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Pharmaceutical and Health - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Spring 2014

Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Health
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Spring 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/06/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Malihe Akhavan, Sajjad Jahangiri, Ali Shafaghat Pages 89-95
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the fruits of Trigonosciadium brachytaenium in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Flavonoids are present in food and medicinal plants and are thus consumed by humans. They are found in plants as glycosides. Their biological activities have an impact on human health so that they serve as target molecules to develop new drugs. From methanolic extract of fruits of Trigonosciadium brachytaenium (Boiss.) Alava. (Umbelliferae family), two flavonoid derivatives namely 5- Hydroxy- 3’-methoxy-4’- ethoxyflavone-7-O (’’-(4’’’- acetyl-rha)-rha)(1) and 5- Hydroxy- 4’-methoxy-8- ethoxyflavone-7-O-(2’’-(2’’’- acetyl-rha) rha)(2) have been isolated by column chromatography (CC) and preparative TLC (PTLC). Those structures were elucidated by UV, 1H- and 13C- NMR, HMBC, EI-MS and IR spectra. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicate that methanol extract from aerial parts of T. brachytaenium possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected (IC50 = 47 μg/mL). This study reveals that the methanolic extract of this plant is attractive sources of flavonoid, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of aerial part was determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the extract exhibited good antimicrobial activity. These flavonoid compounds were isolated for the first time from T. brachytaenium.
    Keywords: Trigonosciadium brachytaenium, Umbelliferae, Methanolic extract, flavonoid, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity
  • Fereshteh Nematollahi*, Kambiz Larijani Pages 97-101
    Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyses of components of floral-water of Rosmarinus officinalis. Some effective parameters such as volume of extraction, disperser solvents and salt effect were studied by a full factorial design for obtain the optimum condition. The main compounds of the floral-water of Rosmarinus officinalis were a-pinene (16.7%), camphr 9.1%) and 1,8-cineole (8.5%).
    Keywords: Dispersive liquid, liquid microextraction, Rosmarinus officinalis Floral, water, a, pinene, 1, 8, cineole
  • Mina Jamzad*, Abdolhosein Roostaiyan, Shiva Masoudi, Firoozeh Chalabian, Ziba Jamzad Pages 103-109
    Two flavonids: 5-hydroxy-6,7,4 ́-trimethoxy flavone (salvigenin), 5-hydroxy-7,4 dimethoxy flavone (thitonine) and a labdane type diterpenoid: 8,13-epoxy-14 labdene (manoyl oxide) isolated from the solvent extract of the aerial part of Salvia reuterana Boiss.The proposed structure were stablished by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 2DNMR(C-H-Cosy, HMQC),DEPT and Mass spectroscopy and confirmed in accordance with bibiliographic data and computational chemistry results. The three components were evaluated against 7 microorganisms including gram(+/-)bacterias by measurment of growth inhibitory zone. They showed significant effect specially on gram(-) bacterias and in this way the most effective component was thitonine which was even more effective than Gentamicine as standard antibiotic.
    Keywords: Salvia reuterana, salvigenine, thitonine, manoyloxide, antibacterial activity
  • Hashem Akhlaghi Pages 111-114
    The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of flowers of Calycanthus floridus L. var. oblongifolius (Nutt.) D.E. Boufford & S.A. Spongberg, planted in Sabzevar, Khorasan Province (Iran), was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighteen compounds representing 90.1% of the flower oil of Calycanthus floridus L. var. oblongifolius were identified, among them 1,8 cineol (33.1%), bornyl acetate (14.1%), α-pinene (10.2%), elemol (8.2%), β-pinene (8.6%) and α-terpinyl acetate (5.8%) were the major ones. In this essential oil, oxygenated monoterpenes (57.2%) predominated over monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.7%) and sesquiterpenes 10.2%). Nonterpene hydrocarbons were not found among the identified components.
