Journal of Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume:9 Issue: 19, 2017

Flat foot transfers a chain effect on the joints and upper segments and leads to disruption of kinetic chain.. Researches suggest that the use of foot orthoses may change muscle activation patterns of people with flat foot during walking and running activities to people with normal-arched feet but to date there are not studies on the effect of foot orthoses in neuromuscular control of athletes with flat foot deformity in sport tasks. The aim of this study was to compare EMG activity of muscles around the ankle joint in athletes with flat foot in the foot orthoses compared to the situation without foot orthoses, while single-leg jump-landing task is done. In this study of 15 athletes with flat foot deformity 18 to 23 years were selected purposively as the sample. EMG activity of four muscles (tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and soleus) during single leg jump-landing was registered in two situation with and without foot orthoses. The results showed significant differences in the feedforward activity of the tibialis anterior muscle (p = 0/002) and peroneus longus (p = 0/045) and in the feedback activity of the tibialis anterior muscle (p = 0/049), peroneus longus (p = 0/042), medial gastrocnemius (p = 0/015) and soleus (p = 0/005) between tow situations with and without the foot orthoses. Foot orthoses with changes in neuromuscular function of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles may reduce the risk of injuries and disorders of the kinetic chain.

This study was done to Evaluation of knee Proprioception Changes in Older men with knee Osteoarthritis Following a period of controlled Aerobic activity. Population includes active older men with knee osteoarthritis in West Azerbaijan. 20 active man who paid at least twice a week to exercise, into two groups of 10 patients were randomly divided. Subjects for 8 weeks, three times a week program performed. Electro-goniometer was used to measure the knee Proprioception. To analyze data, independent t-test was used for evaluating results of between groups, and a Paired t test was used to check results from within groups. Results of this study showed that, Comparison within groups, knee Proprioception (p = 0.0001) was a significant difference in the group Aerobic. In comparison between groups knee Proprioception (p = 0.001) there was a significant difference. Overall, eight weeks Aerobic training significantly improves knee Proprioception in older men with knee osteoarthritis.

Researchers suggest that the elite athletes require higher levels of core stability for exercise performance than daily living activities. In addition, functional movement screening test provides useful information about movement, stability in movement chain and the prediction of injuries. The main question of this study was whether there was a relationship between the results of functional movement screening test and dynamic balance and the function of core muscles in female basketball players. In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 38 female basketball players with at least 2 years of club experience in Qom city who were selected based on the research criteria. The McGill test was used to assess the endurance of the core stability muscles. A collection of functional movement screening tests was used to assess movement performance of the participants. The multiple regression test was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Among predictive variables, a significant relationship was observed only between the endurance of core flexor and dynamic balance and functional movement screening scores (P≤0.01). The relationship between the endurance of lateral flexors and trunk extensors and functional movement screening scores was not significant. The regression model of this study was a moderate model to predict functional movement screening scores. It could predict 58.5% of variance of functional movement screening scores although the endurance of the trunk flexor muscles and dynamic balance could specifically predict functional movement screening scores and have a positive relationship with them.

