فصلنامه اندازه گیری تربیتی
پیاپی 31 (بهار 1397)

The purpose of recent study was construction, investigating validity and reliability of the Language Development Scale of Children. Research method was descriptive, test making type. In first step, the Language Development Scale of Children was designed based on the theoretical and experimental foundations and developmental competences of children. 52 children (girls & boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from Isfahan's nurseries, preschool centers and primary schools of 6 educational districts, then it was performed on them and the psychometric properties were measured. In second step 200 children were selected in the way of Cochran from these centers. To study reliability and validity of instrument the sample group completed the Language Development Scale of Children and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. To investigating the reliability, Cronbach Alpha and for validity of instrument validity exploratory factor analysis method and criterion validity were used. Results showed the total internal consistency of the Language Development Scale of Children was 0. 98 and subscales internal consistency was 0. 96. The results of exploratory factor analysis method showed two factors model of the Language Development Scale of Children including, Receptive language subscale and Expressive language subscale. These two factors explained 54. 91 variance of the total scale. Also the correlation coefficient between the Language Development Scale of Children and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was 0. 91, which indicated satisfactory criterion validity for the Language Development Scale of Children. Confirmatory the Language Development Scale of Isfahan's Children has appropriate reliability and validity for evaluating development of receptive and expressive language in children under 8 years old.

Parent abuse, child-to-parent aggression and violence appear to be prevalent yet hidden phenomena. The main purpose of the present study was to present an account of the development and examine psychometric properties of Parent Abuse Scale (boy-mother) (APA-bm) including construct validity, convergent validity and internal consistency. The study was a correlational type. Third hundred and sixty four mothers of boy high school students and their child in Ahvaz, which selected through multistage-cluster random sampling. Mothers completed Parent Abuse Scale (boy-mother) and boys completed Child's Attitude toward Parents. The results of factor analysis using the principal components analysis and orthogonal rotation (varimax) showed three factors (emotional, financial and physical parent abuse). The convergent validity of Parent Abuse Scale (boy-mother) were supported by an expected pattern of correlation between the scale and Child's Attitude toward Parents. All correlation between the mean scores on Parent Abuse Scale (boy-mother) and Child's Attitude toward Parents were statistically significant (excluding physical parent abuse). coefficient’s Cronbach alpha were between 0/75 to 0/98. All correlations were statistically significant. The results of this study indicated that the present scale is a valid and reliable measure for evaluating parent abuse in Iranian sample.

he purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Community of Inquiry framework survey instrument. This research is a non-experimental research that has been done by descriptive-analytic method. The population of this study was all students enrolled in the web-based courses in the academic year of 1395-1396, a sample of 271 students selected by convenience sampling from a number of universities offering Web-based courses at the master's level and responded to the Arbaugh et al (2008). Community of Inquiry framework survey instrument. The results of exploratory factor analysis by the principal components method, confirmed three cognitive, social and educational presence factors. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and the confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine its validity. The results showed that the questionnaire had an acceptable internal consistency and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 89. 8 and 5. 96. Also, for determining the factor validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was used which results showed that the questionnaire appropriately fit with data. All of the fittest's goodness indicators confirm the model. As a result, it can be said that the translated version of Community of Inquiry framework survey instrument among Iranian learners is acceptable.

The aim of the present study was to assess the Psychometric properties of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders amongst a sample of 10-17yers old children in iran this experiment is a survey study. the subjects consisted of 890 10-17yers old children in Azarbaijan Sharghi، Golestan and Gilan who were chosen randomly according to multiple stage cluster sampeling metod and then were evaluated using YSR، SCARED، RCAMS and CDI. Finaly, data was analysed using descriptive statistic،pearson correlation coefficient،Alpha Cronbach coefficient and factor analysis. Results indicated that the SCARED and its 5 subscales have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability (with a 14 days interval). The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated a six-factor model in SCARED which confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Also The result of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five subscale of original SCARED including “Panic Disorder”, “Generalized anxiety Disorder”, “Social anxiety Disorder”, “Separation anxiety Disorder” and “anxiety scool”.
. furthermore The significant correlation of total score SCARED and its 5 subscales with total scors YSR، RCAMS and CDI supported the convergent validity. (p<0/01) The Persian version of SCARED has satisfactory psychometric properties in Iranian child and is suitable to be used in educational, clinical and research domains.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a powerful multivariate statistical approach for assessing complex relationships between latent variables in many human and behavioral sciences. A common challenge in estimating structural equation models, which is based on hypothesis testing, is the presence of missing data. Deleting subjects with missing values on each of items is the usual way of handling missing data, which leads to biased estimators and lose a considerable amount of sample information as the percentage of missing values increases. In estimating SEM with missing values, one can apply the full information maximum likelihood (FIML) approach that makes maximal use of all available data from every subject in the sample. In this paper, the performance of FIML is investigated under three missing value mechanisms, missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random, in a simulation study. Two confirmatory factor analysis models are considered, where the data is generated under three mechanisms and the impact of two indexes, sample size (100, 500) and percentage of missing values (2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%), are evaluated based on the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) index. Results show that the performance of SEM using FIML approach is generally better than the performance of SEM without using this approach in terms of some goodness of fit index.

