فهرست مطالب

Modern Care Journal - Volume:15 Issue: 2, Apr 2018

Modern Care Journal
Volume:15 Issue: 2, Apr 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/01/31
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Zohreh Azarkar *, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh, Mohammad Fereidouni Page 1
    Background And Objectives
    Hepatitis C is a dangerous viral infection, which is the important cause of chronic liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has six major genotype of HCV identified for which are different in prevalence, carcinogenicity, persistency, and response to the treatment. Identification of HCV genotype and viral load are main factors for planning of the treat and prediction of response. There has not been any study regarding the viral load and genotype distribution of HCV in our area and this study was done to evaluate risk factors, viral load, and genotype of HCV among prisoners in East Iran.
    Methods
    In a cross-sectional study, 2,995 prisoners across the South Khorasan province were screened for the anti-HCV antibody by ELISA method. A total of 38 prisoners with positive results were selected for further evaluation. Demographic data as well as predisposing factors were obtained from the records. A total of 5 ml of venous blood was taken and after RNA extraction, viral load genotype and HCV were identified by using the commercial Real Time PCR and PCR method, respectively.
    Results
    Among 2,995 prisoners, 34 cases (mean age 39 ± 8.8 years, M/F ratio: 13.1) were positive for HCV antibody. A total of 50% were married, 79.4% were urban citizens, and 97.1% of patients infected with HCV had drug addiction. In 28 cases (82.3%), the virus was detected by real time PCR method. Genotype 3a and 1a were the most prevalence genotypes (75% and 8.3%, respectively). The average of viral load was 123,798 IU/mL. There was no significant relation between age or sex with viral load and genotype.
    Discussion and
    Conclusions
    This study showed that the predominant genotype in prisoners is the genotype 3a, which adds to the evidence of the predominant genotype in Iran. The genotype of injecting drugs prisoners is different to other groups infected with Hepatitis C in Iran.
    Keywords: Hepatitis C, Genotype, Prison, Iran
  • Mahsa Nourizadeh, Mahla Rostami, Fariba Saeedi, Hasan Niknejad, Maryam Tatari * Page 2
    Background
    Today, surgery can help prevent many deaths and reduce unpleasant complications of illness; however, it may expose the patient to further risks and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of post - anesthesia complications in the recovery unit of the 9 - day medical education hospital of Torbat - e - Heydariyeh.
    Methods
    This cross - sectional study was performed on 268 patients who underwent surgery in the 9 - day medical education hospital of Torbat - e - Heydariyeh in 2016. A checklist with verified validity that has been used to collect information, contains section 1: patient demographic information and section 2: post - anesthetic complications. After performing any surgery, the checklist was completed by the anesthetist in the recovery unit. After collecting the data, the data analysis of descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact and Chi - square tests were analyzed with SPSS 20 software.
    Results
    Of the 268 patients examined in this study, 159 patient (59.3%) were female and 109 (40.7%) were male. In this study of postoperative complications in the recovery unit, 93 patients (34.7%) suffered from cardiovascular complications, 29 (10.8%) from respiratory, and 128 (47.7%) from neurological. Hypothermia and shivering with 60 (22.4%) and nausea and vomiting with 7 (6.2%) were the highest and least frequency.
    Conclusions
    Since incidence of postoperative complications seem to be high in the post - anesthetic care unit, several scientific studies are recommended and use of modern surgical procedure, anesthetics, and monitoring to prevent, detect, and control these complications in prenatal groups seems essential.
    Keywords: Post - anesthetic Complications_Recovery_Torbat - e - Heydariyeh
  • Mina Hemmati *, S. Elham Mostafavi, Asghar Zarban, Reyhane Hoshyar Page 3
    Background
    Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress has been participated in complications of diabetes. Although the beneficial effects of flavonoid quercetin in diabetes is known, target of this flavonoid in molecular level is unclear. This study aimed to investigate expression level of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase as key enzyme in glucose metabolism in diabetes model rats treated with
    Methods
    24 adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. Healthy control group (n = 8) and two streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg) as diabetic control group (n = 8) and quercetin treated group (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) (n = 8). At the end of treatment period (21 days), fasting blood sugar, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity in three groups of rats were measured, and the expression of stress proteins such as HSF-1, HSP27, and HSP70 as well as the enzymes glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were assayed by real time PCR.
