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Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects - Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/10/06
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Abdolaziz Haghnegahdar, Hooman Zarif Najafi, Maryam Sabet, Maryam Saki Pages 201-206
    Background And Aims
    Tooth displacement changes the periodontium. The aim of orthodontic treatment was desired tooth movement with minimum side effects on the alveolar bone quality. The aim of the present study was to assess changes of alveolar trabeculation among children, youth and adults and the two genders.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients who had been treated in orthodontic department of dental school of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were chosen with convenient sampling method. They were divided into three groups according to their age. Their digitized panoramic radiographs (PRs) were evaluated on six interdental sites from the mesial side of the mandibular second molars to the distal side of the mandibular first premolars using a visual index. The trabeculation pattern was assigned as either dense(score 3), dense-sparse(score 2) or sparse(score 1) . Data were imported to SPSS. Mean of the scores before treatment (score-B) and mean of them after treatment (score-A) were compared for each group with Paired T-Test. Changes between score-B and sore-A of the groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA and Post HOC Test.
    Results
    Mean score-A was significantly higher than mean score-B in children (P=0.001). In contrast, mean score-A was significantly lower than mean score-B in the youth (P=0.003).
    Conclusion
    Orthodontists should be cautious when treating youth and adults regarding the probable, yet possibly temporary, negative effects of orthodontic therapy on the alveolar bone quality.
    Keywords: bone, orthodontic appliances, panoramic radiography
  • Sima Shahabi, Reza Fekrazad, Maryam Johari, Nasim Chiniforoush, Yashar Rezaei Pages 207-212
    Background And Aims
    Although dental caries is a preventable disease, it is still common and remains a public health problem. One of the potentially effective preventive measures is laser irradiation. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying the microcrystalline structure of dental enamel. The study assessed the chemical alterations occurring in enamel irradiated with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG lasers, by means of FT-Raman spectroscopy.
    Material and
    Methods
    Fifteen freshly-extracted human molars were treated as follows: no treatment in group A (n=5); 10 seconds irradiation with Er:YAG laser at 4 mm from the tooth surface, under water and air spray, in group B (n=5); 10 seconds irradiation with Nd:YAG laser, at 1 mm from the tooth surface, with 300 µm fiber used in a sweeping motion, in group C (n=5). After treatment, specimens were analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy.
    Results
    Analysis of the carbonate content in terms of the integrated area under the curve (1065/960cm–1) showed a statistically-significant reduction in the integrated area ratio, in both laser-irradiated groups. The integrated area of organic content (2935/960 cm-1) showed a statistically-significant reduction after laser irradiation, in both irradiated groups.
    Conclusions
    The results show that laser irradiation affects both mineral and organic matrix of dental enamel, and may thus be a suitable strategy for caries prevention; the FT-Raman technique appears appropriate to detect such compositional and structural changes.
    Keywords: dental caries, Er, YAG lasers, raman spectroscopy, Nd, YAG lasers
  • Mahmoud Bahari, Siavash Savadi Oskoee, Narmin Mohammadi, Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom, Mostafa Godrati, Ayda Savadi Oskoee Pages 213-219
    Background And Aim(s)
    It is highly important for dentists to be aware of the effects of bleaching agents on the surface and mechanical properties of restorative materials. So, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different bleaching strategies on the microhardness of a silorane-based composite resin.
    Materials And Methods
    Eighty samples of a silorane-based composite resin (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were prepared inside acrylic molds. The samples were polished and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20). Group 1 (controls) were stored in distilled water for 2 weeks. The samples in group 2 underwent a bleaching procedure with 15% carbamide peroxide for two weeks 2 hours daily. The samples in group 3 were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide twice 5 days apart for 30 minutes each time. The samples in group 4 underwent a bleaching procedure with light-activated 35% hydrogen peroxide under LED light once for 40 minutes. Then the microhardness of the samples was determined using Vickers method. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P
    Results
    All the bleaching agents significantly decreased microhardness compared to the control group (P0.05).
    Conclusion(s)
    Bleaching agents decrease microhardness of silorane-based composite resin restorations, the extent of which depends on the bleaching strategy applied.
    Keywords: tooth bleaching agents, silorane composite resin, hardness
  • Ali Kangarlou, Rojin Neshandar, Negin Matini, Omid Dianat Pages 220-225
    Background And Aim
    bacterial elimination from root canal system is one of the aims in endodontic treatments, so the addition of antibiotics to sealers can increase their antimicrobial efficacy, as in this study we are determining the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of AH26 and AH Plus sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic pastes and nanosilver on Enterococcus faecalis.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experiment, amoxicillin, triple antibiotic pastes and nanosilver powders were added at 10 % of total sealer weight to AH26 and AH plus sealers and then cultured freshly or after 1 , 3 , and 7 days setting with suspension of Enterococcus faecalis for 24 hours. Zones of growth inhibition for Enterococcus faecalis were evaluated in each group.
    Results
    Addition of nanosilver did not increase the antibacterial effect of sealers. Combination of sealers with amoxicillin had the highest antibacterial efficacy in fresh condition. In the set specimens results demonstrated that the combination of sealer and triple antibiotic pastes had the greatest antibacterial efficacy.
