فهرست مطالب

Journal of Injury and Violence Research
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Jul 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Jafar Bazyar, Hamid Safarpour, Salman Daliri, Arezoo Karimi, Meysam Safi Keykaleh, Mohammad Bazyar Page 2
    Background
    Domestic violence during pregnancy is a public health crisis, because it affects both mother ýand fetus simultaneously, resulting in irreversible consequences for mothers and their ýnewborns. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of sexual violence during ýpregnancy in the world and Iran as meta-analysis.ý
    Methods
    This study is a meta-analysis on the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy ýin the world and Iran that was conducted on Persian and English published articles up to ýý2015. To this end, through searching the information by key words and their compounds at SID, Medlib, Irandoc, Google scholar, Pubmid, ýISI, Iranmedex, Scopus and Magiran, , all related articles ýwere extracted independently by two trained researchers. The results of studies analyzed using ýthe STATA and Spss16 software.ý
    Results
    In the initial searching of 167 articles, 33 articles related to Iran, 40 articles related to ýother parts of the world and totally 73 articles met inclusion criteria for study. The prevalence ýof sexual violence during pregnancy were estimated in the world 17% (CI95%:15% -18%) and ýin Iran 28% (CI95%: 23% -32%).The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in Iran is ýý11 percent more than the world.ý
    Conclusion
    According to the present meta-analysis results, the prevalence of sexual violence ýduring pregnancy in Iran is high. Given that sexual violence during pregnancy causes damage to ýthe mother and infant, it is recommended that the relevant authorities with the implementation ýof intervention and educational programs reduce the prevalence of sexual violence during ýpregnancy.
    Keywords: Iran, pregnancy, sexual violence, meta, analysis, systematic review, domestic violence
  • Ahmed Alshahethi, Yousef Saleh Khader, Abdulwahed Al Serouri Page 3
    Background
    The burden and pattern of unintentional child injuries in Yemen are not yet studied. This study aimed to determine the rate of unintentional injuries and their associated factors and describe the pattern of these injuries among schoolchildren in Sanaa city, Yemen.
    Methods
    A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among students in grades 9 –12 in Sana’a Capital City. A total of 10 schools were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.
    Results
    A total of 1140 students (558 girls and 582 boys) participated in the study. Of all students, 550 (48.2%) students reported unintentional injuries during the last 12-months. In the multivariate analysis, boys were more likely to be injured compared to girls (OR = 1.6) and being a child of divorced or widowed parents was significantly associated with increased odds of injury (OR = 1.7). Age of the household head ≤ 45 years was associated with deceased odds of injuries (OR = 0.76). Fall was the leading cause of injury. More than half of girls (58.9%) and 30.9% of boys were injured at home. About two thirds (64.9%) of injuries affected the lower or upper extremities. One quarter of students (24.5%) received care for their injuries in outpatient clinics and 15.3% were hospitalized because of the injury. About 26.0% of injured students missed schools for one week or more. The vast majority of students (98.4%) recovered the injury while 1.6% of injuries resulted in disability.
    Conclusions
    Schoolchildren in Yemen had a high rate of unintentional injuries being higher in boys and in children of divorced or widowed parents. These injuries should be recognized as a public health problem in Yemen and should be included in the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health agenda. The reported injury mechanisms and activities posing injury risks should have implications for future interventions and awareness programs
    Keywords: Unintentional injuries, schoolchildren, associated factors, Field Epidemiology Training program, Yemen
  • Davoud Khorasani Zavareh, Reza Mohammadi, Katarina Bohm Page 4
    Background

    Pre-hospital time management provides better access to victims of road traffic crashes (RTCs) and can help minimize preventable deaths, injuries and disabilities. While most studies have been focused on measuring various time intervals in the pre-hospital phase, to our best knowledge there is no study exploring the barriers and facilitators that affects these various intervals qualitatively. The present study aimed to explore factors affecting various time
    intervals relating to road traffic incidents in the pre-hospital phase and provides suggestions for improvements in Iran.

    Methods

    The study was conducted during 2013-2014 at both the national and local level in Iran. Overall, 18 face-to-face interviews with emergency medical services (EMS) personnel were used for data collection. Qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze the data.

    Results

    The most important barriers in relation to pre-hospital intervals were related to the manner of cooperation by members of the public with the EMS and their involvement at the crash scene, as well as to pre-hospital system factors, including the number and location of EMS facilities, type and number of ambulances and manpower. These factors usually affect how
    rapidly the EMS can arrive at the scene of the crash and how quickly victims can be transferred to hospital. These two categories have six main themes: notification interval; activation interval; response interval; on-scene interval; transport interval; and delivery interval.

    Conclusion

    Despite more focus on physical resources, cooperation from members of the public needs to be taken in account in order to achieve better pre-hospital management of the various intervals, possibly through the use of public education campaigns.

    Keywords: Prehospital emergency management, Response time interval, road traffic incidents
  • Tooba Hoseini Azizi, Sima Sadat Hejazi, Ahmad Kameli Page 5
    Background

    Falling from a tree is one of the major causes of serious injuries in farmers but it can be prevented. Walnut is one of the most important agricultural products in Iran and falling from walnut trees is common during the season of harvest. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of complications due to falling from walnut tree in patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnurd City, Iran.

    Methods

    A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 127 patients with injuries due to falling from the walnut tree in Bojnurd City, Iran, in the walnut harvest season of August 2013 to November 2014. The tools used for data collection in this study included a demographic information form, checklists of information about the injury and the follow-up checklist of treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by the SPSS software version 16.