    Results
    Quercetin significantly decreased fasting blood sugar and malondialdehyde levels compared with diabetic control group (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast total antioxidant capacity increased in quercetin treated group. The mRNA levels of HSP27, HSP70, HSF-1, and glucose-6-phosphatase decreased while the expression of glucokinase significantly increased in response to quercetin (P ≤ 0.05).
    Conclusions
    These findings indicate that therapeutic effects of quercetin could be through increase in transcript level of glucokinase simultaneously decreasing expression level of glucose-6-phosphatase and stress proteins. This is useful especially for Health-care practitioners to set up clinical use of quercetin for nutritional management of diabetes.
    Keywords: Glucokinase, Heat Shock Protein, Flavonoid, Oxidative Stress, Quercetin
  • Ali Imani_Saeed Esmaeeli_Mina Golestani_Djavad Ghoddoosi - Nejad *_Elham Baghban Baghestan_Morteza Arab - Zozani Page 4
    Background
    With growing usage of Internet in daily life, there is a risk of addiction to using the Internet among users especially students, who use the Internet as a tool for their educational duties. Addiction to the Internet may be a risk factor for educational burnout, which may cause educational failure. This study was designed to determine the relation between Internet addiction and educational burnout among students in the faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences.
    Materials And Methods
    This is a cross - sectional study in which all of the students of the Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, in 2015, were included. The data were collected using Young’s Internet Addiction questionnaire and Maslach Educational Burnout questionnaire. The independent t - test, ANOVA, and linear regression were used to analyze data by using SPSS - v19 (P
    Results
    The total mean ± SD Internet addiction score was 25.35 ± 16.44. A significant relationship was found between addiction to the Internet and variables such as sex and residential location (P
    Conclusions
    Given the positive relationship between Internet addiction and educational burnout among students, it’s necessary for authorities to declare the risk of overuse of Internet for students and encourage them to optimize the use of this technology to prevent outcomes such as educational burnout.
    Keywords: Educational Burnout, Internet Addiction, Student
  • Mansooreh Momen-Heravi *, Hasan Afzali Page 5
    Background
    Patients, who receive hemodialysis and patients with beta-thalassemia major are at great risk for blood-borne viral infections, chiefly different types of hepatitis.
    Objectives
    This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B and D among hemodialysis patients and patients with beta-thalassemia major in Kashan, Iran.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 on 108 patients on hemodialysis and 34 patients with beta-thalassemia major in Kashan, Iran. After explaining the aim of the study to the participants and securing their informed consents, data on their demographic and health-related characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Then, a five-milliliter venous blood sample was obtained from each participant and tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis D virus antibody. The data were entered in the SPSS program (v. 16.0) and analyzed using the Chi-square and the independent-sample t tests.
    Results
    The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among patients on hemodialysis and patients with beta-thalassemia major was 3.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of hepatitis D virus antibody positivity among these patients was 2.9% and 1.9%, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among patients on hemodialysis had a significant relationship with history of addiction and history of unprotected sex.
    Conclusions
    The prevalence of hepatitis B and D was respectively 3.7% and 8.8% among hemodialysis patients and 2.9% and 1.9% among patients with beta-thalassemia major. Effective strategies should be employed to minimize the risks of hepatitis B and D transmission among hemodialysis patients and patients with beta-thalassemia major. Moreover, regular screening programs are needed for early diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis among these patients.
    Keywords: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen_Hepatitis D Virus Antibody_Hemodialysis_Beta-Thalassemia Major
  • Gholamreza Faal *, Razieh Abbasi, Bita Bijari Page 6
    Background And Objectives
    Congenital anomalies can increase the neonatal mortality rate. Infants with anomalies suffer from long-term disabilities that impose heavy burdens on their families and healthcare systems. Understanding the prevalence of congenital anomalies helps health policy-makers develop better health-related policies. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of major congenital anomalies among live births in Birjand city, Iran.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 6,000 infants who were born from September 23, 2015, to March 6, 2016, in the maternity departments in Birjand. Stillbirths and infants who died immediately after birth, i.e. before the assessment for anomalies, were excluded. On the first day of birth, a neonatologist or a pediatrician performed a careful physical examination for each infant to diagnose probable congenital anomalies. Appropriate diagnostic procedures were also used to confirm the diagnosis when needed. Then, data on the characteristics of infants were collected using a researcher-made checklist. The data were reported using descriptive statistics such as absolute frequency, relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted using the SPSS computer program (v. 16.0) for hypothesis testing at a significance level of less than 0.05.