    Conclusion
    amoxicillin and triple antibiotic pastes can significantly improve the antibacterial properties of AH Plus and AH26 sealers. Such properties usually decrease in time, but use of sealer-amoxicillin/-triple paste combination is still superior to using sealers alone or in combination with nanosilver.
    Keywords: Anti, Bacterial Agents, Enterococcus faecalis, Metal Nanoparticles, Root Canal Sealants
  • Hosein Eslami, Firouz Pouralibaba, Parisa Falsafi, Sepideh Bohluli, Babak Najati, Ramin Negahdari, Milad Ghanizadeh Pages 226-233
    Background
    Oral mucositis is the chief complication of head and neck chemotherapy. The current study was conducted to evaluate Hypozalix artificial saliva and propolis mouthwash efficacy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in leukemic patients.
    Materials And Methods
    The present double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 72 patients, undergoing chemotherapy. The patients were assigned to 3 groups. In the control group, CHX mouthwash and fluconazole were used by the subjects. In groups 1 and 2, Hypozalix and propolis mouthwashes were added to the combination therapy used in the control group. The results were compared between the three groups after 14 days.
    Results
    Based on the results, 50% of the patients in the control group, 50% in group 1 and 95.8% in group 2 reported recovery from xerostomia. 29.17% of the patients in the control group, 87.5% in group 1 and 70.83% in group 2 exhibited easy mastication. 87.5%, 62.5% and 91.67% of the patients in group 2 exhibited easy swallowing, less waking up and a decrease in burning sensation, respectively(P
    Conclusion
    use of Hypozalix spray or propolis mouthwash in association with CHX mouthwash and fluconazole simultaneously at start of chemotherapy, resulted in a decrease in chemotherapy complications after 14 days. in many cases use of propolis mouthwash yielded better results and the patients exhibited a greater tendency to continue to use it.
    Keywords: artificial saliva, leukemia, mucositis, propolis, chemotherapy
  • Dr. Abhay Kolte, Dr. Rajashri Kolte, Dr. Vrushali Lathiya Pages 234-240
    Background And Aim
    Psychological stress is considered to be an important risk factor for many inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease. A few studies have addressed the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. So this cross sectional study was aimed to investigate relationship of psychological stress, obesity and periodontal disease in smokers and non smokers.
    Materials And Methods
    The study population included 90 patients, equally divided into three groups of non smokers periodontally healthy, non smokers and smokers with untreated moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Socioeconomic data, psychosocial measurements, physical parameters and clinical findings of PPD, CAL, PI & GI were recorded.
    Results
    The clinical parameters were assessed for three groups in three different anxiety levels of mild, moderate and severe. Intragroup comparison of PPD and CAL in the three anxiety levels showed increased periodontal destruction with an increase in anxiety levels, the results being statistically highly significant for PPD differences in smoker group. (p
    Conclusion
    The results of our study indicate a positive and strong association between anxiety, obesity and periodontal disease in smokers and non smokers. Smoking appears to further attenuate this association.
    Keywords: anxiety, obesity, periodontal disease, risk factors
  • Maryam Kouhsoltani, Monir Moradzadeh, Shabnam Tahamtan Pages 241-246
    Background and aims. Reliable immunohistochemical assays to evaluate the definitive role of mast cells and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions are generally not available. The purpose of the present study was to compare mast cell count (MCC) and microvessel density (MVD) between oral reactive lesions and evaluation of the correlation between MCC and MVD in these lesions.
    Materials and methods. Seventy-five cases of oral reactive lesions including fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and pyogenic granuloma (15 for each category) were immunohistochemically stained with mast cell tryptase and CD31. Fifteen cases of normal oral mucosa were considered as control group. The mean MCC and MVD in superficial and deep connective tissues were assessed and a total MCC and MVD was computed for each lesion.
    Results. Statistically significant differences in MCCs and MVDs between the studied groups were observed (pConclusion. Although MCs were present in the reactive lesions of the oral cavity, we did not find a direct correlation between mast cell count and microvessel density in these lesions. Therefore, a significant interaction between mast cells and endothelial cells and an active role for mast cells in the growth of oral reactive lesions was not found in this study.
    Keywords: CD31, mast cell tryptase, oral cavity, reactive lesions
  • Javad Yazdani, Saeed Hajizadeh, Mohammad Ali Ghavimi, Bahram Pourghasem Gargari, Amin Nourizadeh, Yousef Kananizadeh Pages 247-250
    Background. One of the treatment methods for facial fractures is close reduction technique, but treatment with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) interferes with normal nutrition, and malnutrition can affect patient’s recovery. Anthropometric measurements such as skinfold thickness and body mass index (BMI) are universal indexes for diagnosing malnutrition. So in this study we pointed out how treatment with IMF changed the anthropometric indexes.
    Methods. In this study 60 patients were treated with 4weeks of IMF, skinfold thickness and BMI of these patients were measured and compared before and after the treatment.
