نشریه پترولوژی
پیاپی 34 (تابستان 1397)

Khunrang intrusive complex (KIC), as a one of the largest complexes in the southern part of Sanandaj- Sirjan zone, is located in northwest of Jiroft in the Kerman province. The complex is mainly consists of acidic-intermediate felsic rocks of diorite, quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite and granite with subordinate amounts of hornblende gabbro and microgabbro as mafic members. General texture of the samples is hypidiomorphic granular; but porphyry texture with microgranular groundmass also occasionally occurs in felsic samples. Mineral chemistry studies on the amphibole crystals in both felsic and mafic parts of KIC show that they are S-Amph type and magnesio-hornblende in composition that formed in a relatively oxidized environment in an active continental margin. Plagioclases have a range of composition from labradorite (An50.4Ab49.0Or0.6) to oligoclase (An26.2Ab73.0Or0.9) with average of andesine (An36.6Ab62.6Or0.8) and bytownite (An89.6Ab10.4Or0.0) to andesine (An35.8Ab56.0Or8.2) with average of labradorite (An56.8Ab41.9Or1.3) for felsic and mafic samples, respectively. Based on geothermobarometry studies on amphiboles and also amphibole-plagioclase pairs, average temperatures of 760-783°C and 691-717 °C with pressure ranges of

The Alamdar rhyolite has been cropped out at the highest top of Mishow Mountain Ranges (i.e. Alamdar top), east of Tasouj. Considering that the rhyolite has been intruded the Kahar Formation, its Precambrian age is more probable. The constituent minerals are quartz, K-feldspar and rare plagioclase characterizing by crystalline to hyalo-crystalline, microlitic porphyric, perthitic, hyalo porphyric and flow textures. Magmatic series of the rocks are high K calc-alkaline and shoshonite. In the view of Al-index, they are peraluminous. The investigated rocks have been classified as A-type (A2 subgroup) granitoids. REE diagrams show high enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and MREE. Spider diagrams have positive anamolies of K, Nd, Rb and negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, and Ti indicating their likely crustal source generation. On the basis of discrimination diagrams they are formed related to Post-COLG tectonic setting. Extensional regimes following to continental collision between Northern lands with Gondwanian terrains during Ediacaran has been caused decompression melting of continental crust and the Alamdar rhyolite has been originated at the Mishow collisional zone.

The Gharuchah-Sofla intrusion from south Mahabad (southeast of West Azerbaijan) consist mostly of granodiorite and tonalite, interspersed with small bodies of quartz diorite, monzogranite, syenogranite, and alkali feldspar granite. Microgranular mafic enclaves, which are mainly gabbroic diorite, diorite, and quartz diorite in composition, occur as elliptical or circular throughout the intrusion. Samples with gabbroic diorite, diorite, and quartz diorite, in composition consist primarily of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, opaque minerals, and small amount of quartz. Similar mineralogy with the occurrence of K-feldspar and only small amount of clinopyroxene, are found in tonalites, granodiorites and monzogranites. The enclaves are also characterized by the presence of clinopyroxene, biotite, opaque minerals, and small amount of quartz and alkali-feldspar. There are minor minerals such as prismatic apatite and titanite in several samples. The samples show I-type, metaluminus and calc-alkaline characteristics. The Gharuchah-Sofla dioritic gabbro-granitic intrusions are poor in high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr along with P and rich in Sr, K, Rb, and somewhat Ba. Based on the element ratios of (La/Yb)n and (La/Sm)n, levels of light rare Earth elements in the samples from the main mass are more than those of the enclaves; a demonstration of the enrichment of these elements in the main mass. The intrusions resulted from the partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge of supra subduction zone typical of subduction-related magmas. These rocks were evolved in an active continental volcanic arc with respect to the Laramide orogeny and the Neotethys subduction under the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone at the post Cretaceous. Magmatic ages of the intrusions are post Cretaceous during the Laramide orogeny. Deep subduction-related faults and fractional crystallization in the crustal chambers helped to petrological evolve the intrusions.

