the mentioned factors.