نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهمن و اسفند 1396)

Educational performance is a multidimensional process and is related to intelligence, metacognition, and problem solving. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between IQ and educational performance and mediation of problem solving.
This study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population comprised of all high school students of Khorram Darreh, who were studying during the school year of 2016 to 2017. A total of 300 people were selected through multi-stage random sampling. To collect data, “Raven's Progressive Matrices”, “Hepner and Peterson Problem Solving Questionnaire”, and the “Educational Performance Indicator" were used. Data was analyzed by the SPSS.18 and Emos 20 software.
In structural equations, the relationships between these variables were of acceptable acceptability and all the research hypotheses were approved. A correlation between IQ and problem solving (β = 0.164, P = 0.005), between IQ and educational performance (β = 0.170, P = 0.004), and between problem solving and educational performance (P =0.003, β = 0.207) was indicated.
IQ was correlated either directly or indirectly with problem solving and educational performance. Therefore, a student with a high IQ and problem-solving skills, is expected to have good results in his educational performance. Therefore, it is suggested that problem-solving skills should be defined as a course to enhance the student's educational performance.

Neurotransmitter systems, involved in depressive disorders, are in line with personality dimensions. The present study aimed at comparing personality dimensions of individuals with major depressive disorders using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) drugs with those of individuals using Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) in combination with SSRIs.
The present study was descriptive-comparative, which was carried out during year 2017 in two groups of 37 patients with major depressive disorder, who used Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) with those of individuals using Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) in combination with SSRIs. Samples were selected by the convince sampling method from Baqiyatallah al-Azam hospital, Taleghani, Faculty of Psychology of Tehran University and Sepehr clinics. For data collection, the “Temperament and Character Inventory” (TCI-56) was used. The validity and reliability of this inventory has been confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed with the SPSS version 24 software.
The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of personality traits. In other words, the mean personality characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups (P According to the results of this study, prescribing both drug groups is recommended to increase the desirable personality scores and to reduce undesirable scores in the treatment of patients with depressive disorder.

Coronary heart disease risk factors assessment and control is critical for preventing cardiovascular attacks and improving the health of people. The aim of the present study was to compare the status of control of the epidemic of heart coronary artery diseases in selected countries and Iran.
This comparative study was carried out in 11 countries (with define criteria). Databases, such as Medline, PubMed, Rozent, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were used with keywords of "Non communicable diseases", "coronary artery disease", "cardiovascular disease”, and "epidemic control". Ninety printed and electronic articles were obtained. Data was collected using “Check List of Control on the Epidemic of Heart Coronary Artery Diseases" in five dimensions with 35 items. The content validity index of the check list was evaluated and confirmed with 17 experts and Cronbach's alpha with 12 experts.
The findings of this study showed similarities, for instance all countries had common risk factors for coronary artery disease. Most countries, had responsive systems for controlling and preventing coronary artery diseases in their structure. The differences included major issues, such as “total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product”, “general government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health”, “private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health”, “general government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure”, and “social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health”. Also, “out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health” was very different in Iran compared with the selected countries.
The comparison of responsive systems, health financing, and risk factors for coronary artery disease in Iran and selected countries had several differences and similarities. It is suggested to create a policy framework for regulation and public education for the prevention and control of coronary heart disease.

The quality of work life of employees is one of the important factors in organizations. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the quality of work life and demographic characteristics of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan.
The present research is descriptive-correlation study. In this study, the statistical population consisted of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan in 2014. 100 out of 13 day and day centers, 11 specialized clinic centers and 4 home visits were selected. The method of sampling was census. The data were collected with "Quality of Work Life Scale for Teacher of Student with Special Needs" with 61 items. Content validity index and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha methods. Data was analyzed by SPSS. 21.
The interaction with students has the highest score (3.17) and the lowest score is job barriers. The average quality of life score is 3.81 ± 0.27. Based on the results, married people had a lower score in promotion and career participation(P 0.05).
There is a correlation between the dimensions of quality of work life and some of the demographic characteristics of the employees of rehabilitation education centers. Therefore, considering the finding that occupational barriers have the lowest score, attention to this dimension of quality of work life of teachers of students with special needs, is very valuable.

