نشریه بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

This study has been conducted with the purpose of examining effects of cultural factors on environmental protection and environmental behaviors. The ideas of different thinkers including Durkheim, Weber, Parsons, Giddens and Jorge Tome have been used to provide the relevant theoretical frame. In this study survey method and questionnaire technique (on 400 people from districts 5 and 18 of Tehran) have been used. Data analysis has been completed at the level of descriptive statistics and within the form of frequency distribution tables and at the level of inferential statistics by using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multivariate regression and path analysis. The results indicated that different variables such as sense of Responsibility, social ethics, education, and traditional and religious values affect environmental protection and behaviors. In addition, no significant relationship was found regarding normalization in environmental behavior. It may generally be concluded that culture is considered as a deterministic factor in people's behaviors in a certain society, including environmental behaviors.

The aim of this study is to investigate into the relationship between parent's cultural capital and their tendency toward gender discrimination. Many analysts and social theorists believe that cultural capital is one of the main factors which determines the cultural, economic, political and social structure. In addition, in this study gender discrimination, is examined so we have used the feminist theories to provide a theoretical framework for our survey.
The data was collected by questionnaire from 384 parents who live in Javanrood. The results of this study indicated that there is a significant relationship between parent's cultural capital and their tendency toward gender discrimination, and that this relationship is an indirect one. On the other hand, the analytical result demonstrated that the tendency toward gender discrimination in parents with low cultural capital is more than those with high cultural capital.

This study aims at using a deductive reasoning to extract several hypotheses from patriarchy, subordination, alienation and perceived relative deprivation theories to establish an empirical association between patriarchy as an independent variable and perceived relative deprivation and alienation of women as a dependent variable. Specifically, the study attempts to answer the question: Does patriarchy contributes to perceived relative deprivation of women and their alienation from themselves. Theoretically, patriarchy is assumed as the prime obstacle to women’s advancement and development. Based on these explanations, we have developed measurements for their study. A survey research was performed on data obtained from a total 384 women through a cluster sampling. The sample was recruited from 545921.married women resided in the city of Esfahan. Questionnaire and structured interview schedule were used as the principal techniques of data collection. The analyses are computed using SPSS version 20/0 Software. The multiple regression, Kendall, Spearman and Pearson Tests are utilized to establish causal and associational relations between and among proposed variables. The empirical results regarding hypotheses testing show that: -There is a direct and significant relationship between patriarchy and perceived relative deprivation.-There is a direct and significant relationship between patriarchy and alienation of women from themselves.-There is a direct and significant relationship between patriarchy and alienation of women from their marital life.-There is a direct and significant relationship between perceived relative deprivation of women and their alienation from themselves.-There is a direct and significant relationship between women’s perceived relative deprivation and their alienation from marital life. Based on the multiple regression analysis, 58 percent of variance of women’s self-alienation is explained by two variables of patriarchy and perceived relative deprivation. Accordingly, patriarchy and perceived relative deprivation explain 63 percent of the variance of women’s alienation from their marital life.

Since Iranian society is passing from the traditional identity to the modern identity, the present study, using social interpretivism, studies the challenges that youth deal with in everyday life in terms of identity. Using the qualitative and the interview technique, we have tried to achieve a grounded theory. Based on Theoretical sampling and the standard of theorical Saturation, 28 young people ranging20 to 30 year-old have been interviewed in the city of Isfahan. The findings include 21 categories. The main category of this survey is” Selectivity of Identity Elements” which includes other categories. According to this core category the most important findings of this research are the conflict between the young generation and the old generation and the double consciousness which has been represented in a paradigmic model.

This research has been developed based on the existing studies and theoretical resources; it poses some questions for an interview and in-depth exploration of some of the burglars in Qom in 2016. To investigate the causes and the tendency towards burglary and to analyze our data, the inductive approach for qualitative data analysis derived from interviews and the grounded theory were used. Sample size and sampling method were chosen based on the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling method according to which 21 arrested robbers were selected for interview. According to our findings, a set of economic, cultural, social, familial, judicial, disciplinary and personal factors were important in lending people to burglary; in committing burglary some other issues are involved, such as the carelessness of Victims of burglary, the ease with which burglars can sell the stolen items, specific environmental conditions and social exclusion. In the analysis of the consequences of theft, violent crimes committed during the robbery, spreading insecurity and damaging the reputation of Qom are considered as the most important aftermaths. As a result, theft warns citizens and urban security forces to be more vigilant. Finally, we can conclude that burglary can be committed with a low level of risk and high profits; and this can have devastating effects on the society.

