فصلنامه دانش حسابداری
پیاپی 33 (تابستان 1397)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of accounting comparability on investment efficiency. When a firm has greater accounting comparability with industry peer firms it facilitates that firm’s learning from peer firm investments leading to better investments by the subject firm. Therefore, we expect firms with greater accounting comparability, have higher investment efficiency. Using regression analysis, the relationship between these variables was investigated in 166 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2008 to 2015. Evidence of research shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between accounting comparability and investment efficiency. In other words, accounting comparability increases the amount of access to accounting information about investment projects, and leads to improved investment decisions.

The Tradeoff Theory explain that there is always an optimum level of cash holding in the company, in contrast to other theories about how much cash is kept, such as the hierarchy of finance theory, believes that there is no optimal level for cash holding in the company. In this study, for the purpose of tradeoff theory test, we examine the deviation from the optimal level of cash holdings and value from shareholder's perspective. The data of this research includes 770 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2015. To assess the theory of cash holing by the company, it was divided into two parts: (1) optimal level of cash holdings; (2) deviation from the optimal level of cash of the company. The results of the research show that when changes in cash holdings are such that cash are closing to optimal level. A one rial for shareholders is worth more than one rial (1.13 riyals), and vice versa when adding a riyal to the company's cash leads to away from the optimal level of cash, one added rial worth less than one riyal (0.97 rial) .Therefore, the results of this research are consistent with the theory of balance of cash holdings.

Cost Accounting has always been one of the most important systems of management accounting. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of cost accounting changes on financial performance of manufacturing firms through the variable of pricing system by considering moderator effect of perceived environmental uncertainty. The data of the study have also been collected based on the information from 80 manufacturing firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To analyze the data in this study, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The results show that the effect of cost accounting changes on financial performance is positive and significant. Also despite the negative effect of pricing system changes on financial performance, the total effect of cost accounting changes on financial performance was also positive and significant. The results also reveal that moderator effect of perceived environmental uncertainty on the effect of cost accounting changes and pricing system changes on financial performance is not significant.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of customer concentration on tax avoidance considering the moderating role of real earnings management. To measure tax avoidance, the difference between the legal and actual tax rates of the company has been used. The sample of this study consists of 79 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2006 to 2015. To test the hypotheses, multivariate linear regression model was used. The results indicated that customer concentration had a significant positive impact on the activities of tax avoidance. In addition, the findings showed that a positive relationship between customer concentration and tax avoidance is more pronounced when a firm engages less in real earnings management. In the other words, firms with major customers that engage in real earnings management are likely to engage in less tax avoidance, and are consistent with a substitution effect between real earnings management and tax avoidance.

If the reward is not commensurate with managers actual performance not only increase corporate value but also is a means to transfer wealth. In this study, the question is raised that, Is in the reward programs to Motivation to achieve Profit threshold and Asymmetric adjustments of profit target, that effect the precision of earnings in form of manipulation and management them, attention and attention is enough? So the main aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of Motivation to achieve Profit threshold and Asymmetric adjustments of profit target as a dimension of precision of earnings, to board of director’s bonus. Therefore, the data related to the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2009 to 2016 were extracted and the combination regression model were used to test the hypothesis. The results show that the Achieving profit thresholds, played an active role in rewarding managers, And they reduce the bonus and asymmetric adjustment of target profits will have a positive effect on bonus, while in companies with good and poor performance in the industry, this has a negative and significant impact on bonus.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of behavioral variables such as managerial overconfidence, herding behavior and investor sentiment on stock returns. To this end, using the data of 75 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the seven-year period of 2010-2016, the index of managerial overconfidence, herding behavior of investors and the investor sentiment are calculated and their impact on stock returns were examined. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the linear regression model has been used by estimating generalized least squares (EGLS). Evidence and empirical results of the research showed that the behavioral variables studied in the research have a reciprocal and significant effect on the stock returns of the companies. Therefore, the greater the degree of reliance on managerial overconfidence, investors’ herding behavior and investor sentiment, the more inverse effect on the companies’ stock returns, we will see.

As an intangible asset, managerial ability is believed to be one of the components of corporate human capital. According to signaling theory, capable managers usually perform well and are less likely to hide their appropriate performance. Therefore, they tend to disclose more readable financial report, thereby communicating their optimum performance and ability to stakeholders and markets. According to this argument, thus, the present study is concerned with investigating the impact of managerial ability on the readability of corporate financial reporting. To this end, FOG Index and Text Length index are used to compute the readability of financial reporting, and to measure the managerial ability, Demerjian et al. (2012) model is employed. The research hypothesis was developed on a basis of a sample of 91 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012- 2016, and then was tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data. Confirming the predictions made by signaling theory, the results suggest that managerial ability can improve corporate financial reporting readability. The results of additional analyses also reveal that the relationship between managerial ability and financial reporting readability is more pronounced in larger firms.