    Keywords: Calycanthus floridus L. var. oblongifolius, Calycanthus fertilis, Essential oil, GC, MS
  • Ali Shafaghat*, Neda Amiri, Farshid Salimi Pages 115-123
    The hexane extract of the flowers of Rheum ribes L. which was collected from north western Iran, was obtained by Soxhlet apparatus and the essential oil composition was obtained by hydro distillation and analyzed by using GC-GC/MS. The extract from the flowers was characterized by a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (66.0%) and some of long chain hydrocarbon compounds. The main components of the hexane extract were 9-octadecenoic acid(ω-9) (42.8%), 9, 12- octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid or ω - 6) (19.6%), hexadecanoic acid, (palmitic acid) (8.6%), 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl (5.7%), dodecane (3.7%) and γ- linolenic acid (3.6%). The hexane extract from Rheum ribes flowers detected as an important source of ω-6 and ω-9 compounds. This study reveals that the flowers of this plant are attractive sources of oily components, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural sources of unsaturated fatty acids. Twenty three compounds representing 97.5% of the distilled oil of R. ribes flowers were identified, among them germacrene-d (22.3%), α pinene (13.5%), terpinolene (12.4%), p-cymene (10.6%), bicyclogermacrene (9.6%) and limonene 8.6%) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and hexane extract were determined against some bacteria and both samples had a moderate effect on the some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity of the extract and essential oil were evaluated by DPPH method. The results indicate that hexane extract of this plant flowers possess considerable antioxidant activity.
    Keywords: Rheum ribes, Polygonaceae, antibacterial, Essential oil, fatty acid, germacrene, d, ω 6, ω 9
  • Hashem Akhlaghi Pages 125-128
    The hydrodistilled essential oil from flowers of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. f., which is endemic to Iran, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twelve compounds representing 80.4 of the flowers oil of H. platystegius were identified. This oil was particularly rich in α pinene (25.8%) and limonene (20.9%); another major component of the oil was β-pinene 12.2%).
    Keywords: Hymenocrater platystegius, Labiatae, essential oil composition, α pinene, limonene
  • Ali Shafaghat*, Farshid Salimi, Fareghe Amiran Pages 129-136
    Chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Prunus armeniaca kernel oil were evaluated in this study. The hexane extracts of kernel of P. armeniaca, which were collected from northwestern Iran, were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were derived to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The oil from kernel extract contained ω-6 (51.6%). The other main components were hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) (23.0%), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) (10.6%) and 9 hexadecenoic acid (2.7%). Hexane extract of kernels from P. armeniaca detected as an important source of ω-6 compound. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicate that hexane extract from P. armeniaca kernels possess considerable antioxidant activity. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay was 165μg/ mL. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that the hexanic extract from kernel of this fruit is attractive sources of ω-6.
    Keywords: Prunus armeniaca, Rosaceae, kernel, ω 6, fatty acid, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity
  • Roghayeh Mahmoodi, Ali Shafaghat*, Farshid Salimi Pages 137-144
    Flavonoids are secondary metabolites produced mainly in almost all terrestrial plants and fruits, where they provide UV protection and color. They have a fused ring system consisting of an aromatic ring and a benzopyran ring with a phenyl substituent. Their biological activities have an impact on human health so that they serve as target molecules to develop new drugs. From methanolic extract of aerial parts of Chaerophyllum macropodum (Boiss.) (Umbelliferae family), a diglycosylated flavonoid derivative namely 4΄,5-O-dirhamnosid-3’-butanoat-7-hydroxyflavone and a phthalic acid ester namely dioctylphthalate have been isolated by column chromatography (CC) and preparative TLC. Those structures were elucidated by UV, 1H- and 13C- NMR, HMBC, EI-MS and IR spectra. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol and aqueous extracts of aerial part were determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that both extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity of methanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicate that methanol extract from aerial parts of C. macropodum possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected (IC50 = 65 μg/mL). This study reveals that the methanolic extract of this plant is attractive sources of flavonoid, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants.
    Keywords: Chaerophyllum macropodum, Umbelliferae, Methanolic extract. 4΄ 5, O, dirhamnosid, 3', butanoat, 7, hydroxyflavone, dioctylphthalate, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity