Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Health
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Spring 2016

Aim: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Since water-soluble fullerene derivatives act as the potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals in biological systems, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of fullerol nanoparticles on brain infarction and edema in transient model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat.
Experiment was performed by three groups of rats (each group; n=8): sham, control ischemia (IR) and ischemia treated rats with fullerol. Brain ischemia was induced by 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Treated rats received fullerol at dose of 1 mg/kg 30 min before induction of MCAO. The brains were processed for histochemical triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and quantitation of the ischemic infarct. Finally, the brain hemispheres were weighed as an index of brain edema.
MCAO induced brain infarction in large areas of cortex (261± 23 mm3) and subcortex (138± 23 mm3). Treatment with fullerol significantly reduced the infarct volume both in cortex and subcortex by 64.75% and 52.17%, respectively. Induction of MCAO significantly increased the weights of right hemispheres in IR group (0.77± 0.01 g) compared with sham rats (0.59± 0.01 g). Treatment with fullerol decreased the weights of ischemic hemispheres in IR treated group (0.69± 0.03 g) compared to IR non-treated rats.
Our findings indicate that fullerol nanoparticles are able to reduce the ischemia-induced brain injury and edema possibly through their scavenging properties.

Saffron flower (Crocus sativus) is one of the most precious spices in the world. In this respect, the saffron style samples were gathered from the farms of Torbat-Heidariyeh located in South Khorasan province during one year and their preparation was performed based on the common manufacturing standards. Then, in order to considering the international and national standards for saffron and spices evaluation of the desired properties of saffron style was investigated which included the moisture content, total ash, in acid insoluble ash, the cold water soluble extract, recognition of the color additives and the power of color, total counts of micro-organisms, the form and mold, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, sulfite-reducing clostridium, and enterococcus based on physicochemical and microbial. It was found that the tested physicochemical properties of saffron style such as the total ash, the acid insoluble ash, the cold water soluble extract, recognition of the color additives, and the power of the color were in lower grade than the stigma. The level of Crocin, Picrocrocin, and Safranal available in the saffron style along with stigma were in different amount amounts and very how compared to the style. The style moisture was the only factor which its amount in stigma was greater than style. Statistically, the tests of moisture content, total ash, the acid insoluble ash, and the cold water soluble extract had a significant difference (p

The goal of this study was to design and evaluate extended - release system of the hypnotic agent, Zolpidem tartrate usefulness for the treatment of insomnia. The half-life of this drug is about 1.9 - 3 hours that indicating it a candidate for the extended release formulation. Our investigation relates to development of extended drug delivery system based on Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMCK4M) as release retardant, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP k30) as binder and Magnesium Stearate using Factorial design. In vitro release study of matrix tablets was carried out in 0.01N HCl for 2 hours. All prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for physicochemical evaluation and drug content. The formulation that had release profile according to United State Pharmacopoeia selected for stability study according to ICH guidelines.

The main aim of this study was preparation and evaluation of extended - release system of the anxiolytic substance. Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to those of diazepam. Our studies focused on development of extended drug delivery system based on Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC 4000cps) as retard agent and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP k30) as binder using factorial design. All prepared matrix tablets were considered for physicochemical evaluation and drug content. In vitro release study of matrix tablets for all formulations has shown that HPMC is the main component in retarding of alprazolam in dissolution medium. The optimum formulation (30% HPMC 4000 and 10% PVP) with suitable release profile according to criteria of United State Pharmacopoeia has selected for stability studies according to ICH guidelines.