    Results

    From a total of 127 injured patients, 120 cases (94.4%) were males with a mean age of 36.49 ± 15.65 years. Five patients died on the day of admission. Eighty-two patients (64.56%) were admitted in hospital wards. The most common type of injuries were trunk injuries (26.19%), followed by spinal cord injuries (18.1%). Also, 7 patients suffered from complete spinal cord injury.

    Conclusions

    Injuries caused by falling from walnut trees are seasonal and impose large financial burden on our health system. In most cases, young men suffer from varying degrees of disability and experience financial problems. It is very important to train farmers and workers, so as to prevent such injuries

    Keywords: Accidental Fall, Walnut Tree, Occupational Injury
  • Mehdi Moradinazar, Farid Najafi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Reza Baneshi Page 6
    Background
    Stigma of suicide attempt (SA) results in not asking friends and relatives for help. Others’ awareness of an individual’s SA sometimes can solve his/her problems and reduce rates of SA. This study is intended to examine the degree of SA visibility through deliberate self-poisoning (DSP), which is the most common method of SA in Iran.
    Methods
    In order to study visibility, all individuals who had attempted to suicide by DSP and had been referred to the western Iran poisoning center during April-June, 2016 were entered to the study. A female and a male interviewer experienced in role-plaing were recruited to interview clients, each with clients of their own gender, in order to increase compliance and information accuracy. Multivariate Poisson Regression was used to identify visibility determinants.
    Results
    Among 100 subjects interviewed, 10 denied SA. Regardless of those denying SA, self-poisoning visibility factor (SVF) was 26.6% (21.7-31.5) which decreased to 23.9% (19.7-28.1) after considering those individuals who denied SA. The highest values of SVF were observed in subjects poisoned by toxins, alcohol and illegal drugs, respectively. In the multivariate model, the value of SVF increased with an increase in age (IRR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), having history of SA (IRR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.30), and being married (IRR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.05-1.29).
    Conclusions
    Lower values of SVF of DSP indicate that individuals committing suicide do not ask others for help and saying their SA intents. The higher the degree of visibility, the lower the rates of committing and repeating SAs. To increase the visibility of SA, therefore, the one way is to prevent and reduce SA repetition
    Keywords: Visibility, Self, poisoning, Suicide attempts (SA)
  • Ali Khavanin Javad, Malakouti Vahid, Gharibi Narges, Khanjani Hamidreza, Mokarami Mohammad, Hossein Ebrahimi Page 7
    Background
    Working at height has always been considered as one of the most dangerous industrial activities. Worker's fitness including their physical and psychological ability plays a key role in prevention of occupational accidents. This research was conducted to investigate the physical and mental fitness of telecommunication tower climbers as well as their job stress.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted among employees of a contracting company which worked in the field of telecommunication tower installation in Iran during 2016. Sixty out of 93 workers voluntarily participated in this study. Data collection tools were the Persian version of the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Persian version of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Stress Indicator Tool and an author-developed measure to assess socio-demographic characteristics. Data was analyzed through statistical tests such as independent t-test, univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression; using SPSS 19 software.
    Results
    Worker's mean ± SD WAI score was 29.17± 10.33 and for work-related stress was 3.08 ± 1.80. There was a significant relation between WAI and educational level, job tenure, hours of sleep per day, regular exercise, and second job. The repression modeling explained 67.4% of the total variance (adjusted R2) 0f the WAI score. Among the dimensions of work related stress, control (β = 0.21) and changes (β = -0. 40) were significant predictors of the WAI score.
    Conclusions
    To improve the worker’s work ability, intervention programs should focus on promoting level of job control, sleep quality and exercise. Additionally, implementing a comprehensive macroergonomics and participatory program for increase involvement the workers in organization changes should be considered.
    Keywords: Work Ability Index, Work-related stress, Occupationalhealth, Tower climbers
  • Nasim Yousefnia, Nafisehsadat Nekuei, Ziba Farajzadegan Page 8
    Background
    Domestic violence (DV) can threaten women’s health. Healthcare providers (HCPs) may be the first to come into contact with a victim of DV. Their appropriate performance regarding a victim of DV can decrease its complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between HCPs’ performance regarding women experiencing DV, demographic characteristics, and attitudes towards their management.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 300 emergency and maternity HCPs were selected using quota random sampling from February to May 2016. All hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), which are referral centers for DV cases, were selected according to a census. The inclusion criteria included 1 year or more of professional experience and at least 1 encounter with a woman experiencing DV. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Cronbach’s alpha was utilized to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. In order to obtain a general description of the data (variables, mean, and standard deviation), the table of frequencies was designed. Moreover, to determine the relationships between variables, chi-square test was applied.
    Results
    The results showed that there were no associations between HCPs’ performance regarding DV and their demographic characteristics except their age, professional experience, and economic status. However, there was a significant association between HCPs’ attitudes towards providing services (P=0.017) and their performance regarding women experiencing DV (P less than 0.001).
    Conclusions
    To improve HCPs’ performance regarding DV, paying attention to other related factors (i.e., training, employing HCPs with high professional experience, and codifying guidelines) is essential. Moreover, elements which result in the creation of positive attitudes and taking care of DV victims should be encouraged.
    Keywords: Healthcare provider, Work performance, Domestic violence, Attitudes, Demographic factors