فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1391)

With the increasing population in cities of Iran increased the amount of demand for public goods and services. But due to the particular political -economic structure in our country، always the speed of responding to the needs of the growth rate was low. Among land uses with high demand، the educational land use faces many problems in responding to the needs of student population. Attempts are made in this research to evaluate an educational land use pattern in the city of Shadegan based on quantitative and qualitative criteria. Then، applying Arc Gis 9. 3 software، we locate these educational spaces according to three-level criteria of adaptation، compliance and capacity. The method of research is descriptive-analytical and study sample included all primary schools of Shadegan. The results of the Proximity review with a combination of different layers show that in relevance with semi-compatible and compatible land uses، 7 schools (equivalent to 54 percent) and 10 school (equivalent to 77 percent of the schools) are in inappropriate conditions، respectively. With regard to proximity to incompatible land uses، all schools are in inappropriate condition and in relation to other land uses، especially commercial use، they are in incompatible land uses. With regard to suitability matrix، it was found that the schools retains border of river and radius access and they have appropriate condition and concerning capacity matrix، more than half of the schools are inadequate condition.

The present paper first identified necessary bases for setting urban strategic management model using storage-trimming method then measured the position of each basis in Mashhad by applying questionnaire. To reach this goal، 384 questionnaires were distributed among citizens and 21 questionnaires among urban experts. The findings indicate that necessary bases for setting urban strategic management model are: information indicator، strategic thought، commitment، self-rebuilding، relative stability، transparency، citizen-orienting، and involvement، integration، self-assessing and resource mobilization. The findings indicate that in metropolis of Mashhad the average means of 11 respective indicators is 2. 2 which is less than 2. 5 (middle in Likert scale). Of 11 indices stated، one is beyond the average (commitment)، two are equal to average (resource mobilization and self-assessing)، and the other eight are less than the average. In short، in Mashhad elements (necessary bases) on which strategic management model should be established are not so firm. So that at first efforts should be directed toward providing these bases and then strategic management has to be established.

Like other developing countries informal settlements in Iran depicts ever increasing inequalities in the urban spaces. These kinds of settlements are increasing in Tabriz as one of the Iranian metropolises. From the main contexture، it can be referred to some parts of north of Tabriz (Aynali and Zynali quarters)، north west (Tabriz great park)، south (around of the south highway)، some parts of lands of Tabriz Medical Sciences University –Gazan Daggi quarter-end of Maralan، Hafez، Talegani and Laleh streets) and south west of the city (Akhmagayaeh quarter). These quarters are expanding by their own mechanisms. This research investigates the infrastructural، demographical، socio-economic، environmental indicators and infrastructural services as the main indictors of the study and evaluates Informal settlements in the Gazan Daggi quarter. The main goal of the research is to study the informal settlements in the studied district in order to improve the conditions based on CDS approach. The date were collected by library research and field study (questionnaire) by simple random sampling method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were measured by Cronbach test and ANP was used for studying and prioritizating strategies.

In contemporary capitalism، city is considered as an appropriate location and urbanization as a favourable way of life. The penetration and influence of capitalism as a culture in the Third World، including Iran has caused heterogeneous urban concentration and rapid urban population growth and thereby، massive rural-urban migrations. In fact، a process that causes the immifration of mainly poor population to the cities. Clear example of such confrontation can be seen in the old textures and also in rural areas and towns like Karaj City. Karaj due to the its specific location of communication facilties route، and being located at highway linking to the west of the country as well as vicinity to Tehran and having environmental potentials besides factories and industrial areas in one hand، and rapid urbanization processes in the country، changing consumption patterns and the development of exogenous communities of the country، alongside massive influx of refugees from surrounding towns and villages on the other hand، has been the tangible outcome of this influx of urban crises being created due to numerous problems including the formation and development of marginalized communities، poor، high damage and social disorder، loss of quality of life and lack of minimum facilities and services required for biological life in an urban area. Variability and lack of sense of belonging، social capital links to the lack of viable neighborhood، with no coherence of ethnic diversity and social integration، all together have increased poverty and two-level divisions (of poverty and richness) within the Metropolitan of Karaj. In this paper، socio-cultural structure of the city of Karaj has been evaluated using SWOT technique. According to research findings، properly obtained strengths and opportunities in order to overcome weaknesses and threats have not been used. The strengths، weaknesses and threats in opportunities are dominant and a type of strategy، (contingency) diversity strategies، has been indicated. At the end، priorities QSPM matrix based on strategies has been suggested.