The manufacturing equipment in pharmaceutical industry, could be used in multiple and shared production lines, therefore there is the possibility for the products components and active ingredients to intermix and pollute one another. In this purpose the cleaning methods are used, to reduce the residues levels from the machinery surfaces and decrease the residues to acceptable level but these methods must be validated firstly. This study aimed to validate the cleaning process of ceftazidime using a new method for determination of ceftazidime on equipment surfaces. In this order High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been developed and relative samples have been analyzed. Through this process, type and ratio of the buffer, flow rate and the pH were used as the effective factors in three levels of design for the experiment, and a total of 27 exercises according to Box-Behnken model were designed and implemented. One of these experimental runs was picked and selected by software as the optimum condition in accordance with the separation processes results and the validation of method has been studied and researched. Validation process results proved the accuracy of the analysis method used, demonstrating it could be deployed to determine the level of ceftazidime in low dosages. Therefore: LOQ = 0.63 ppm, LOD = 0.17 ppm, and recovery percentage were reached to 100:71. The results of our study demonstrated the developed method which is appropriate to hold optimal conditions for analysis of cleaning samples containing ceftazidime through HPLC process.

Paracetamol that is known as acetaminophen have the most consume as an analgesic and antipyretic drug in the world. That is formulated in single compound or mixture at many forms such as tablets, syrups, suspensions and drops. The last form is intravenous injections. Paracetamol derived from 4-minophenol which is synthesized by acylated the P-acetaminophenol and acetic anhydride. 4-aminophenol is the main impurity at manufacturing of paracetamol which could produce by hydrolysis during storage or synthesis under normal conditions (temperature, pH, etc.). Also, 4-chloroacetanilid may be observed as an impurity in the raw material of paracetamol synthesis. Benzyl alcohol is a preservative that used in Paracetamol for injection. It will be very important if there are analytical techniques to measuring paracetamol and its degradation products accurately and easily. Undoubtedly the most important and widely used, separation technique is chromatography. There are several reports about separation and quantitative determination of paracetamol lonely or simultaneous determination of paracetamol and 4-aminophenol. In this paper investigated simultaneous determination of paracetamol, 4-aminophenol, 4-chloroacetanilid, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and EDTA in paracetamol for injection ampoules by high performance liquid chromatography. By changing the ratio of mixing methanol and acetonitrile as mobile phase at the wavelength of 215 nm and pH=3 separation of all compounds were completely done.

Hazelnut (Corylus avellna L.) is one of the important nut crops in world. The harvesting of hazelnuts is done either by hand or by manual or mechanical raking of fallen nuts in Iran. Common hazel is widely cultivated for its nuts, including in commercial orchards in Europe, Turkey, and Iran. There are some genotypes of hazelnut in Iran that their growing areas are limited to Gillan, Aredbil, Mazandaran, Golestan, Zanjan and Qazvin Provinces. Varieties, location, composition of soils, usage of fertilizer and irrigation affect the fatty acid, mineral and vitamin composition of hazelnuts, and consequently influence the nutritional value and quality of the product. Therefore, the objective of this study was evaluation of protein, crude fiber, and fatty acids in samples in Tarem and Rudsar County farmlands as two economically important provinces. Samples were collected during the harvest season in 2015 from 10 different distinguished cultivars of trees grown in a replicated trial in an experimental orchard. The chemical and physical properties (crude protein, total fat, crude oil, crude fiber, ash, refractive index) were analyzed according to AOAC methods. In investigation on these two varieties, the highest fatty acid had oleic acid with 85.026% in Rudsar (Gillan) and 83.226% in Tarem samples. Evaluation of 420 hazelnut seedling samples reveals that Rudsar variety samples have more protein, ash and carbohydrate while crude fiber percentage in Tarem variety is more. The results of this research reveals that geographical conditions affect the nutritional value of hazelnut significantly (p

Aims of the study: Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecologic disorder in young women at reproductive age but the underlying risk factors have not identified yet in Iran and other neighboring countries. Persistent exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in particular dioxins, PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with xenoestrogenic potentials have been hypothesized in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis .We aimed in the present study to investigate the joint effects of endogenous and exogenous sources of estrogens on the incidence of endometriosis in Iranian women who born and lived in Tehran . The age matched study population consisted of 34 women with endometriosis and 100 healthy women who underwent surgery from March 2009 to March 2012 . Out of evaluated exogenous sources of estrogen exposure, living near xenoestrogen producing factories (p