The Gapdan granitoid is located in the southwestern margin of Zahedan granitoid and in the Sistan suture zone. The granitoid under study is composed of granite, monzogranite, granodiorite, pegmatite and diorite. These rocks consist mainly quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, biotite and hornblende with granular and pegmatite textures. This pluton has intersected by andesitic to dacitic dykes with similar mineralogy with those of the Gapdan granitoid, but they have microlitic and microlitic porphyry textures indicating their formation at a shallow depth and sub-volcanic conditions. The Gapdan granitoid is characterized by metapelitic enclaves with dark-colored and irregular edges with their host pluton and are often enriched in quartz and mica minerals and usually granular texture. Geochemical studies show that the study rocks have calcalkaline to low alkaline magmatic series and metaluminous, I type, LREE and LILE enrichment and depleted in HREE and HFSE. These geochemical characteristics share with those of continental arcs. The amount of Nb / Ce (ave. 0.27) and Nb / La (ave. 0.58) ratios indicate the effect of crustal on the evolution of the Gapdan granite. Tectono magmatic diagrams show the Gapdan granitoid rocks related to syncollision to low post collision environments. According to geochemical data, the study granitoid rocks possibly originated by the rising residual melts from partial melting of oceanic crust (Neo-Tethys) during the collision between the Lut and the Sistan blocks (particularly the Sistan oceanic crust and the mantle wedge overlying it). The continental crust (Flysch and greywake metamorphosed deposit) has been affected the contamination of magma and its formation in post collisional tectonic regimes. Therefore, the Gapdan granitoid may be considered as a hybrid granite type.

In Gol-e-Gohar micaschists from south-east Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (Kerman province), there are particular tourmaline crystals and this work, investigates their mode of formation. They enriched in Mg and Na (Mg: 1.830 a.p.f.u and Na: 0.680 a.p.f.u), and so, they are dravite in compositions and they belong to alkaline series. Delineated combinational profiles from core to rim in these tourmalines display a weak compositional zoning. Evidences such as existence of quartz inclusions in these minerals, equilibriated boundaries between the tourmalines and biotites in all cases and orientation of some tourmaline crystals along with other metapelite-forming minerals and weak chemical zoning in them indicate that they formed during or after acting tectonic forces and metamorphic events. Moreover, chemical composition 0f the studied tourmalines, such as F

Baba Ali Index 2, iron deposit is located in the northwest of Hamedan province and the southwestern of Baba Ali village in the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone. According to the field and microscopic studies, host rocks are including acid to intermediate igneous rocks, schists and skarns. Magnetite-limonite layers are the main ore minerals in this deposit. Limonite layers are unusual in the iron deposits. Limonite in polished sections is found in layer shape and magnetite replacement. Geochemical measurements was performed on magnetite and limonite samples by ICP-MS methods. Correlation and classification diagrams and REE parameters were calculated for geochemistry coditions. According to drown diagrams this index is c IOCG-type and skarn sub-type deposit. Mineralized fluids has injected into host rocks, mixed with layered limestone xenoliths and magnetite has been percipitated and replaced at the high temperature in oxidized condition. Magnetite altered to limonite by Re-injecte hydrothermal fluids. Limonite has been deposited as an initial phase by hydrothermal fluids in large volumes and with the replacement of primary layerd carbonate xenoliths and unusual sequence of magnetite- limonite layers has created in this deposit.