Growing urban spatial changes has led to increase in demand to more and longer movement، which resulted in longer vehicle mile traveled (VMT)، increasing in private car ratio in commutation، growing congestion and pollution. Rampant use of private car could be a reflection of increase in needs to travel which might be a result of disturbance in urban spatial structure (USS). The relationship between urban spatial structure and dependency to private car is investigated in some papers using objective indicators. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of urban spatial structure on people’s attitude towards using private car in case of access to job and urban public services. The research hypothesis is: USS has significant effect on attitude toward using private car. Using multilevel cluster sampling and Cochran model، 300 samples were surveyed by questionnaire in three main zones (inner، middle، outer zones) of the case city. At the first step، urban spatial structure was modeled based on population and retailed activities applying Relative Entropy Coefficient and Moran’s I Index. Parametric statistic methods (ANOVA and Covariance) were employed to analyze subjective data. The results show that USS has significant effect on people’s attitude toward using private car.

The Quality of life is the representative of general social، economic and environmental features of a region، and could be used as a powerful tool for supervision of development planning of society. This article is reviewing the quality of life in different quarters of the city of Sardasht، taking into consideration the social، economic، environmental and physical indexes. Considering the reviewing quarters، the method of research is descriptive- analytical. In order to evaluate the quality of life in the city quarters، objective indexes such as population، social، economic، physical and environmental and 36 other quarters have been used. The statistical sample consists of 306 city residents. Calculation of average conditions shows that population، social، economic، physical and environmental indices as an integrated index has determined the extremes of optimal life as follows: Kaeyneh mar quarters with 74. 2 % has the most optimal life conditions، and Marghan quarters has the worst conditions at 59. 7 %. The malty variance analytical model confirms the inequality of life conditions among the different communities up to 99 % accuracy. Also، independent sample t-test indicates that the living condition in the city quarters is evaluated to be under the average. Likewise، using the malty regression model، 71 % of the higher quality of life in general in the quarters of Sardasht is due to the social، economic، physical and environmental indices. The results of the analysis method shows that physical variable with 0. 867 % has the highest impact on improving the living conditions in the overall city of Sardash. As a result، developing economic and physical indices is very effective in optimizing the quality of life conditions in Sardasht quarters.

One of the most important issues in today''s urbanization is the dispersal phenomenon that has occurred due to the lack of proper planning. This phenomenon has adverse effects on the quality of cities and urban life، especially it has been followed by social and economic problems. The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Ratio of urbanization in our country since 1976 is reserved، and from about 30 percent in the year 1976 has reached to about 70 percent in 2006. Iran cities like many of the third world''s cities have been through significant changes، including rapid increase in population and urban development in most cities of the country is due to the improper and unscientific plan in utilization of the city lands. Isfahan as well as many other cities of the country has not been away of these developments and its population in recent 30 years had increased three times and this increasing population growth، has resulted in the uncontrolled expansion of city، in a way that the city with the physical development of more than 6 time in the past three decades، has problems such as increase in the price of land and housing، the lack of infrastructural facilities and destruction of agricultural land around the city. This article studies the form and figure of Isfahan، factors affecting it and solutions to eliminate them and moderate them. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and in order to analyze the data Gary and Moran''s model will be used. The results show that Isfahan has a focused model but its focused model is not a complete single-polar and some transmittal can be seen in that mainly and as it goes the center of the city the amount of compression will decrease. Among the approaches to prevent the irregular distribution of the city، one can point to development within the context of city، strategy to provide vertical development and ultimately providing facilities in the countryside to prevent the immigration of villagers to urban areas. Generally، achieving such development requires conscious policy of sustainable development of cities and physical policy of sustainable development. With regard to the most efficient proposal to eliminate the phenomenon of irregular dispersion، the authors point to the use of integration of mixed land، public transportation and compact development and emphasis on internal investment in infrastructure in areas where infrastructures previously had existed، and also the tall building in urban planning and organizing center of the city with the aim of preventing and reducing tissues and values، along with providing adequate access and safety needs of population growth and the activity considered.