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Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine - Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Mousa Al Reza Hadjzadeh, Ziba Rajaei, Esmaeil Khodaei, Maryam Malek, Habib Ghanbari Pages 1-9
    Objective
    Rheum turkestanicum (R. turkestanicum) rhizomes have been used in Iranain traditional medicine as an anti-diabetic agent. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of R. turkestanicum rhizome extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin in male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats received the decoction extract of R. turkestanicum rhizomes at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg daily by gavage for 3 weeks. Serum glucose and lipid levels were measured in all groups before diabetes induction and at the end of week 3. Oxidative stress was evaluated in the liver by measurement of malondialdehyde levels and total thiol concentration at the end of the experiment.
    Results
    A significant increase in serum glucose and triglyceride levels was observed in diabetic rats, which was accompanied by increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased total thiol concentration in the liver after 3 weeks. Treatment of diabetic rats with R. turkestanicum rhizome extract at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg over a 3-week period did not change serum glucose, hepatic malondialdehyde and total thiol levels in diabetic rats. However, treatment with R. turkestanicum extract significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner at the end of the experiment.
    Conclusion
    R. turkestanicum rhizome extract possess anti-hypertriglyceridemic, but not hypoglycemic or hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats. Therefore, R. turkestanicum rhizome should be consumed with more caution by diabetic patients.
    Keywords: Rheum turkestanicum, Diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Oxidative stress
  • Mohsen Nematy, Mohsen Mazidi, Atefeh Jafari, Sara Baghban, Hasan Rakhshandeh, Abdolreza Norouzy, Habibollah Esmaily, Leila Etemad, Michael Patterson, Amir Houshang Mohammadpour Pages 10-15
    Objective
    Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) is known as an orexigenic herb in Iranian traditional medicine. In this study, the possible orexigenic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. millefolium was investigated by measuring plasma ghrelin level.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Control group received water. Treatment groups received 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of A. millefolium extract for 7 days via gavage. Before the intervention, daily amount of the food eaten by each rat was measured for 10 days. During the investigation, the amount of energy intake of each rat was also estimated 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hr after each intake, for 7 days. Later, the orexigenic dose of extract and distilled water was fed to two separate groups of 6 male Wistar rats. Plasma ghrelin level was measured 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hr after extract intake.
    Results
    The change in energy intake after treatment by 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract was significantly higher than other groups (p0.05) difference among control and treated group.
    Conclusion
    This study indicated that A. millefolium had positive dose-related effects on appetite in rats. It seems that the orexigenic activity of extract was not related to changes in plasma ghrelin levels.
    Keywords: Achillea Millefoliu, Appetite, Food intake, Ghrelin, Hydroalcoholic extract
  • Abbas Meamarbashi Pages 16-26
    Objective
    Unaccustomed and intense eccentric exercise is a common cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). There are multiple remedies for the treatment of DOMS, but its clinical and laboratory pieces of evidence are scarce. Currently, the treatments proposed for DOMS are numerous and include pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, stretching, massage, nutritional supplements, and other alternatives. To find a holistic treatment with effective pain relief and minimum side effects, complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal therapies, plays a main role.
    Methods
    In this review, the existing published studies investigating the efficacy of herbal and natural supplementation therapies for the prevention or treatment of side effects, symptoms, and signs of DOMS are summarized.
    Results
    Previous studies have documented the efficacy of herbal therapies to treat pain, inflammation, as well as laboratory and clinical side effects of DOMS.
    Conclusion
    The use of herbs in DOMS seems safer and has lower side effects than pharmacotherapy. However, the potential for side effects and drug interactions should be considered.
    Keywords: Herb, Natural products, Delayed, Onset Muscle Soreness
  • Jude Efiom Okokon, Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Emem Ekpo Umoh Pages 27-36
    Objective
    Homalium letestui Pellegr (Flacourtiaceae) has been traditionally used by the Ibibios of Southern Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases and Yorubas of western Nigeria as an antidote. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective properties of the ethanol extract of the plant stem.
