فصلنامه تازه های بیوتکنولوژی سلولی مولکولی
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1396)

Aim and Lincomycin is one of the licozamid compounds. The aim of this study is optimization of lincomycin production using one-factor-at-a-time-method and antimicrobial activity of this antibiotic by Streptomyces lincolenesis PTCC 1629
Material and At first different inorganic and organic carbon and nitrogen sources such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, fructose, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, KH2PO4, CaCl2, CaCo3 were optimized for lincomycin production using one-factor-at-a-time method. Then antimicrobial activity assessed on refrence strains.
The results showed that glucose, potassium nitrate were the best carbon and nitrogen sources for lincomycin production by Streptomyces lincolenesis PTCC 1629. Also, the obtained results showed that gram positive strains were sensitive to lincomycin produced by this strain, but gram negative strains were resistant.
The obtained results showed that glucose in preculture and production media was the best carbon source for lincomycin production. The best pH and temperature for lincomycin production were 2/7- 8/6 and 30-28°C, respectively.

Aim and The production of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) by Escherichia coli is the main cause of resistance to Cephalosporins , Worldwide has tremendously increased. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and antibiotic resistance patterns of those.
In this study, 196 cases of E. coli within 6 months from patients referring to the public and private treatment centers Marand city were collected and identified by biochemical tests. ESBL screening and confirmation along with antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Of 196 isolates, 100 isolates (51.02%) were produced ESBL. 82% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and 76% of the isolates were Sensitive to Imipenem.
Organisms expressing ESBLs in this study were widely distributed, often possessing the multidrug resistance phenotype. Limiting the use of broad-spectrum Cephalosporins is recommended to control this high rate of ESBL expression.

Aim and Among cancers, Lung cancer is considered to be the most important cause of death in worldwide and as the most modern cancer treatments are ineffective with side effects, it seems essential to find impressive alternatives treatment. Nettle plant with the scientific name Urtica dioica L. Of family Urticaceae, is a flowering and Perennial plant that has high nutritional and medicinal value. There fore, the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of nettle leaf (Urtica dioica L.) on A549 cell lines was evaluated.
In this study, for the first time, the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of nettle leaves on A549 cell lines was evaluated. The dioecious nettle leaves in April 2015 of sehezare Tonekabon were collected and studied; Then the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH0 Assay. A549 cell line in DMEM with 20% fetal bovine serum was grown. Different concentrations of ethanolic extract of two legs nettle leaves (5, 2/5, 1/25 and 0/5 mg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours were applied on cancer cells A549. Next the viability of cells using MTT assay was considered.
In this study, the percent of free radical scavenging DPPH0 equals to 67/79 percent and the amount of IC50 was calculated to be 4/30 mg/ml. The results of MTT assay showed that the ethanolic extract of nettle leaves has a cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell line which is dependent to their doses. Also IC50 of the extract concentration for A549 cells was obtained to be 5 mg/ml. MTT results showed no significant differenc in 48 and 72 hours. But the difference was significant at 24 hours.
The ethanolic extract of nettle leaves which is dose-dependent could destroy the cancer cells and showed cytotoxic properties. Thus, this plant can be used as a medicinal plant against lung cancer in wider scope.

Aim and Herbal treatment is very common around the world. The use of medicinal plants has increased due to chemical drugs side effects. The species of the genus sclerorhachis of the compositae family are endemic to Iran; S. platyrachis. There are no reports regarding the toxicity of methanolic extract of S. platyrachis. The aim of the study was to determine LD50 of s. platyrachis methanolic extract on the exprimental animal and its side effect on the some organs.
The Sclerorhachis platyrachis collected from around of Sabzevar City. After drying, the methanolic extracts that were prepared by Soxhlet method, and doses of 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250 mg/kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally animal groups. Finally, After determining the probability of death of animals during the period under study, The liver, heart, testis and lung tissue sections were prepared and possible changes made after hematoxylin and eosin staining, pathology were examined.
The concentrations used in this study, the LD50 in rats by intraperitoneal injection could not be determined. Also certain pathological changes in tissues of the organs were not observed.
after Sclerorhachis platyrachis methanolic extract injected intraperitoneally to rats, certain side effects do not show and can be used in future studies to determine the potential impact on different diseases benefited somewhat from a minimum of side effects related to this type of dilution of the extract tested in this study and in the case of certain intraperitoneal injection.

Aim and Studies demonstrated that some ligands such as maltol in coordination with metals, induce apoptosis and inhibit the cancer cells proliferation. The aim of this study is the synthesis of new complexes of nickel and evaluation of anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of these compounds.
Material and In this study, we synthesized the novel complexes of nickel with maltol, deferiprone and 3-hydroxyflavone ligands. The cytotoxicity of this complex was screened for antitumor activity against HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, NALM-6, Neuro-2a and L929 by MTT assay and Flow cytometry.
The IC50 ± SD (μM) values, calculated for synthesized complex against HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, NALM-6, Neuro-2a and L929 cell lines are between 15.6 to 199.1, 5.00 to 185.2 and 39.8 to 168.8 for complexes 1 to 3 respectively.
Our results showed that investigated complex exhibited higher cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231 and Neuro-2a compared to other cell lines. Our results confirmed that the synthesized compound have not any cytotoxicity effects on mouse fibroblast cell line (L929).

Aim and Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive form of the clinical thyroid epithelial neoplasms which is one of the most lethal human tumors. In addition, this cancer is relatively resistant to chemotherapy. Chromene has been identified as one of privileged medicinal scaffolds. Its artificial and natural derivatives have important biological applications such as being anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, TNFα inhibitor and anti-inflammatory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the new compound of chromene- Methyl 2-amino-5-oxo-4-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carboxylate - on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line.
Material and The cytotoxic effects of this compound on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line was studied using MTT method. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of this compound on apoptotic process by acridine orange/ ethediom bromide staining using fluorescent microscope.
My results show that this synthetic compound has a significant cytotoxic impact in the time and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it induces apoptosis process in ATC cell line.
The new compound of chromene induces cell death in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line in the time and dose-dependent manner. This compound could be as a novel drug for cancer treatment because of its role in the apoptosis induction.

Aim and Programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in plant resistance responses to pathogens and environmental biotic and abiotic stresses and its function has been conserved in eukaryotes, plant and animal phylums.
Material and In many human diseases such as the respiratory disorders and nervous related diseases such as the Alzheimer and Parkinson, it is observed that the PCD process is non functional and unregulated processed and does not work.
Different genes related to this biological mechanism in plants were identified by the researchers and the conserved genetical and biochemical pathways involved in activating the PCD almost fully determined.
Although, some of the morphological and biochemical changes that are generally occur in PCD in animals are also observe in plants, but there is a few knowledge available about how these process lead to cell death in plants
Regardless of the fact that the programmed cell death appear to be a conserved process in animals and plant cells but from the genetical and biochemical point of view it take place completely different in plants.

Aim and Many areas of land in different regions contaminated by heavy metals that pollution from human activities, industrial wastewater and sewage sludge waste water consumption are derived. Among the pollutants, heavy metals, especially lead, cadmium and mercury due to serious environmental consequences and profound effects on human health are of special importance. Phytoremediation, a new technology to remove contaminants from the environment. This technology compared to other methods of refining, low cost and simple.
Material and The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of remediation of soils contaminated with lead, cadmium and mercury by plants. For this purpose, preparation, preparation and consolidation of contaminated soils at different concentrations and the seed of the crops of Lolium, Amaranth and Sorghum were performed.
The results showed that the maximum and minimum concentrations, respectively, were related to the soil surrounding industrial areas forest. According to the findings in alkaline soils metals uptake by plant roots was higher than the shoots. The results showed that concentration does not have a significant effect on uptake. The Chelated increase the availability and uptake of heavy metals in plants.
Conclusion Comparison of the efficacy of treatments with and control, it was concluded that plants can effectively reduce the concentration of heavy metals from contaminated soils.

Aim and One of the most common acquired infections is urinary tract infections (UTI). This problem is associated with the wild antibiotics treatment for UTI. In this study, the effect of zangaber extracts were compared with antibiotics for treatment of UTI .
100 samples were isolated from patients with UTI. Bacteria were identified with biochemical tests. Then was used antibiogram with different antibiotics and resistant bacteria were isolated. Antibacterial effect of different concentrations from zangaber extracts were tested on resistant bacteria.
From 100 isolates, 46 samples were E. coli, 10 were Proteus mirabilis, 9 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 were Staphylococcus aureus, and 30 samples were other bacteria. The lowest MIC for E. coli was found Nitrofurantoin and Nalidixica cid, Ceftriaxone and Cephazolin were for Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginos and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest MIC for zangaber was found by methanolic extract of zangaber.
Results have shown most of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. As also, by increasing of antibiotic application for UTI treatment was produced resistance bacteria, therefore plant drugs with antibacterial effects such as zangaber is required. This plant can be inhibited of uropathogenic bacteria.

Aim and The disposal of crude waste water from textile factories causes pollution of current and under-ground water, because of the salts and different colors that exists in it. One of the colors most widely used in the textile industry, Reactive Black 5, which is from azo colors family, is the most serious indicators of pollution. In this study halophile and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from wastewater containing paint Reactive Black5, and were used in bleaching of artificial wastewater.
Samples were taken from wastewater of a textile factory in saline regions of Kashan, and subcultured on TSB with and without addition of salt. 20 different strains were isolated, from which three strains were selected for using in a consortium bleaching experiments within three days.
The bacterial consortium could bleach the dye containing media in a wide range of salinity (up to 10%), Saturation (up ppm 1000), temperature (30 to 36 ° C) and pH (5.5 to 8.5).. The bacterial consortium was able to bleach up to 92% of Reactive Black 5 in different environmental conditions.
The use of wastewater of textile mills for isolation of effective natural strains, suitable for bioremediation of the same wastes, even in the salty environment, is very helpful.

The development of molecular methods such as RAPD-PCR and 16SrRNA sequencing has facilitated the identification and evaluation of microbial diversity of complex microbial environment like fermented food. The aim of this study is identifying and genotyping of different lactic acid bacteria genius and species involved in maturation of traditional Taleshi Cheese.
About 54 wild isolates on MRS and M17 mediums were selected and analyzed by culture dependent RAPD-PCR technique. Gel patterns derived by randomly designed M13 and D8635 primers clustered based on Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and UPGMA via MVSP software. 16SrRNA sequencing has been used for species identification.
Results The results revealed dominate non-starter lactic acid bacteria among isolates belonged to Lactobacillus genus including paraplantarum, curvatus, Sakei, paracase species following by Streptococcus gallolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis/Enterococcus faecium.
The results showed that RAPD-PCR and 16SrRNA sequencing were useful and rapid tools for grouping, strain discrimination and identification of lactic acid bacteria. Also, obtained 26 different genotypes represented a wide genetic diversity in this type of traditional cheese.

Aim and Recent studies have claimed that the genetic variation in cytokine production systems has a major effect on immune system potency and strongly associated with the antiviral treatment response. On the other hand, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an essential role in host immune response to HCV infection. Therefore, current study was done in order to determine the distribution of the rs1800629 (A/G) polymorphism in the promoter of TNF-α gene in Iranian population.
Material and This cross-sectional study, performed on 165 blood samples based on 89 HCV infected patients including 68 SVR positive and 21 negative and 76 healthy individual controls. After DNA extraction the frequency of rs1800629 (A/G) polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. For detection and analysis of the PCR products we used 20% Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Based on analysis of the data, the distribution of the A/G polymorphism between healthy individuals and patients were obtained as AA: 1.1%, AG: 52.6%, GG: 46.1%, and AA: 1.3%, AG: 20.2%, GG: 78.7% respectively. The GG genotype was identified in 70 patients of whom 55 achieved SVR, while the AG heterozygous was found in 18 patients and SVR was achieved in 12. Finally, the AA was detected only in one patient with positive SVR.
Conclusion In this study, significant difference between the TNF-α-308 locus SNP (rs1800629) and susceptibility to chronic HCV infection in Iranian population (P value= 0.002) was observed. Moreover, the presence of G allele among SVR positive people and non-SVR group did not show strong statistic difference (P value=0.476). However, further studies with more samples seems to be necessary.