    Results. Patients’ weight, BMI and skinfold thickness decreased during the IMF period, and this decrease was statistically significant (pConclusion. Although no severe and acute malnutrition was seen among our patients; but IMF led to mild to moderate malnutrition in some cases, which makes using nutrition supplements considerable in these situations.
    Keywords: body mass index, fixation, malnutrition, skinfold thickness
  • Richa Singh, Shankarappa Pushpa, Doraiswamy Arunagiri, Asheesh Sawhny, Abhinav Misra, Ramamurthy Sujatha Pages 251-256
    Background. Maximum sealing ability or adhesion of endodontic sealers can be achieved after an effective removal of smear layer. Endodontic irrigants assist in adequate removal of smear layer and thus improve the retention mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different root canal irrigating solutions (5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA and QMix) on the apical sealing ability of two different root canal sealers (MTA Fillapex and Adseal).
    Method. Forty-six single canal teeth were divided into 4 experimental groups of 10 teeth each and a positive and negative group of 3 teeth each. The root canals were prepared using step-back technique. Teeth in Group 1 and 2 were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA and teeth in Group 3 and 4 were irrigated with QMix. Finally all teeth were flushed with sterile saline and dried using paper points. Obturation was accomplished by gutta percha using lateral condensation technique. MTA Fillapex sealer was used in Group 1 and 3 where as Adseal was used in Group 2 and 4. Dye penetration method was used to evaluate apical leakage. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS 14 software (Significant level was considered at P Results. Group 3 showed maximum amount of apical leakage (3.7±0.3 mm) whereas Group 2 showed least amount of apical leakage (2.1±0.4 mm) among all the experimental groups. Significant differences were found in the amount of apical leakage among all the groups (P = 0.00001)
    Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite followed by 17% EDTA and Adseal combination showed best apical seal.
    Keywords: Micro, leakage, root canal irrigants, root canal preparation, root canal sealants, sealing efficacy, smear layer
  • Farhang Mahboub, Soodabeh Kimyai, Elahe Molavi Pages 257-262
    Background and aims. Occlusal rims are used to determine the jaw relationships in the transverse and vertical dimensions and estimate the inter-occlusal distance in edentulous patients. It is important to find ways to determine the height and shape of the occlusal rims correctly. The aim of the present study was to determine the exact distance between the oral cavity floor and the incisal edges of mandibular incisors to serve as a guide for adjusting the height of the mandibular occlusal rim.
    Materials and methods. Forty patients were selected and special trays were fabricated to prepare accurate stone casts on which the measurements were made at 0.01-mm accuracy. Two marks were placed on the casts at the incisal edges of mandibular incisors and at anterior attachment oflingual frenum. Then the distance between these two marks was determined on the vertical spindle of a surveyor using a digital Vernier measuring tool and recorded.
    Results. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the distances between the oral cavity floor and the incisal edges of mandibular incisors were 14.35±1.68 mm, with a range of 10.2‒17.02 mm. The mean distances in males and females were 15.42±0.97 and 13.28±1.57 mm, respectively. T-test showed significant differences in this distance between males and females, with greater distances in males.
    Conclusion. The distance between the oral cavity floor and the incisal edges of mandibular incisors at anterior attachment of lingual frenum might be a proper criterion for the initial adjustment of occlusal rims.
    Keywords: edentulous, lingual frenum, vertical dimensions
  • Steven Toth, Jill A. York, Nicholas Depinto Pages 263-269
    Background. In the medical sense, stigma has been defined as the collection of negative attitudes and beliefs that are directed at people living with a particular condition or disease process. A cohort study was conducted to explore the HIV stigma that is perceived by HIV positive individuals versus that perceived by the general population within a community based dental clinic.
    Methods. Two separate and independent cross sectional surveys, the Berger Stigma Scale and the Rutgers-Modified Berger Stigma Scale, were employed in order to analyze the stigma factors of an HIV positive population versus an HIV negative general population, respectively. The HIV stigma factors studied included personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concern with public attitudes.
    Results. HIV positive patients perceived less stigma than their non-diagnosed counterparts projected they would for every studied stigma factor (p Conclusions. Interestingly, there is a misplaced expectation by the general population that HIV positive individuals experience more stigma than the HIV positive population in the clinic actually reported. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma should be an integral component of comprehensive care for all patients.
    Keywords: attitudes, HIV, AIDS, mental health, public health, self, perception, stigma
  • Shannon Astill, Nikelle Ricketts, Love, Amrit Singh, Dylan Kurtz, Yong Hoon Gim, Boyen Huang Pages 270-279
    Background
    Dental students have reported a high prevalence of psychological stress and the causes are associated with the challenging dental environmental and demographic factors. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary investigation on dental students’ stress status, using a sample of first-to-third-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students in an Australian university. Special interests included causes of dental environmental stress and access to help services.
    Methods
    A sample of 145 students was surveyed with a modified Dental Environmental Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale in 2014. The participants’ demographic information was also collected.
    Results
    The response rate was 95.4%. Second years (p=0.042), third years (p
    Conclusion
    Causes of dental environment stress varied among years of study and demographic backgrounds. Professional support to stressed students needs to be enhanced. Further investigation is indicated.
    Keywords: dental environmental stress, perceived stress, dental students, dental education