Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Annals
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Sep 2013

In recent years, lots of studies have been conducted in order to determine the correlation between the blood groups and the cardiovascular diseases. Most studies report a correlation between the blood group A and the Coronary Artery Disease. However, no similar studies have been conducted in Fars province; therefore, we decided to investigate the issue in this province. This cross-sectional study was performed on 2750 patients with coronary artery disease in Kowsar hospital (one of the biggest hospitals in Shiraz). Using the epidemiologic reports which show the distribution of the blood groups in Fars province, a statistical comparison (Using chi-squared exam) was done in order to determine the role of the blood groups as well as the risk factors in coronary artery disease. According to our results, we found that the rate of coronary artery disease in individuals with the blood group A was higher than the other blood groups. Regarding the risk factors, however, no significant difference was observed between the blood groups. A correlation was found between the blood group A and the incidence of coronary artery disease and there was no significant difference between the blood groups, regarding the risk factors.

The aim of this study was to compare the sex difference in patency rates of left internal thoracic artery (LITA), radial artery (RA), and saphenous vein (SV) grafts in asymptomatic patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) after 2-5 years follow up period. We assessed thirty patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease including 104 LITA, RA, and SV grafts concomitantly used for isolated elective CABG surgery. The primary end point was rates of graft patency in both men and women. After 2-5 years follow-up, graft patency was assessed by 128-slice, dual-source CT coronary angiography. There were 21 men and 9 women in this study. A total of 104 grafts, including 30 LITA, 44 SV, and 30 RA grafts, were studied. Total graft patency rate was 84/104 (80.8%). Graft patency rate in men was 64/78 (82.1%) and in women was 20/26 (76.9%; p=0.774). LITA graft patency rates were 20/21(95.2%) in men and 8/9 (88.9%) in women (p=1.000). Patency rates in RA were 21/22 (95.5%) and 4/8 (50%; p=0.016), and patency in SV were 22/34 (64.7%) in men and 9/10 (90%) in women (p=0.251), respectively. This study revealed that in asymptomatic patients who underwent CABG surgery 2-5 years ago there is a statistically significant lower RA patency rate in women compared with men. We didn’t find any difference in LITA or SV grafts patency rates between men and women in mid-term follow up.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including ABCG1 and ABCG5, use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate a wide variety of substrates across biological membranes. Visfatin, a novel adipokine, was revealed to be associated with obesity and to have insulin mimetic effect that is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the visceral fat ABCG1, ABCG5 and visfatin relative gene expression. Twenty wistar rats (6-8 weeks old and 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), and Bene-control (BC), and Bene-training (BT). Training groups was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day and 5 days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were fed oral, with Bene extraction and saline for four weeks. ABCG1, ABCG5 and visfatin relative genes expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Results demonstrated that Bene extraction significantly reduces ABCG1 and ABCG5 relative gene expression and increase visfatin relative gene expression in visceral fat. Exercise training significantly reduces visfatin relative gene expression and increases ABCG1 and ABCG5 relative gene expression in visceral fat.

The aim of this study was to investigate pulmonary valve replacement cases after previous TF repair. This study conducted in Rajaei cardiovascular medical and research center during 2004 -2011. We collected the information including CI (cardiac index)، (left ventricular ejection fraction) LVEF، (left ventricular end systolic volume index) LVESVI، (left ventricular end diastolic volume index) LVEDVI، (right atrial pressure) RA pressure، RVEF (right ventricular ejection fraction)، (right ventricular end systolic volume index) RVESVI، RVEDVI (right ventricular end diastolic volume index)، tricuspid regurgitation grade، Net forward flow and Pulmonary regurgitated fraction Totally there were 28 cases of PVR. There were 18 and 10 cases of mechanical and biological valves. In comparison between PVR and non PVR cases, the severity of right ventricular dysfunction was higher in PVR cases. The transanular patch was the most commonly used method for repairing TOF, it was used 69. 7% and 47. 4% in PVR and non PVR cases respectively, and this difference was significant. There were significant improvements in severity of pulmonary stenosis before and after PVR, severe PS were 35. 7 and 20% before and after PVR respectively. There were also significant improvements in PAP after PVR (21. 3 and13. 5 before and after PVR respectively) It seems that using transanular patch in repairing TOF is a risk factor for PI which leads to PV. Delay in PVR operation can increase the severity of RV dysfunction and frequency of arrhythmia.

We assessed the global and regional ventricular septal functions using conventional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in children with postoperative multiple ventricular septal defects. Thirty-six children were studied: 16 with postoperative multiple ventricular septal defects and 20 normal control subjects. In children with multiple ventricular septal defects, 60 ventricular septal defects were closed using one of three different techniques (patch closure, the sandwich technique, direct closure). Speckle tracking imaging was applied to three short-axis echocardiographic images. The total patch area used in the multiple ventricular septal defects group was correlated with the postoperative ejection fraction (r = 0.703) and Tei index (r = 0.778). The global septal peak systolic radial displacement and global septal peak systolic radial strain in the multiple ventricular septal defects group were significantly lower than those observed in the control subjects. The peak systolic radial strain in the segments closed with patches and the peak systolic radial displacement in the segments closed with the felt sandwich technique were significantly lower than those observed in the intact septal segments. No significant regional functional depressions were identified in the segments that were closed directly. The postoperative ventricular global and septal functions were significantly reduced in children with multiple ventricular septal defects, especially in the cases with complex congenital heart disease and that were closed with large prosthetic materials. These results suggest that an effort to minimize the use of patch materials may lead to preserved postoperative ventricular function.

Aortic pulmonary fistula is an uncommon complication of an aortic aneurysm that can lead to several complications; by the way it is a highly fatal occurrence at the end. Young man with history of aortic valve replacement was admitted due to recent dyspnea. Diagnosis was determined aortic pulmonary fistula, but before the surgery he died. Although this group of patients have poor prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis and management can save their lives. On the other hand we should evaluate aorta while managing aortic valve disorder.