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Occupational and Environmental Medicine - Volume:10 Issue: 2, Apr 2019

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Apr 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/02/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Farrokh Habibzadeh Page 53
    Altmetrics; Archiving systems; Respository
  • Mahboobeh Yadollahie * Pages 54-56
  • Jonas Hermansson *, Henrik Bggild, Johan Hallqvist, Bendt Karlsson, Anders Knutsson, Tohr Nilsson, Christina Reuterwall, Katja Gillander Gdin Pages 57-65
    Background
    Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work.
    Objective
    To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction.
    Methods
    This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45–70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis.
    Results
    There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38).
    Conclusion
    Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.
    Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Epidemiology, Risk factors, Shift work schedule, Synergy
  • Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi, Behnam Amiri Besheli, Tahere Dehdari, Fatemeh Khalili * Pages 66-72
    Background
    The unsafe use of chemical pesticides, along with the lack of appropriate preventive protocols and equipment may damage the health of users.
    Objective
    To determine the knowledge and practice of the safe use of chemical pesticides by farm workers in northern Iran.
    Methods
    The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 farmers in Mazandaran province, in 2017. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire: The first part was concentrated on demographic and agricultural characteristics of the participants; the second part dealt with the farmers' knowledge and practice of the safe use of pesticides.
    Results
    The mean knowledge and practice scores (out of 100) of the participating farmers in the safe use of pesticides were 84.8 (SD 13.5) and 50.8 (13.2), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.466, p<0.001) between their knowledge and practice. Wearing protective clothes, while applying pesticides, was among safe practices. Although more than 60% of farmers had a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement their knowledge in practice. There was a significant (p<0.001) association between the education level and knowledge of the safe use of pesticides.
    Conclusion
    There was a significant correlation between knowledge and practices of the safe use of pesticides among farmers in northern Iran. There was a clear know-do gap—although the majority of the participants possessed a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement it in practice.
    Keywords: Health knowledge, attitudes, practice, Knowledge, Safety, Pesticides, Farmers
  • Salim Shayakhmetov *, Olga Zhurba, Anton Alekseenko, Alexey Merinov Pages 73-79
    Background
    Thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) is the main metabolite of vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and its urinary level is correlated with the level of exposure to these chemicals.
    Objective
    To study dynamics of the excretion of TDAA into urine of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production workers.
    Methods
    The study sample consisted of 65 workers of VC and PVC divisions with various time intervals following exposure to the chemicals, 10 shift workers from PVC division, and 34 workers not exposed to the chemicals (control group). Analysis of urinary TDAA was carried out with gas chromatography with mass-selective detector.
    Results
    The concentrations of TDAA in the urine of workers of the VC division and in group of primary occupations who had a high level of exposure to the chemicals, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of workers of the PVC production division and group of auxiliary professions. The highest levels of TDAA in the urine of workers were found at the beginning of the next shift and during a long break, 24–48 hours after the cessation of the exposure.
    Conclusion
    When conducting biomonitoring studies in PVC production workers, the optimal time for collecting urine samples is at the beginning of the next shift or during a long rest, 24–48 hours after the exposure.
    Keywords: Vinyl chloride, thiodiacetic acid [Supplementary Concept], Environmental monitoring
  • Masoud Neghab, Ahmad Mirzaei *, Hamed Jalilian, Mehdi Jahangiri, Jafar Zahedi, Saeed Yousefinejad Pages 80-88
    Background
    Many workers, particularly those working in manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, rubber, pesticides, textiles, and employees of petrochemical industries are exposed to ammonia in their workplaces. Toxic responses of hematopoietic system and kidney following occupational exposure to this chemical have not been thoroughly investigated.
    Objective
    To determine the relationship between long-term occupational exposure to low levels of ammonia and hematological parameters and kidney function.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 119 randomly selected, male petrochemical workers and 131 office employees (comparison group) were examined. Urine and blood samples were taken from all participants for urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC), serum calcium level, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine. Personal, environmental, and peak ammonia exposure were also measured.
    Results
    The median personal, environmental, and peak occupational exposure to ammonia were 0.23, 0.16, and 65.50 mg/m3, respectively, among the exposed group. No significant difference was observed between the exposed and unexposed participants in terms of hematological parameters and urinalysis. Conversely, calcium and BUN, while within the normal range, were significantly higher in the exposed than in the comparison group.
    Conclusion
    Occupational exposure to low atmospheric concentrations of ammonia was associated with subtle, sub-clinical, pre-pathologic changes in kidney function. Possible longterm consequences and ramifications of these effects require further investigation.
    Keywords: Ammonia, Hematology, Kidney diseases, Occupational exposure
  • Mona Sobhi Siha, Dalia Abdel, Hamid Shaker *, Hebatalla Saad Teleb, Laila Ahmed Rashed Pages 89-93
    Lead exposure is associated with several health hazards among workers with different individual responses. We conducted this study to determine the possible effects of lead exposure on hematological parameters and kidney function of a group of Egyptian ammunition workers and the interaction of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) G177C gene polymorphisms as an effect modifier. Significant differences were observed between exposed workers with ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2 genotypes in terms of blood lead level, hematological parameters and kidney function. It seems that δ-ALAD gene polymorphism may be an effect modifier and a marker of genetic susceptibility to lead toxicity.
    Keywords: Explosive agents, Lead, Porphobilinogen synthase, Polymorphism, genetic, beta 2-Microglobulin
  • Fahad AlSaif, Ali Somily, Ghadah Alhammad *, Abdullah Almousa, Abdulrahman Albasseet, Afnan Almutawa, Amjad Albatili, Latifah Albatly, Raya Alsuhaibani, Ziyad Alajlan, Mojahed Otayf Pages 94-96
  • Ashraf Simi Pages 97-98