فهرست مطالب

Iranian Economic Review
Volume:3 Issue: 3, 1998

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1380/09/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 4
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  • Mohammad Ali Ghetmiri, Gholam Ali Sharzei Pages 46-54
    This paper reports on the results of a research carried out during 1993-94 aiming at studying street sellers as an informal sector activity and a source of socio-economic problems in Shiraz, Iran. This study makes use of two Logit models in order to present a unified framework depiciting the factors that seem to affect the developmeht of informal sector activities. The first model looks at those factors affecting one’s choice of hawking as a job, and the second looks at those tactors responsible for the sustenance of hawking in Shiraz. The results of the study show that: 1) unavailability of proper jobs in the formal sector, 2) lack 01 proper skills required to he employed in the formal sector, 3) inadequate income earned in the formal sector; and finally, 4) the indecisiveness of the local authorities towards the Street sellers have led to the sustenance of hawking in Shiraz.
  • Akbar Tavakoli, Seyed Komali Tayyebi Pages 55-66
    This paper examines the idea that the rate of inflation tends to increase nominal government expenditures faster than government revenues. it concludes that while government expenditures rise concurrently with inflation, real government revenues tend to fall based on collection tags. Empirical results using time series data for Iran support our expectations in which the longer is the delay in government domestic revenues, the higher will he the inflation, in addition, the fiscal deficit should increase money supply, resulting in more inflation. The implication of the study conducted here is that a passive fiscal policy based upon inflation is dangerous. To control inflation, budgetary authorities should reduce substantially the government budget deficit. Furthermore, the tax administration is apparently responsible to give priority to reforming the tax revenue system.
  • Iraj Toutounchian Page 67
    In standard discussions (capitalistic economy)¡ business firms and the income distribution property of production factors are dealt with in a manner in which they are independent from each other. and there is no interaction as such between them. Furthermore¡ no role whatsoever is assumed for externalities. If we accept that there is interaction between production factors¡ and these 1actors¡ because of the existence of externalities affects each other¡ it is only natural to come to the conclusion that both the definition of business firm and the share of production factors should he changed. The proposal developed in this paper is based on this very important consideration.
    The profits of Mudareb (in Mudarabah contract) has been used in this paper to cover more general issues¡ such as labors income share in an Islamic system. The Mudareb’s relative share might he justified on the grounds that he has the appropriate expertise¡ profession¡ so to speak. This justification can be extended to he applied to labor” in general¡ he it in industry¡ services¡ and other economic activities. It seems that¡ it is not only the degree of expertise and skill which determine the labor’s share. hut also the interaction with other expertises which makes one qualified to share part of the profit This interaction provides better results than the same of individual skills.
    The application of the proposal not only Increases output and hence the total revenue of a firm¡ but also help. keep the production cost at Its lowest possible level. Furthermore¡ It leads one to look at a firm as an interacting body of different
    Increase In efficiency together with low production costs are to the mutual benefits of both the workers and the firm. Furthermore¡ there would not only be zero monitoring cost¡ but also elimination of shirking while increasing the effort of the workers to the maximum level.