This article is devoted to designing a model for measuring the social dimensions of subjective well-being. To achieve this goal, availab and related theoretical foundations were studied to provide a proper understanding of this dimension and its indicators and references. Due to the conceptual ambiguity in this field at first different synonyms and definitions were studied. In order to achieve the social dimension of subjective well-being, in addition to studying the documents, interviews were conducted with experts working in this field and were used their views on the design of the model. Finally, six indicators were used to measure this dimension: Social Security, Social Justice, Social Acceptance, Social Integration, Social Actualization, Social Contribution, Social Coherence. Then the model was executed among 700 students in Tehran.
After removing items with a total load of less than 0. 4, the following three conditions were established: 1. The factor loads of the items are all positive and consistent. 2. Factor loads of all items are more than 0. 4. 3. Factor loads obtained at a lower order are larger than the higher order. Finally, a questionnaire with 89 items was obtained for measuring the social dimension of mental well-being. For more explicit analysis of the model, the hidden variables were examined separately. The combined trust coefficient of higher order variables confirms the capability of the model and its components and shows a cutoff point higher than 0. 7:social justice (0. 907), social integration (0. 884), social flourishing (0. 831), Social acceptance (0. 876), social participation (0. 829), social security (0. 806), mental well-being (0. 954).
Validity at factor level and using the Fornell and Larcker index indicate that the factor of the low-order factors, which is the root of the AVE, is higher than all the row and column coefficients in which it is positioned and represents the overall model's audit validity.

metacognition related to online gaming. The purpose of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the online meta-cognition scale (MOG). 251 students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, selected by multistage cluster sampling, were included in the Internet addiction inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to verify the validity of this scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression were used to determine its validity. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of three main factors, including meta-cognition about the uncontrollability of online games, the negative metacognition of online gambling threats and the positive meta-cognition of the usefulness of online games. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for positive metacognition. 0. 89 and for negative metacognition about the uncontrollability of the online game 0. 84 and for the meta-cognitive negativity related to the dangers of online games 0. 77 and for the whole test was 0. 85. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model for this questionnaire has an acceptable fit. Also, hierarchical regression analysis showed that the online gaming scale had an acceptable predictive validity to predict Internet addiction scores. Regarding the validity and reliability of this study, online gaming scales are a tool that can be used to measure the online metacognitive skills used by researchers, researchers and practitioners of education and research.

The aim of current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Student Authenticity in relationship scale (AIRS) and examine the relationship between authenticity and fear of intimacy with relationship satisfaction. This scale has 37 items and has been made by Lopez and Rice in 2006. The study population comprised all married clerks in Sanandaj. 207 men and 197 women were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation methods were used for Data analysis. Reliability of the (AIRS) by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/773 and re-test coefficient was 0/812. Also, results from convergent validity indicated a significant relationship between (AIRS) and Wood and Linley Authenticity scale. Results from factor analysis showed the Authenticity in relationship scale (AIRS) measure two factors of unacceptability of deception and Intimate risk taking. The second study showed fear of intimacy, unacceptability of deception and Intimate risk taking can predict relation satisfaction. Considering of results the Authenticity in relationship scale has an appropriate validity and reliability and it can be used in further researches on the authenticity in relationship and family field.

Lifelong learning is an essential prerequisite for the development of societies and organizations. Educational system, which is the provider of human resources as the first and the most important factor of development, needs lifelong learners. Possessing a valid and reliable instrument to measure this characteristic is an important step for planning the related research; therefore, the Since there is no tool for assessing lifelong learning literacy in Iran, the purpose of this study is to validate the Iranian version of the 49-year Li and Tsai Lifelong Learning Literacy Questionnaire. In order to determine the content and face validity the questionnaire was translated and it was given to six faculty members, and after the needed reforms, it was approved. The method of this study is a applied survey method. The statistical population of this study is all secondary school teachers in the city of Birjand with a total of 500 people, 300 of whom were selected as cluster samples. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the eight factors pattern fits well with the data. (X2/DF=1/53, CFI= 0/964, NFI= 0/967, RMSEA= 0/06). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the components was between 0. 78 to 0. 93 which shows acceptable reliability. Based on these results, it can be said that lifelong learning literacy questionnaire is an appropriate instrument for Iranian Studies.