The Oligocene Soheyle Pakuh granitoid body is located in the Urumieh- Dokhtar zone, which composed predominately of granodiorite, diorite and granite with mafic, aplite dikes and iron-tourmaline veins. On the base of geochemical characteristics, the composition of the tourmalines is schorl-dravite series with more tendency toward schorl component. The R1 versus R3 diagram as well as by changing the tuormaline composition from Schorl to Dravite, depletion from alkali increases. Using of the Ca-Fe-Mg and Al-Fe-Mg ternary diagrams display that the The tourmalines from the Soheyle Pakuh granitoid body associated with quartz- tourmaline, meta- pelites, ca- depleted meta- psamite and meta- pelites associated with Al-phase. Oscillatory chemical zoning in the tourmaline crystals by increasing of Mg, Na and Al values in the rims than to the core, point to effect of the hydrothermal fluids. The substitution process in the structure of the tourmalines Soheyle Pakuh granitoid body mostly in accordance with the AlNa-1Mg-1,lOMg-1(OH)-1 AlOR2 -1(OH)-1, Al(NaR)-1 FeAl-1exchange vectors. Since, the FeO/FeO㈃ ratio for is limited to 0.60-0.79 values, therefore, their source may be supposed by the way from magmatic system to a hydrothermal environment.

The Ti-Fe Dar Gaz anomaly, is located in part of Kahnuj ophiolitic complex, S Iran, and consists of five major units; coarse-grained ferrogabbro to pyroxene-hornblende gabbro unit, fine-grained pyroxene-hornblende gabbro unit, fine-grained hornblende gabbro unit, feldspathic wehrlite unit and granitoieds. Sheeted diabasic, aplitic and plagiogranite dykes cross cut all the ultramafic-mafic major units. Mafic rocks are composed of pyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, magnetite and ilmenite. Olivine and clinopyroxene occur as the main cumulus minerals in the ultramafic unit. Fe-Ti oxides occur as disseminated ores, intercumulus minerals and inclusions in silicate minerals. These rocks plot along the MgO-FeO* side in AFM diagram and associate with tholeiitic differentiation trend. The major element contents of the mafic rocks show narrow variations and located in the mafic cumulate, and show low-K series. REE-chondrite normalized patterns show that ultramafic rocks enriched in HREE rather than LREE, and with increase of hornblende modal in rocks, MREE and LREE increase, also. REE-chondrite and primitive mantle normalized patterns show that ultramafic and mafic rocks have a same parental magma with characteristics of mid-ocean ridge basalts.

The Takab Precambrian rocks with a variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks including pelitic schists, gneiss, meta-ultramafic, amphibolites, calc-silicate and granitoids crop out in the northwest of Iran. In the context of the structural subdivisions of Iran, the Takab Complex has been assigned to the Central Iran Zones; it seems to have more affinities to this zone from the viewpoint of stratigraphy, lithology and age data. P-T conditions of metapelitic and meta-ultramafic rocks attributed to the most orogenic belts, in the other hand geochemical studies of metapelitic and gneiss protolith is related to magmatic arc tectonic setting. All these characteristics and the presence of paleo-suture zones and ophiolitic rocks around the high grade metamorphic rocks suggest an island-arc type cratonization formed the Takab Precambrian basement. This complex belonged to a greater late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic orogenic system that was active along the Proto-Tethyan margin of the Gondwanaland supercontinent, extending at least from its Arabian margin to the Himalayan margin of the Indian subcontinent.

The Paleogene volcanic rocks in southwest of Basiran belong to the Lut Block volcanic–plutonic belt in eastern Iran. The studied rocks range from basaltic to rhyolitic compositions (basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite) with a peak in intermediate compositions. These rocks are dominated by porphyritic and glomeroporphyric textures with microlitic groundmass. Geochemical evidence reveals that they have typical features of calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic rocks. Generally, enrichment in LILEs (like Cs, K, U and Th) rather than HFSEs (like Nb, P, Zr and Ti), negative anomalies of Nb and Ti and high LREEs/HREEs ratio in these rocks are similar to magmatic rocks in subduction zones. Positive anomalies of Pb show involvement of continental crust in evolution of parental magma. However, geochemical difference of acidic and basic-intermediate rocks may be resulted from more evolved nature of acidic magma compared to basic-intermediates or alteration effects. Based on geochemical characteristics and tectonic discrimination diagrams the studied volcanic rocks presumably formed in an immature to normal continental arc setting. Furthermore, primitive magma of basic-intermediate associations could be generated by low degree partial melting (less than 5%) of mantle peridotite (garnet lherzolite) in depth of 90-110 km.