مجله مطالعات فقه تربیتی
سال دوم شماره 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1387)

The world in today is politicized and chaotic and claims to be dominant in all religious, moral and humanistic affairs. The only religion can resist in this universal chaos which has intrinsic unity and coherence. This issue is in opposition to the lack of social, political and religious solidarity among Muslims, escalation of anti-religion and counter-Islamic trends in western countries, and different cultural, political and military onslaughts on Islamic nations. The aspiration to return to the united Islamic Ummah, Will appear at the time when internal solidarity and unanimity among divisions and various Muslim nations be materialized. Taghrib (proximity of Islamic schools of thoughts) is an indispensable and inevitable issue since it is one of the necessities of unity and making such solidarity. This article is going to present a brief summarized report on theoretical basis of taghrib in Quranic instructions and Sunnah by which can imagine a united and common basis in the process of taghrib and underline the more conception of taghrib and it’s religiousness and fundamental and theoretical principles.

The Shiite scholars and jurists in the period of minor occultation and beginning of major occultation had a peaceful coexistence and understanding with Sunni scholars in the way that their scientific sessions were not differentiated. Many of Sunni scholars learnt jurisprudence, methodology (of deriving law from Islamic sources) and philosophical theology in Shiite jurist's presence. In return, many of Shiite scholars benefited from Sunni jurists presence. The second martyr, learnt “sahih-e- bokhari” course in the presence of two Sunni scholars. Ali- ibn- Easa Zamani, of sunni scholars, named his master Muhammad – ibn- Muhammad- ibn – Naman as “sheikh-e- Mofid” because of being under his scientific guidance. Unfortunately, with the passage of time from appearance of Islam and beginning of occultation period, the separation and disunion among these two schools of thoughts and their leaders increased. On the other hand, the common adversaries of both schools (of thoughts) took devil advantages of this opportunity, and by the use of some tricks added up to the effect and extent of this split. But, despite these schemes and plots, great scholars and peacemakers of each side resisted against these devilish deeds and thought about the Unity among religions with reformist movements. So, they gave life to this genuine principle among Islamic Ummah and brought it to life again (revived it). This article, first discusses about the historical process and quality of coexistences and unanimities. Next with the introduction of the life of seven contemporary Shiite and Sunni scholars and their view to taghrib, it will continue and end.

Beyond any doubt, the concept of "religion" includes among the concepts which are considered as "security concerns" for secular states. Also, in non-secular states and governments "religion" culminates with some fears and hopes. The existence of such capacity in religion makes us to regard it as one of the fundamental issues whish is used by political powers for lobbying against the political opponents. One of the special tasks of the government (with attention to it's today notion) is to know, to analyze and to consider centrifugal forces for protection and stabilization of national security. And undoubtedly in political and security literature of secular states, the biased supporters of religions are regarded as divergent and centrifugal forces. Convergence or divergence of religion's followers, especially of those with numerous supporters, can play an important role in national union or disunion, and to the same extent, it could be used as a means of weakening or strengthening political powers. Thus, political powers including "central governments", "political parties", "regional and neighboring powers" and "colonialist powers", with different purposes, have a decisive role in provoking division between religion's followers. The vulnerability rate of political powers to religion, and also the religion weakening and strengthening motives by political powers are issues- which will be discussed after presenting an introduction consisting of the "necessity of religious unity" and "religion and power correspondence in political field".

The taghrib and solidarity strategy is an inevitable necessity which in present days is declared to be as fundamentalpolicies. Islamic nations with up- to- date thoughts and attention to opportunities and Islamic instructions, besides enemy's threats and today’s information society has find out the necessity of convergence in Islamic civilization, and in this way they try to make some changes inside the Islamic Ummah considering the history of Islamic civilization and the use of dialogue solution and finally rebuild the lost identity of Islamic civilization. Thus the Islamic conference organization was established in 1969 aiming at strengthening Islamic nation's position in world’s political and civilized equations and has concentrated all of its attempts to make a place for exchange between Islamic nations and divisions and convergence among them. It could be acknowledged that reaching this convergence and rebuilding of the great Islamic civilization on the basis of dialogue. Founded on principles of constructive dialogue and exchange, is hope full. Of these principles are “reliance on commonalities”, “avoidance of absolutism”, “campaign with religious extremism”, and “flexibility in religion towards all other Muslims”. undoubtedly, an attempt to make a connection between two entities without any common point which repel each other is futile and pointless, Islamic unity is an instruction which Quran considers it achievable on the special basis This basis is adherence and grasp on the rope of God and surrender to heavenly life- giving word- of-godwhich can be entitled as Islamic and Quranic centrality.