    Materials And Methods
    The hepatoprotective effect of the extract of the stem of the plant (200-600 mg/kg) was evaluated by the assay of liver function parameters, namely total and direct bilirubin, serum protein and albumin, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathological study of the liver. Also, GCMS analysis of n-butanol fraction of the extract was carried out.
    Results
    Administration of the extract of the stem of the plant caused a significant (p 0.05 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of high levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total cholesterol, direct and total bilirubin as well as elevation of serum levels of total protein, albumin and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH). Histology of the liver sections from extract and silymarin-treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the paracetamol-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the extract of H. letestui stem. GCMS analysis of n butanol fraction revealed the presence of 16 bioactive compounds.
    Conclusion
    The results show that the extract of H. letestui has hepatoprotective potential which may be due to the antioxidant activity of its phytoconstituents.
    Keywords: Homalium letestui, hepatoprotective, Antioxidant
  • Waseem Rizvi, Mohammad Fayazuddin, Ompal Singh, Shariq Naeem, Shagufta Moin, Kafil Akhtar, Anil Kumar Pages 37-45
    Objective
    In this study¡ we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Fumaria parviflora (F. parviflora) and underlying mechanisms by using in vivo models of inflammation.
    Material and
    Methods
    Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150 - 200 g were used. Soxhlet ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of F. parviflora (EFP and AFP) were prepared. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Levels of cytokines such as TNF-α¡ IL-6 and IL-1 and activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated.
    Results
    Leaves of F. parviflora demonstrated significant (p
    Conclusion
    Leaves of F. parviflora possess anti-inflammatory activity as they inhibit various cytokines and have antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging activity.
    Keywords: Fumeria, Carrageenan, Cytokines, Antioxidant, Anti, inflammatory
  • Mehdi Bihamta, Azar Hosseini, Ahmad Ghorbani, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki Pages 46-53
    Objective
    It has been well documented that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate probable protective effects of PSO against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
    Materials And Methods
    The cells were pretreated 24 hr with PSO 1 hr before exposure to 200 µM H2O2. Cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured by fluorimetric methods.
    Results
    H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability which was accompanied by an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decline in superoxide dismutase activity. Pretreatment with PSO increased viability of cardiomyocytes and decrease the elevated ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Also, PSO was able to restore superoxide dismutase activity.
    Conclusion
    PSO has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes and can be considered as a natural cardioprotective agent to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
    Keywords: Pomegranate seed oil, H9C2 cells, ROS, SOD, Oxidative stress
  • Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Rayhane Ahangar, Parvin, Maryam Nemati, Zahra Taghipour, Ali Shamsizadeh, Fatemeh Ayoobi, Zuhair Mohammad Hassan Pages 54-65
    Objective
    The main function of IL-12 is differentiation of naive T cells intoTh1 cells and TGF-β is a powerful immunoregulatory cytokine. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of ginger have also been reported in some studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
    Materials And Methods
    EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. The mice were administered intra-peritoneally with ginger extracts or PBS, from day to . On day 31, mice were scarified and the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β mRNA in the spinal cord were determined by using real time-PCR. The serum levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA.
    Results
    In PBS-treated EAE mice, the expression of IL-12 P35 and IL-12 P40 mRNA in the CNS and the mean serum levels of IL-12 were significantly higher than those of healthy group (p
    Conclusion
    These results indicated that ginger extract modulates the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β in CNS and serum of EAE mice.
    Keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Ginger, IL-12, TGF-β Serum
  • Solmaz Pourgonabadi, Mohammad Sadegh Amiri, Seyed Hadi Mousavi Pages 66-72
    Objective
    Bryonia aspera (Stev. ex Ledeb) is a plant that grows in northeast of Iran. In the present study, cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of B. aspera root extract was determined against HN-5(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and Hela (cervix adenocarcinoma) cell lines.