The aim of the present study was to examine Core stability, Balance and FMS scores differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman youth wrestlers.30 Freestyle wrestlers (age 17/60±1/00 years, height: 1/74±0/06, weight: 75/03±16/73 kg, BMI: 24/54±4/66 kg/m²) and 30 Greco-Roman wrestlers (age 17/73±1/17 years, height: 1/74±0/06, weight: 70/10±12/88 kg, BMI: 23/05±3/42 kg/m²) participated in this study. Core stability determined using a standard sit and reach test, Balance determined using YBT. The FMS developed by Cook was used to assess functional movement (3). Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers were analyzed by the Independent Sample t-Test. A value of (p ≤ 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant.
The Greco-Roman wrestlers had a significantly higher scores Core stability than Freestyle wrestlers. The Freestyle wrestlers had a significantly higher scores Balance than Greco-Roman wrestlers. No significant differences were found in the FMS scores between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers (p > 0.05).
, the differences between Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers may be due to the wrestling style differences in training and to competition related demands.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the Tarara performance test scores in active males with and without abnormalities of the knee
60 active men with and without genu varum and genu valgum abnormalities (each group 20 men) purposefully selected and participated in this study. deformities were measured using caliper. Then, participants performed Tarara 16-step functional tests. Data were analyzed by approachs Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA and Tukey HSD.
and the showed that among participants whit and without genu valgum and genu varum abnormalities, in performing 7 tests ( jump, balance Y, lumbar endurance, abduction and adduction of the hip-Planck-hand, lee triple, Nordik hamstring), there are significant differences and subjects whit genu valgum abnormalities in performing these 7 tests were weaker than of another two groups, Also in Tarara performance tests among participants whit and without genu varum abnormalities found no significant differences between two groups.
With increasing mal-alignment and abnormalities of the Knee among athletes, the importance of the effect of these abnormalities on performance represents its special place more than ever before. due to this matter trainers should pay more attention to this type of abnormality and try to fix it. this findings indicate that having genu varum abnormality is a kind of superiority in performing some tests. in performing other Tarara performance tests, there were not observed significant difference among three groups.

More than half of football players are under 18. The risk of injury to these players is high, but there are few studies in the field of epidemiology and prevention of injuries. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate scientific studies on the prevalence, incidence, mechanism, and prevention of injuries to children and adolescents. Scientific data bases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and MAGIRAN were searched using the keywords "football" or "soccer", "youth", "junior ", "adolescent ", "pediatric,", '' child '' '' 'injury ‘,' injury prevention'. 989 studies were identified, of which 62 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria to enter the review.
The results showed that the incidence of injury in training for children and adolescents varied from 1 to 5 injuries per 1000 hours of training. The incidence of injuries in the competition increases with age. On average, this was about 15 to 20 injuries per 1000 hours. 60 to 90 percent of injuries were acute. Most injuries affected the lower extremities. Strain and sprain were the most common types of injuries in children and adolescents.

Effects of 6-week CKC Training on Proprioception and Electrical Activity of Some Lower Extremity Muscles in Females with Generalized Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Generalized joint hypermobility syndrome causes abnormality, knee joint injury and instability. It has also been reported to have a deficit in the joint position sense and differences in the level of muscle activity. The purpose was to determine the effect of closed-kinetic-chain training on proprioception and the electrical activity of some lower extremity muscles in hypermobile females. Twenty-four females with generalized joint hypermobility syndrome participated voluntarily in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into Control and experimental groups. The muscle activity of the some lower extremity muscles; vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius was measured during drop landing by surface electromyography and knee position sense error via Imaged-based goniometry. Then experimental group performed training program for six weeks. Finally Shapirovilk test and covariance was used to data analyzing. The results showed, the closed-kinetic-chain training improves proprioception and the level of feed-forward activity of the Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and medial gastrocnemius and the feedback muscle activity of Vastus Medialis and Vastus lateralis increased significantly. We concluded, the closed-kinetic-chain training can be considered as a safe and effective training method to improve the essential factors for stability of joints in the hypermobile females.

The aim of this study was the prediction of sport injuries in athletes participating in recreational sports with functional movement screening test (FMS). Two hundred and four athletes participating in Dodgeball, 3 on 3 basketball, 2-player volleyball and minifootball have been assessed with functional movement screening tests prior to the recreational sport Olympiad of the medical universities of Iran. Sport injuries have been recorded during the matches by research and medical team. In total, 79 athletes have endured 129 injuries during the Olympiad. The results of the logistic regression test and the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the athletes with the FMS score of less than 14 are 3.63 times more vulnerable to injuries. These findings emphasize on using the FMS tests for screening athletes with high risk of injuries in recreational sports as well as the championship sports and using FMS test for predicting vulnerable athletes and organizing more targeted preventive strategy plans in recreational sports by coaches and athletes is suggested.