Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

In the present study the methyl ester of argemone oil, prepared by two step transesterification process due to its high acid value was experimented, in a variable compression ratio (VCR) multi-fuel engine to evaluate the combustion parameters like in cylinder pressure (Pr), net heat release rate (NHRR) and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR). For the current analysis engine load, compression ratio and bio-diesel blends are taken as input parameters. The mathematical models were developed and statistical significance was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A second order model is developed and is found to be adequate by ANOVA results. The validation of the model is carried out by comparing the predicated values of output responses with that of experimental results.

In this research, the effect of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated in the thermal pyrolysis of catalysis of waste tires in Bangladesh. The tires of bus and trucks were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the derived pyrolysis gases were passed through a condenser. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ZSM-5 on the composition of pyrolytic waste tires oil. The influences of pyrolysis temperature, catalyst-tires (CT) ratio on the production of the derived products were also investigated. While the catalyst-tire (CT) ratio and the pyrolysis temperature were increased the production of char and oil increased but the production of gas was in decreasing trend. Moreover, the CHNS analysis revealed that the percentage of carbon increased from 86.81% to 88.60% and the percentage of sulfur decreased from 1.325% to 1.064% while the catalyst-tire ratio was increased from 0.1 to 0.15. It was noticed from the GC-MS data that the certain aromatic compounds were a high amount as the catalyst-tire ratio was increased gradually The presence of toluene and O-xylene in pyrolytic oil of waste tires increased significantly with a 0.15 CT ratio and this pyrolytic oil would be potentially used as chemical feedstock in different industries.

In this work, the preparation of activated carbons from agricultural product, the fenugreek seeds by two approaches, chemical and microwave activation methods were studied. The characterization of carbon materials were carried out using different techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Adsorption experiment was carried out for the adsorption of two different basic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) under varying conditions such as concentration, agitation time and temperature. The data acquired from concentration variation were found to fit well with Langmuir and also Freundlich isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed the fact that the system followed second order adsorption rate. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔG≠ were calculated from the obtained data on adsorption at different temperature.

The aim of present study was to investigate the removal of lead and copper from textile wastewater using waste egg shells in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The effect of initial pH, metal concentration, adsorbent dosage and retention time were investigated. Optimum adsorption of lead (80%) was obtained at pH 6, initial metal concentration 20 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 12.5 g/L and retention time 90 minute. Also, optimum adsorption of copper (71%) was obtained at pH 6, initial metal concentration 15 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 15 g/L and retention time 75 minute. Langmuirs, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium. Langmuir isotherm showed the best fitting to the isotherm equilibrium data, with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 4.33 mg/g and 3.54 mg/g for lead and copper, respectively. Results revealed that pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic equation fit the data with a high correlation coefficient (R2 more than 0.97). Based on the results of the present study, egg shells is suitable to be used for the removal of lead and copper from textile wastewater.

Annually about 85,000 tons of raw hides and skins are estimated to be processed for leather production in Bangladesh. Tannery generates huge amount of solid and liquid wastes. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential treatment to stabilize waste and produce biogas for renewable energy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of AD of tannery solid waste (TSW) generated from the pretanning operation and to compare the effect of cow dung as the substrate to TSW. For the reaction with TSW by mixing with different substrates, biogas production was observed starting on 4th day with a steady increase. The cumulative gas production from each of the test reactors operating at the various organic loading of tannery solid waste, domestic sewage, and cow dung were different. This study shows an optimal AD process of TSW by mixing with different substrates for the obtained optimum C/N ratio and also for the high volatile solids (VS). The COD removal rates for the series of 5 reactors (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5) were 48.75, 50.84, 46.07, 45.94 and 47.78% respectively. Maximum COD removal was achieved from reactor R2 where maximum gas was also produced.

Solar still is a device, used to convert brackish water into distill water but the major issue low profitability and it is imperative to outline an ideal device. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can help designers to improve the execution of a sun oriented still for a given cost. In this study, we examine the capacity of CFD simulation in calculation of heat and mass transfer in a single basin sun powered still. Experiments were performed in month of June in Jaipur, India. In this work, single basin solar still was fabricated and then optimized using CFD based methodology for water depth of 0.01m, 0.02m and 0.03 m. CFD based results help in a designing a solar still with maximum yield productivity of distilled water. It was concluded that maximum yield was achieved when water depth has minimum value i.e. 0.01 m. Total dissolved solid (TDS) value for sample water taken at water basin was in range of 500 PPM but after distillation water at output reaches below 50 PPM. Therefore, solar still was capable of improving the quality of water and brackish water of high TDS value can be reduced and used for drinking purpose.

This paper demonstrates technique of water purification using electro-coagulation method. This system is composed of DC electric source 200 V 30 A connect to the anode and cathode terminals. The DC power supply can be received from utility or solar energy. The sample of raw water from reservoir is used to conduct experimental reaction with electrocoagulation system in order to improve water quality. The water purification experimental was implemented by batch processing with varying electrolysis time. The parameter of electro-coagulation and water quality parameters are collected such as electric voltage, electric current, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS) and electro-conductivity. The result found that the water quality has improved with the standard of domestic water supply and also drinking water standard.

This paper deals with the systematic study of performance evalaution and exhaust emission characteristics of VCR (variable compression ratio) engine at different compression ratio and loads using diesel as fuel. Experimental analysis was done to find the optimal value of compression ratio and load at which the engine can produce higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Performance parameters such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake thermal efficiency (ɳbth), brake Specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas emissions like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are considered.

This research work demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating bioremediation of a clay soil by supplementing with (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, sucrose (as an inducer for growth) and tween 80. The soil contained 7% residual gasoil. The bioremediation was stimulated by moisture adjustment to 10%, and inoculating with hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 were added to the soil to obtain soil samples with C:N:P ratios of 100:1.4:1.4, 100:6.4:1.9, 100:11.4:2.4, and 100:21.4:3.4. The C:N:P of 100:11.4:2.4 resulted in more than 78% gasoil removal for duration of two months. Tween 80, in the range of 0-20mL/ (kg soil), was added to the soil samples with C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. More than 84% removal was achieved when 10 mL/kg tween 80 was added to the soil. Sucrose, in the range of 0-20 g/(kg soil), was added to the soil samples with the C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. For the sucrose level of 20 g/(kg soil), 79% removal was obtained in two months. Additional experiment was also conducted at two porosity levels of 54% and 22%. The removal percentage in the soil with high porosity was almost twice as compared to soil with low porosity.