فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
سال یکم شماره 4 (زمستان 1388)

For the first time, study on Crocodylus palustris population was conducted in Sistan & Baluchistan province of Iran for the first time. They distribution is being limited to part of Makran in Baluchistan and also part of Yahoukalat region. The Crocodylus palustris has a medium or big body with wide snout. In Iran, the population of this animal belongs to small number of them in whole world. Sample was made from 12 crocodiles captive in Dargas region of Chabahar province and after biometric measurement, the samples was provided from scale tissue and then DNA was extracted by kit. RAPD seven primers with 10 Nucleotides sequence was used for RAPD-PCR. All seven primers except primers number 3 caused polymorphism among samples. Averagely, in per use of these primers, seven locus are present polymorphism. The result was analyzed by PopGene32 software which showed approximately 56% of polymorphism was among samples and genetic species in this population.

In this study effects of activating solution on motility sperm (duration of motility and percentage of motility) of wild carp were investigated. Therefore, after determine optimum pH, effect of those with everyone of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were detected, and two saline solution that maximum total period of motility and maximum percentage of motile sperm were selected as activating solution. The activating solution (1) was: (50mM of Nacl, 30mM of kcl, 30mM of Tris, pH = 10.31) and activating solution (2) was: (50mM of Nacl, 40mM of kcl, 30mM of Tris, pH = 10.68). Then effect of these saline solution with Billard's saline solution: (45mM of Nacl, 5mM of kcl, 2.5mM of Tris,19mM of glycine pH= 8), and Poupard,s saline solution: (45mM of Nacl, 5mM of kcl, 30mM of Tris, pH= 8) and distill weter (0.4mM of Nacl) and hatchery water on motility sperm (duration of motility and percentage of motility) of wild carp were investigated. Results of this study showed that maximum total period of motility and maximum percentage of motile sperm were seen in selected saline solution(50mM of Nacl, 30mM of kcl, 30mM of Tris, pH= 10.31), (P>0.05).

Ferula persica var. persica is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant that belongs to Apiaceae family. Seeds of this plant have a long period of dormancy. Therefore, experimental methods, which decrease seed dormancy period, could be effective in the seed germination rate and also in revival of the plant. Since the treatment of cold and soaking is beneficial for seed dormancy breaking of other Apiaceae plants, thus the effect of humid chilling, dry chilling and seed brushing before chilling evaluated on five population, Ferula persica var. persica in form of completely randomized factorial with four replication. After measuring the percentage of seed purification, data analysis revealed that the Vitality and its related indices (Mean Daily Germination, Daily Germination Speeds and Mean Time Germination) show a significant difference in one percent probability level in the three mentioned factors. In case of the interplay, the treatment F4Z0 (the seed of F4 in the humid chilling without brushing treatment) showed higher vitality and less MDG than the other treatments. In case of DGS index, the F4Z0 and F5Z0 have the least speed and the most quantity. In case of the simple affects, humid chilling was the best method for breaking seed dormancy in this species. Since repetitive brushing of the seeds before planting results in destroying their coating, thus it doesnt have a positive effect on Germination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mean time of hatching of D. magna resting eggs under some abiotic factors. To do so, resting eggs were collected from different parts of live food ponds in Sad Voshmgir Cultivation and Breeding Centre of Gorgan, and after isolation, the eggs were kept in dry and wet conditions at 4°C for 2 months in darkness. Following the pre-incubation period, the two aforesaid groups were subdivided into 2 smaller parts and each was floated in 1% NaOCL and distilled water for 5 min. AdaM medium was used to determine the effect of photoperiod levels (continuous illumination, 12h light day-1) and temperature levels (20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC) on the hatching time of resting eggs and the incubation period last for 15 days. On the obtained results, the incubation of wet eggs of this species and their subsequent exposure to continuous illumination at 20ºC and 25ºC had a significant shortening effect on the mean time to hatch (P<0.05(

To estimate the growth condition of dominant lanternfish (Benthosema pterptum) in the Oman Sea, 274 specimens were collected and length-weight (LW) relationships have been calculated. LW, with no significant differences between males (W=0.00001L2.989 with R2=0.90) and females (W=0.000007L2.990 with R2=0.94), showed that the growth pattern is isometric (R2=0.93). The thin section (60-80µm) of sagitta otoliths with use of polishing method were prepared. These sections showed that increment growth ring, from the width and shape, divided into the central, middle and external growth zones, surrounding nucleus. Furthermore, external view of left and right sagitta otoliths and morphological parameters were evaluated in details. The result of this study showed that the shape of otolith were oval and sulcus had two distinact area, ostium and caudain. This data can be used for the stomach contents studies of predators feeding on this species.

For determination and classification of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for Mugger (Crocodylus palustris), 10 areas indexes along the Sarbaz River, were measured with (HEP) method. In this study, 49 variables including: climatic characteristics, physical and chemical factors of soil and water habitats in 10 areas were measured monthly for one year. By using Pearson correlation test with 95 percent accuracy, we found that among 49 variables, the percentage of vegetation, slope habitats, existence of fish types and amphibians, EC and water depth are factors that have a key role for ‍Crocodiles habitat selection. Finally, the downstream area of Pishin dam with suitability number 1, (HSI = 1) as suitable habitat and Kalani pond with a suitability number 0.2 (HSI = 0.2) as unsuitable habitat were chosen for Mugger.

Inland brackish aquaculture may offer an opportunity for income diversification and a potentially productive use of land that can no longer support traditional agriculture in salt-affected parts of inland production and investment levels are characteristically low. It may also provide a means of defraying all or part of the cost of surface and subsurface water management systems. It seems inland brackish aquaculture will be an essential component of salinity management in the future, because unlike many other adaptation strategies, it can be effectively integrated with engineering solutions to treat salinised land. This activity needs to develop in a manner that both prevents the further degradation of agricultural land and provides opportunities for an alternative and sustained economic base for dependent rural communities. Most central areas of Iran are rich in saline water resources with different salinities (5-40g/l). Applying these resources for aquaculture production is a potential adaptive use, although it maybe limited by some factors especially strict environmental conditions. The limitations, have led to the logical progression of investigating the suitability of these resources for aquaculture. So, regarding to well adaptation of rainbow trout to rapid changes in salinity and profitability of its production in state of Iran, this species promoted as potential candidate for aquaculture in these regions. After feasibility studies, supplementary researches carried out during recent decade in Inland Saline Water Aquaculture Research Center, Bafgh, Iran. According to the results, rainbow trout well adapted to underground brackish well water (in salinity 14g/l) without any mortality and growth performance was desired. It was also introduced the earth pond as culturing system for rainbow trout through semi-intensive method during cold seasons when the cool weather provide a suitable conditions in cultivating ponds. Investigations on increasing production methods in selected system indicated that reusing wastewater and establishing net pen in pond are the effective ways than aeration by submerged and surface aerators. Study on protein and energy requirements of rainbow trout in this medium showed the best growth was obtained by fishes fed by 35% protein and 4750kcal/kg digestible energy levels. Considering some gonadic and somatic indices of rainbow trout in the research station demonstrated that body growth and gonad development were faster than fresh water, as well as maturation speed was quicker too. Findings of this paper demonstrated that by using appropriate semi-annual production system, rainbow trout farming in brackish water is a profitable method to develop inland aquaculture industry in Iran