One of the most important characteristic of a successful performance appraisal system is its acceptability to employees. Therefore, it is necessary to use a reliable and valid tool that can specifically measure employee's attitudes towards performance appraisal.The current study aimed at developing and psychometrically evaluating an instrument to assess health workers attitudes towards annual performance appraisal.
In the current methodological study, after reviewing the existing literature on employees performance appraisal, an initial instrument containing 43 items was developed. The content validity index and content validity ratio were measured using the opinions of 10 faculty members, in the department of health service management at medical sciences universities, as well as health workers. Construct validity was measured by the exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 185 health workers of Hamedan District Health Center. Reliability of the instrument was measured by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest methods in 2-week intervals by 15 employees. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.
After assessing the content validity, the initial 43 items were reduced to 33 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 factors: performance feedback, performance measurement, organizational contexts, training and employees’ development, performance criteria, and using the results of the appraisal. The first 2 factors were the most important dimensions of annual performance appraisal in the view of employees, explaining 25.5% of total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest correlation coefficient were 0.95 and 0.93, respectively.
The resulting 33-item instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties to assess the attitude of health workers towards annual performance appraisal process; it can be used to assess and improve the various dimensions of employee performance appraisal.

Hemodialysis is a selective therapeutic approach in patients with chronic renal failure, which creates tension and limitations in daily and lifestyle activities. Social support may reduce the outcomes of this disease and increase social health. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between social support and social health of patients on hemodialysis in Kerman city.
In this descriptive-correlation study, the population consisted of 170 patients on hemodialysis in Kerman, who were selected based on Cochran's sample size formula by the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using "Keyes Social Health Questionnaire”, “Social Support Questionnaire of Yan and Sellick", “Social Support Questionnaire of Sarason and Levin” and the “Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire”. Validity and reliability of used instruments were confirmed. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 21 software.
Results showed a significant relationship between social health and emotional support variables, service support, information, financial support, and cause of illness. Therefore, among the dimensions of social support variables, emotional support and information support variables could explain and predict social health changes among patients (P The significant correlation between the two variables of social support and social health in patients on hemodialysis showed that greater social support is associated with increased social health. Therefore, it is suggested to offer training programs, such as emotional and informational support, empathy, kindness, and information support for solving daily and disease-related illnesses.

Additional zeros in some counting data are a common phenomenon that limit the use of the traditional poisson regression model for analysis. The aim of the present study was to use the zero-inflated poisson regression model for analyzing dental data in 12- and 13-year-old adolescents.
In this descriptive study, the dental data of 12- and 13-year-old students in Pakdasht and Pishva provinces of Varamin, who were randomly selected from a list of urban and rural schools, were selected. Overall, 764 samples were selected and their data for dental caries was evaluated. The DMFT index was used to evaluate the teeth condition of the students. At first, the consent of the participants was received for participation in the project. Given the fact that the response variable and zero accumulation were numbered in the number of drawn, filled, and rotten teeth, the index was modeled with a poisson regression model accumulated at zero. Data analysis was performed using the R software (3.2.2).
Overall, 414 Students were females. Mean and standard deviation of DMFT was 1.02 ± 1.35. In total, 54% (389 students) had dental caries. For the intervention variable (such as: preventive treatment or routine treatment, rapid treatment including scaling, immediate pain treatment, or tooth infection) (P = 0.04), dental health variable (P = 0.003), variable of pain (P = 0.049), brushing variable (P = 0.111), and dental floss (P = 0.040) had a significant relationship with the DMFT index.
The prevalence of dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old students in the city of Varamin was greater than the World Health Organization standards. For modeling DMFT students, the poisson regression accumulated at zero was the most appropriate model. Therefore, in order to improve the existing situation, proper planning and education of families about oral health are suggested.

One of the most important strategies of every organization is the decision to "build" or "buy" goods or services they need throughout the supply chain. The productivity of organizational costs is an important factor in attempts of organizations to achieve an appropriate level of outsourcing. The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between strategic outsourcing and hospital supply chain performance.
This was a descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population included the head and the deputies of private hospitals of Tehran (73 hospitals) with information about the supply chain of hospitals, with a sample of 129 individuals. For sure, 150 hospital outsourcing questionnaires were sent to top managers of 50 private hospitals in Tehran. From this total, 133 questionnaires were collected. The content validity of the instrument was confirmed by the focal group and the participation of 17 health education educators. To verify its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were used. The data were analyzed structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach with the SmartPLS3 software.
The results of this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between strategic outsourcing in hospitals and supply chain performance. Among the variables in the supply chain performance of the hospital, service performance management had the most significant relationship with the quality of the supply chain performance of the hospital.
Based on the results of this study, strategic development of outsourcing is suggested by recognizing the competitive advantages of hospitals, establishing strategic relationships with suppliers, and controlling and monitoring them, in order to improve the performance of the hospital supply chain.