    Results
    The prevalence of major congenital anomalies was 1.83 cases per 1000 live births. The prevalence rates of low birth weight and prematurity were significantly greater among infants with congenital anomalies than in their non-afflicted counterparts (45.5% vs. 15.9% and 36.4% vs. 11.1%, respectively; P
    Conclusions
    This study showed that the prevalence of major congenital anomalies among live births in Birjand was 1.83 cases per 1000 live births, which is less than the rates reported in other areas of Iran.
    Keywords: Infants, Birth Weight, Congenital anomalies
  • Zahra Danaei Sij, Golamreza Manshaee *, Hossein Hasanabadi, Mohammad Ali Nadi Page 7
    Background And Objectives
    Mental disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, are multidimensional phenomena. Most patients with mental disorders reject or resist receiving treatments and hence, effective strategies are needed for their treatment. As an extension of cognitive behavioral therapy, schema therapy incorporates different views and presents a multi-component approach for the management of not only cognitions and behaviors, but also emotions. This study aimed to assess the effects of schema therapy on emotional self-awareness, vulnerability, and obsessive symptoms among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
    Methods
    This was an experimental clinical trial. Study population consisted of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who, in a six-month period in 2016, referred to psychology clinics located in Birjand, Iran. A total of 32 eligible patients were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention (i.e. schema therapy) groups. Data collection instruments were a researcher-made demographic questionnaire, Young schema questionnaire, and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale. The data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 22.0) and analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance at a significance level of less than 0.05.
    Results
    One patient from the intervention group voluntarily withdrew from the study. The posttest mean score of emotional self-awareness in the intervention group was significantly greater than the pretest mean score, while the posttest mean scores of the vulnerability schema and obsessive symptoms were significantly lower than the pretest scores (P
    Conclusions
    Schema therapy alleviates obsessive symptoms through positively affecting emotional self-awareness and the two schemas of vulnerability. These findings suggest that these variables play significant roles in the development of obsessive symptoms. Therefore, schema therapy is recommended as an effective treatment for outpatients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder.
    Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Schema Therapy, Emotional Self-Awareness, Vulnerability
  • Mahdi Hadavi, Mahdi Abdorrazagh Nejad * Page 8
    Background And Objectives
    As key members of healthcare teams, nurses need to establish communications with other healthcare providers, patients, and family members. Communication has three main types, namely passive, aggressive, and assertive. The most effective type of communication is the assertive type. Assertiveness is defined as the abilities to say no, express desires and negative/positive feelings, and start, continue, and finish a conversation. Assertiveness has many benefits for both nurses and patients. Yet, there are limited studies on assertiveness among Iranian hospital nurses. This study aimed to evaluate assertive behaviors among nurses in Qaen, an eastern city in Iran.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all 160 nurses, auxiliary nurses, and anesthesia and operating room technicians who were working at Shoahday-e Qaen hospital, Qaen, Iran, in summer 2017. A demographic questionnaire and the valid and reliable Gambrill-Richey assertion inventory were employed for data collection. The SPSS for Windows program (v. 21.0) was used to analyze the data by running the Chi-square test.
    Results
    In total, 141 participants completely filled out and returned their questionnaires. They were mostly female (67.4%) and married (82.3%). The mean of their age was 31.49 ± 7.3 with a range of 18 - 52. Only 21.3% of them were assertive, while the remaining 78.7% were either unassertive (31.2%), anxious performer (32.6%), or indifferent (14.9%).
    Conclusions
    The hospital nursing staff has limited assertiveness. Therefore, educational programs are needed to promote their communication skills and assertiveness. Improvement of nurses’ awareness and knowledge of communication skills and assertiveness can improve nurse-patient relationships, care quality, and patient outcomes.
    Keywords: Assertiveness, Communication Skills, Nursing