    Materials And Methods
    HN-5 and Hela cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of B. aspera root extract. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay and the optical absorbance was measured at 570 nm (620 nm as the reference) by an ELISA reader, in each experiment. Apoptotic cells were assessed using PI staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The B. aspera inhibited 50% growth (IC50) of Hela and HN-5 cell lines at 100±28 μg/ml and 12.5±4 μg/ml, respectively after 48 hr of incubation.
    Results
    Cell viability assay showed that inhibitory effects of B. aspera were time and dose-dependent in both cell lines, which were consistent with morphological changes, observed under light microscope. Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry in which percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose and time-dependent manner.
    Conclusion
    Based on our data, B. aspera has cytotoxic effects in which apoptosis played an important role. Further evaluations are needed to assess the possible anti-tumor properties of this plant.
    Keywords: Apoptosis, Bryonia aspera, Cancer, Cytotoxicity
  • Niloofar Kahkeshani, Milad Gharedaghi, Abbas Hadjiakhoondi, Mohammad Sharifzadeh, Mahnaz Khanavi Pages 73-79
    Objective
    The genus Marrubium is used for treatment of joint pain, gout, stomach-ache and colic in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. (M. astracanicum) is a native species in the flora of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive properties of various extracts of aerial parts of M. astracanicum.
    Materials And Methods
    Antinociceptive activities of total hydroalcoholic extract (THE) and its n-hexane (non-polar) and residual partition (polar) fractions were analyzed using formalin test in mice. Morphine (5 mg/kg) and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.
    Results
    Intraperitoneal administration of THE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), non-polar fraction (200 mg/kg) and polar fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg), 30 min before formalin injection, caused significant analgesic activity in acute phase (0-5 min after formalin injection) of formalin test (p0.05 in comparison with morphine). In chronic phase (15–60 min after formalin injection), non-polar and polar fractions (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) showed significant analgesic activity (p0.05 in comparison with morphine).
    Conclusion
    Different extracts of M. astracanicum demonstrated antinociceptive activity that support the traditional usage of Marrubium genus for the treatment of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases.
    Keywords: Marrubium astracanicum, Pain measurment, Analgesic
  • Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku, Okechukwu Obasi, Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli, Peter Ogbuatu, Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu, Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe, Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye Pages 80-92
    Objective
    Alchornea floribunda leaves are widely used in ethnomedicine for the management of immuno-inflammatory disorders. We investigated the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaf extract, fractions and isolated compounds of A. floribunda.
    Materials And Methods
    The ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol leaf extract was subjected to several chromatographic separations to isolate compounds 1-4. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Further analysis on the isolated phenolic compounds were done using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity tests.
    Results
    The ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg produced significant (p
    Conclusion
    The medicinal uses of A. floribunda may be due to the antioxidant activities of its phenolic compounds.
    Keywords: Alchornea floribunda, Antioxidant activity, Flavans, Flavanone
  • Laura Inocencio Leite, GerlÂnia De Oliveira Leite, Bruno Anderson Fernandes Silva, Severino Denicio GonÇalves Sousa, Thales Coutinho, Renata Sampaio, Irwin Menezes, JosÉ Galberto Martins Costa, Adriana Campos Pages 93-98
    Objective
    Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (Asteraceae) has high economic value from Chapada to Araripe and its bark essential oil is a potential source of alpha-bisabolol. The present study aimed to elucidate the antinociceptive and antipruritic properties of the essential oil of V. arborea Baker (EOVA) in mice.
    Materials And Methods
    The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the capsaicin, glutamate, hot plate and cold allodynia tests. The antipuritic effects were also verified based on histamine-induced scratching behavior.
    Results
    EOVA reduced the paw licking induced by capsaicin, but not that induced by glutamate. The essential oil increased the latency time in the hot plate, attenuated the cold allodynia induced by acetone and inhibited histamine-induced scratching behavior.
    Conclusion
    The experimental data demonstrated that EOVA showed central and peripheral antinociceptive activity and antipruritic effect.
    Keywords: Vanillosmopsis arborea, Essential oil, Antinociceptive, Antipruritic