The main objective of this research is to understanding how and why some student are non-religiousness. For this purpose the life-world of these students is examined and the theories of Burger and Habermas are used as the theorical framework. The methodological approach of this investigation is qualitative; therefore, to collect data, the interview techniques of semi structure, the episodic and the observation techniques have been used; and the method of fundamental theory has been used for the data analysis. The sample of this investigation includes 23 students of social sciences in the higher education. The results indicate that the conditions set have created the initial spark of change in the opinions. These changes are enhanced in view of two experiences of tolerance and exclusion. Hence, non-religious people try to adopt such strategies as resignation, forced tolerance, retaliation etc. In addition, the consequences of being non-religious include frustration, feeling of being excluded and deprived, violence, self -beating, labeling, self-censoring etc., can be named from the consequences of non-religious

This paper attempts to analyze the consequences of using Facebook and how it affects Iranian couples, especially where family privacy is concerned. To put it in other words, the paper offers an argument on the question of how Facebook membership challenges stability of the family system in the Iranian society. A special focus will be laid on Facebook and its effect on transforming social norms of family private borders. Furthermore, it will be argued whether Facebook is the sole determining factor or other factors also intervene in affecting Iranian family privacy limits. In order to address such questions, we will employ the family systems theory as the theoretical framework. Methodologically, and for the purpose of deepening our understanding of Facebook membership, a qualitative method approach is taken in which the focus is put on using the grounded theory in order to analyze the data and formulate the findings. Online and face to face focus group interviews as well as online interviews were used in order to gather the necessary data. Then, the results were analyzed based on a grounded theory approach in an attempt to discover theoretically sound patterns. Some of the findings showed that Facebook membership only facilitates family privacy developments and the interactive media could not be considered as the sole factor in the transformation of Iranian family systems. Finally, the transformation of privacy in Iranian families ranges from micro individual to macro societal levels, specially in regard with the clarification privacy border families.

One of the very important aspects of rural deprivation is social exclusion. Social exclusion generates insecurity and vulnerability in personal life. This study aimed to investigate the social exclusion of rural women living in Chamran, a village located in Nobaran district in Saveh. The study was conducted using a qualitative method with data collecting from group interview, individual interview, social mapping, the preparation of parent table and non-participatory observation. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Based on the findings of the present study, rural women exclude from social activities, either compulsorily or voluntarily. "Low income", "divorce", "deviant behaviors (robbery)", "staying single into old age" are the reasons behind the compulsory exclusion of rural women. "Disease and disability", "shyness" and "self-immolation" made these women face social exclusion voluntarily. Backbiting, lack of companionship, contempt, ridicule and sarcasm, notoriety, dishonor and disgrace, shame, desire for loneliness and being sensitive to other's behavior are the mechanisms of social exclusion by society or people which lead them to further social exclusion and cause a variety of consequences in social relationships and personal feelings.

The dissemination of western culture in the world has promoted a type of consumer culture which corresponds with the capitalist system. This has not only affected on urbanites, but has also made dramatic changes the life style of rural people. So nowadays contentment is not deemed valuable and many people believe that these values are outmoded. In this article, Hesar Khorvan village has been selected and 66 people ranging 8 years old to 36 have been interviewed. The results show that special and historical events have an important role in these huge changes, specially, in the behaviors of young rural people in this village, changes in the relationship between families, expectations, life satisfaction, the importance of production, the importance of fertility and etc.

Children’s behavior and their personality formation can be influenced by the mode of their interactions with their parents. According to this assumption, it can be said that the method of upbringing in the family plays a determinative role in the formation of religious orientation in children. The principal supposition is that the three authoritative, permissive and authoritarian styles noted by Diana Baumrind (1973) could be significantly related to the extent of adolescents’ religiosity. We have used two documentary and field (survey) research approaches in this article. The reliability has been calculated by Cronbach’s alpha, and there has been added a forth “parents’ modeling” to integrate the Baumrind’s trinary parenting typology. The statistical population is includes the whole high school students of Tehran state schools, which is estimated to be within the range of 325,400 students. However the sample estimation is calculated using Cochran’s sample size formula. The sample size with maximum reliability and minimum error rate is estimated to be 384 students.