فصلنامه دانش حسابداری
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of sentiments and behavioral tendencies of investors on pricing of capital assets. For this purpose, the adjusted three-factor model of Fama and French has been used based on the evaluation criteria for emotions of the investor. This study has been done based on the information released by listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, in the period between 1389 and 1394, with the selected sample consisting of 141 companies.
Results of testing hypothesis show an increase in the explanatory factor of pricing model of capital assets as well as each of its components by adding emotion indexes. Investor emotions indices used in this study includes financial turnover of shares in the market, ratio of days with uptrend to days with downtrend of the stock price and the ratio of spending stock dividend profit. The first and second indicators of investor emotions has a positive and significant relationship with the returns of stock portfolios and regarding the third index, no significant relationship was observed in the model; while, positive emotions compared to negative emotions have a distinct impact on asset pricing. Also, the first and second indicators of emotions impact the market factor of Fama and French model, all three indicators of emotions impact the factor of size of the company in Fama and French model and also the second and third indicators of emotions impact the factor of ratio of book value to market value of Fama and French model.

In the global financial crisis, managers are under pressure and in order to avoid bankruptcy, manipulate financial information to hide or postpone financial distress status. According to theoretical foundations and literature review, this research investigates one of the most important factors influencing the quality of earnings. This study uses seven criteria to measure earnings quality. These include ex-post and ex-ante conservatism, value relevance, accruals quality, earnings persistence and earnings smoothing. The global financial crisis by using zero-one dummy variable is measured. For data analysis, multivariate regression models and panel data have been used. The research statistical sample consisted of 148 companies listed in TSE during the period 2005 to 2015. Research findings shows that the financial crisis through a positive impact on some of the earnings quality criteria, including earnings persistence and smoothing, improves earnings quality and, through negative impact on the some of the other criteria, including conservatism, value relevance, accruals quality and earnings predictability, earnings quality will be reduces. The findings also indicate that earnings quality before the period of global financial crisis is more than earnings quality during the global financial crisis.

In business environment, accounting standard is one of the main factors that affect different zones such as accounting and auditing profession. In this study, using structural equation modeling approach, the role of accounting standards setting approaches (rule-based and principle-based standards) on the psychological characteristics of the auditors is investigated. To collect data, a scenario was used that in terms of accounting standards manipulated at two levels: rule-based and principle-based. The results show that principle-based standards compared to rule-based standards lead to higher levels of epistemic motivation and process accountability of auditors. Also, results indicate that accounting standards type has no significant effect on the level of evidence requested by auditors but, principle-based standards indirectly through mediation of process accountability increases the level of auditor evidence requested. Other findings showed that process accountability directly affect the level of evidence requested. However, the results indicate that epistemic motivation has no significant effect on the level of evidence requested by auditors. Overall, findings showed the positive impact of principle-based accounting standards on the process accountability and epistemic motivation of auditors. This conclusion confirms that a principle-based approach should be more considered by standard-setters and policy makers in the field of accounting and auditing.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stock return volatility as an indication of the environmental uncertainty on the working capital accruals. This research is applied and the use of Ex-Post Facto approach. In this study, according to real options-based investment approach was predicted that high stock return volatility will be reduced accruals. For this purpose, a sample of 108 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange have been selected and during the period of beginning of the year 2011 until the end of 2014 year were studied. To calculate some variables have also been used the data of years 2010 and 2015. The results show that there has been a negative relationship between the volatility of stock returns and working capital accruals, And financial distress of firms will reduce the intensity of this relationship. One of the main reasons for reducing the intensity of the negative relationship between stock return volatility and accruals in the firms under financial distress could be the motivation transfer risk by investors. Also contrary to what was anticipated, high operating cycle is not caused to increase the intensity of the negative relationship between stock return volatility and working capital accruals.

An emerging literature in finance and accounting explores the impact of overconfident managers. There is evidence that managerial overconfidence is associated with firm activities. Based on the tenets of overconfidence, we expect these managers to be more likely to maintain ineffective controls. Beacause they are overestimate their own ability and believe they can control events that are actually largely outside of their control. Based on these idea The main purpose of this research examine the association between managerial overconfidence and internal controls by using a sample of firm listed in Tehran stock exchange between 2007 to 2015. The research Hypothesis is tested utilizing panel data regression model. Our finding indicate a positive significant relationship between the managerial overconfidence and material weakness in internal control. Moreover we find no evidence that these managers are more able to mitigate the known negative consequences of ineffective internal controls (inefficient investments and lower future operating efficiency).

In recent years, several companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange is revaluated their non-current assets and is increased their capital In order to reform the financial structure and exit the inclusion of Article 141 of the Commercial Code. The aim of this study is Which structure can justify this expression?For this purpose we selected 70 companies that were accepted in the years 2010-2016 in Tehran stock Exchane (35 companies which is revaluated their non-current assets and 35 companies which is not evalated their non- current asstst.we are used To test of the hypothesis by Eviews 9 Software package and panel data. The findings show that revaluation of assets leads to an increase in audit fees in the later periods. The companies that were revaluated their assets compared with other companies, incured additional audit costs.

Fraud possibility in issued financial statements, negative effects in financial markets and decrease in investment have caused to special attention of responsible regulatory agencies to detection and prevention from fraud. This research aimed to investigation into fuzzy approach ability to fraud detection in financial reporting of some accepted firms by Tehran Stock Exchange. Three hypotheses were stated in this research: 1) Fuzzy decision tree classifier can detect fraud in financial reporting. 2) Sugeno fuzzy classifier can detect fraud in financial reporting. 3) There is a significant difference between results of using fuzzy decision tree classifier and Sugeno fuzzy classifier. The mentioned fuzzy approaches were programmed and hypotheses were tested using Matlab Software. Accuracy average for Fuzzy decision tree classifier was 31/312 and for Sugeno fuzzy classifier was 80/92. It means that the first hypothesis was rejected and the second and third hypotheses were confirmed.