Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Jun 2016

Background and aims. Because of increasing concerns about surgeries in the anterior maxilla, including implant placement, it is necessary to examine the morphology of the nasopalatine canal and its surrounding bones. This study aimed to analyze the shape and position of the nasopalatine canal and incisive foramen using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and methods. CBCT images of 110 patients referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry were examined. The size and shape of the nasopalatine canal and incisive foramen, the distance between the incisive foramen and the anterior nasal spine, and the distance between the anterior border of the nasopalatine canal and the labial surface of the buccal plate were recorded.
Results. The nasopalatine canal length decreased and its diameter increased with aging. The canal was found to be longer and wider in men. Patients without incisors had longer and thicker nasopalatine canals. The distance from the nasopalatine canal to the labial surface of the buccal plate was not gender-related but decreased with age. The distance to the labial cor-tical surface decreased significantly with loss of incisors.
Conclusion. Given the diversities in the size and shape of nasopalatine canals, it is highly important to perform CBCT to prevent neurovascular damage.

Background and aims. Dental plaque and gingivitis were controlled by administration of chemical agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) which is recognized as a gold standard of chemical agents. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two mouthwashes (0.2% CHX and Kin Gingival) on clinical parameters.
Materials and methods. A total of 88 subjects were included in this interventional‒experimental study. The subjects were divided into two groups of 44 (group 1: 0.2% CHX and group 2: Kin Gingival). The study involved no mechanical plaque control methods. Patients used the mouthwashes twice a day for two weeks. Clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP), which were measured before and after the use of mouthwashes. The results were analyzed by Man-Whitney U and chi-squared tests. Statistical significance was set at P Results. The results indicated that PI, GI and PD significantly decreased in group 2 (Kin Gingival) in comparison with group 1 (0.2% CHX) (P 0.05).
Conclusion. Based on the results it can be concluded that Kin Gingival and 0.2% CHX mouthwashes decrease the clinical parameters in patients significantly. However, Kin Gingival is more effective than 0.2% CHX, which might be attributed to the synergic antibacterial potential of Kin Gingival ingredients like sodium fluoride.

Aims and The present study was carried to evaluate the adjunctive effect of the local application of hyaluronan gel to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Twelve patients with chronic periodontitis participated in the study with a split mouth design. Plaque formation and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated pre-treatment (baseline) and at 1st, 4th and 12th weeks post-treatment. Probing Depth (PD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and at 12th weeks. A 0.2ml of 0.8% hyaluronan gel was administered subgingival in the test sites at baseline and after 1st week.
Test group showed a significant lower mean plaque score and mean BOP as compared to control group at 1st, 4th and 12th weeks, which was statistically significant (p

Background and aims. Traditional methods of diagnosing periodontal diseases have their limitations, which include inability to provide information about the recent activity of the disease and difficulty in diagnosing the disease at an early stage when clinical changes have not started. This has necessitated the use of biomarkers designed to overcome these short-comings.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among three groups of 27 participants each to assess the level of salivary alkaline phosphatase (SALP). The groups consisted of a control group (healthy) and two test groups (gingivitis and periodontitis). Saliva samples were collected and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out.
Results. The highest mean SALP level (87.78 U/L) was found in group III, followed by group II (73.56 U/L), with group I exhibiting the least (38.89 U/L). The differences in the mean SALP between groups I and II, II and III, and I and III were statistically significant. Correlation between periodontal pockets depth and mean SALP was significant in group III.
Conclusion. Variations in mean SALP levels among subjects with different periodontal conditions showed that mean SALP can differentiate various degrees of periodontal conditions and therefore has the potential to be used as a biochemical marker for periodontal disease.

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of calcium-enriched mixture ce-ment (CEM), composite resin and nano-particled mineral trioxide aggregate (NP-MTA) using human gingival fibroblasts.
Materials and methods. A comparative in vitro cell culture study was carried out using 60 single-rooted teeth which were assigned to the following four groups: 1) untreated healthy group (control); 2) restored with composite resin; 3) CEM cement; 4) NP-MTA. The MTT assay was used to measure the viability of fibroblasts attached to each specimen and scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for describing cell morphology.
Results. After 24 hours of incubation, the survival rates for composite resin and NP-MTA were 74.1% and 76.9%, respec-tively, which were significantly lower than the value in the control group, while both were equally biocompatible. No sta-tistically significant difference was found between the control group and CEM cement samples (94.3%). After 3 days of incubation, some increases in the viability of fibroblasts were detected in the composite resin and NP-MTA groups, with their survival rates being 89% and 93%, respectively. Conversely, in the CEM cement group, the survival rate decreased to 80.7%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0001).
Conclusion. The results of in vitro tests indicated that on days 1, 3 and 5 after incubation, composite resin, CEM cement and NP-MTA exhibited acceptable biocompatibility, provided they were allowed to set for 24 hours before exposure to the cells.

Background and aims. Streptococcus mutans is an important species in oral microflora and its components have been found to stimulate production of proinflammatory cytokines in dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate proin-flammatory cytokines (IL-1α and IL-6) in patients with S. mutans.
Materials and methods. Seventy samples were selected during pulpectomy and investigated for the presence of IL-1α and IL-6 by ELISA. The results were analyzed by t-test (α = 0.05).
Results. The results showed higher mean concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1a in inflamed pulpal tissues in subjects with den-tal caries associated with S. mutans, compared with intact pulpal tissue samples; these higher means were statistically sig-nificant in all cases (P