Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Health
Volume:1 Issue: 4, 2012 autumn

N,N-Diethyl meta Toluamide (DEET) is an insect repellent agent that contrary to its benefits, if is used in formulations with high skin permeation, will produce side effects of different severity. This study attempted to achieve a semi-solid DEET containing formulation with good appearance, sufficient spreadity, suitable viscosity for tube and jar filling, compatible pH with skin, reasonable stability, longer release time, and the less skin permeation. To obtain such a formulation, three types of DEET containing semi solids including gels (hydrophile), creams (emulsion) and ointments (lipophile), and their characteristics were compared with each other and with Off! Brand. Results showed that one of the prepared creams with the proper viscosity, stability, appearance and spreadity, had the least drug release in six hours and less skin permeation of DEET as compared with Off!. Hence the preparation was introduced as the optimal formulation.

The aim of this research was to compare the effect of a 15-day vitamin C and E supplementation on C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), cortisol, lymphocyte, and lactate response to a single aerobic training session. Thirty male college students of Islamic Azad University-Fars Science and Research Branch of with mean age of 21/53±2/99 years, weight 70/03±10/52 kg and height 176±5/97 cm voluntarily contributed in this research. First aerobic power of all subjects was estimated and the data was used to divide the subjects into three 10-persons groups (vitamin C group, vitamin E group and placebo group). A matched study design was used; hence, all target variables were measured before and after the treatment after the subject ran for 30 minutes on treadmill intensity of 75. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, ANOVA repeated measure and dependent t test with bonferroni adjustment (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that the 15-days vitamin C and E supplementation had no significant effect on the level of CRP, IL-6, cortisol, lymphocyte, and lactate at rest, after exercise and one hour after exercise. Further research is required to explore the impact of vitamin C/E administration on the level of CRP, IL-6, cortisol, lymphocyte, and lactate in different exercise conditions, using higer doses of these substances.

A simple extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of miconazole nitrate in both pure and pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the formation of ion-pair complex of the drug with acidic dye bromothymol blue (BTB) in acidic condition, followed by its extraction in organic solvent (chloroform). The absorbance was measured against the corresponding blank. The maximum absorbance was found at 434 nm. Linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range 1-35 μg ml-1. The method was validated statistically. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods were found to be simple, accurate and reproducible and their performance in analysis of cream formulation was successfully examined.

In modern clinical practice, combination fixed - dose tablets have become a baseline for effective therapy in many clinical conditions. The Hydrochlorothiazide (Hctz) (12.5mg) / Lisinopril (Lis) (10 mg) tablet is a combination drug for treatment of hypertension. In this study, the tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and characterized in terms of weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution and stability. A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method (HPLC) was used to assay Hctz and Lis in the prepared tablets. Amongst different formulations, WG14 was found to be the best for product development based on both physicochemical and stability results. Pharmaceutical characteristics of the tablets were compared with the Innovator tablet 1A-Pharma (Germany).

A group of 1,3-biarylhydrazide derivatives possessing a COX-2 azido pharmacophore at the Para- position of the C-1 phenyl ring in conjunction with a N-3 phenyl or substituted-phenyl ring (4-F,4-Cl,4-OMe) were designed and synthesized based on nucleophilic substitution reaction. A molecular modelling study of these compounds showed that the designed molecules were well bound with the active site of COX-2 enzyme and the N3 pharmacophore was well oriented into the COX-2 secondary pocket. Thus, we expect the compounds show good potency and selectivity on COX-2 inhibition.

As majority of people around the world rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal sources for their primary healthcare nowadays, the quality of herbal medicine is one of the most important issues. The products may be contaminated with chemical toxins, excessive pesticides and heavy metals during the growth process with contaminated environment or during harvesting, storing conditions and transferring process to herbal market. Chemical toxins may come from wrong storage conditions or chemical treatment due to transferring to herbal market. The aims of this study were to: determination of the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Hg, Pb and Zn in Rosa Damascena available in Iranian market in comparison with these heavy metal contents in samples which is harvested from Kashan farms in order to find probable effect of transferring and storing process in contamination issue. The samples were analyzed by a Flame Emission Spectrophotometer and an automated continuous flow hydride vapor generation system was used for mercury. our results showed that the majority of medicinal plants (flowers) samples from markets had higher level of these heavy metals although these contents in samples which harvested from Kashan farms shows lower level of heavy metal contamination. It revealed that probably the transferring process and storing herbal plants are the main factors for contaminating.

A high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) method which was used solid-phase extraction for cleanup, was developed for the determination of Azinphos methyl, Phosalone, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos residues in fruits. A full factorial experimental design was used for development of HPLC condition and evaluation of effect of three factors (pH of mobile phase, percent of acetonitril in mobile phase and flow rate) on the retention time and resolution of peaks. The samples were extracted with Hexan/Aceton(50/50)and then is loaded onto a C18 end-caped SPE cartridge for further clean up. For SPE condition optimization, several solvents (acetonitril, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane) were tested as eluent and the best recovery was found with hexane. The optimum HPLC condition was achieved with acetonitril: water (60:40) as mobile phase, flow rate 1 ml/min, on C8 column. The standard calibration curves were linear between 0.05-1μg/ml for Azinphos methyl and 0.1-2 μg/ml for others. The hexan:acetone extraction followed by the C18 end-cap SPE cleanup provided recoveries of >70% for all of pesticides and removing the greatest number of sample matrix interferences.

Iran has a great wealth of various naturally occurring medicinal plants which have great potential pharmacological activities. Ziziphus vulgaris known as Jujube is one of these plants. For a long time Z. vulgaris has been used in alternative medicine as anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti- hypertension. Z. vulgaris has recently been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and sedative activities. Flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins are the main phytochemicals which are reported from this plant. Considering the easy collection of the plant, its wide distribution in warm-temperate regions, and remarkable biological activities, this plant is used as both medicine and food in some parts of the world including Iran. This paper reviews the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of this medicinal plant.

One of the goals of medicinal chemistry research and drug discovery is to provide a rational basis for the design of new medicinal agents. Organic compounds and their reactions have been utilized by people since antiquity. Due to the increasing demand for bioactive molecules, organic chemists are increasingly required to synthesize new compounds of biological interest. As Benzimidazoles are very useful intermediates for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest, this review study was conducted to explore the effects of Benzimidazole derivatives on digestive system and cardiovascular system.