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Pharmaceutical and Health - Volume:5 Issue: 3, Autumn 2017

Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Health
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Autumn 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/09/09
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Olfa Bali *, Imen Ammar, Monia Ennouri, Hamadi Attia Pages 195-205
    Smen is a milk fat isolated by ‘boiling-off’ water. Milk fat was first converted into butter and then into smen. Smen product is utilized for culinary cooking and frying of different food. Smen has better shelf-life than other indigenous dairy products due to its lower moisture content. However, it undergoes deterioration (lipolysis and oxidation of milk fat) causes flavor impairment, lowers nutritional quality and creates serious problems for storage stability. Objectives of this work were studying physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of clarified butter fat “smen” produced from non-pasteurized and pasteurized cow’s milk. A sensorial evaluation was applied to select more appreciate “smen” by consumers. An oxidative procedure was applied to test the stability of smen. Samples were kept in glass bottles and heated at 100°C. The resistance to oxidation of smen samples was studied by measuring Peroxide value (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Specific absorptivity at 232 and 270 (K232 and K270) values and change in fatty acid composition, color, polyphenol contents and oxidation induction time in the Rancimat. Differences between the two clarified butter fat “smen” products are indicative for their comparison in terms of their thermal stability, consequently for their shelf-life determinations. Therefore, effect of processing methods and storage conditions were evaluated. When compared, smen produced from pasteurized milk has higher thermal stability than smen produced from non-pasteurized milk. All studies indicated that, smen produced from non-pasteurized cow’s milk was more prone to oxidation than smen produced from pasteurized cow’s milk. Regarding these specificities, the value of this product in food formulation may be justified.
    Keywords: clarified butter “smen”, physicochemical characteristics, sensorial evaluation, thermal stability
  • Prasanth Dsnbk *, Srinivasa Rao Atla, Rajendra Prasad Yejella Pages 207-216
    Background
    Ethnomedicinally, the plant Argyreia pilosa Wight & Arn. (Convolvulaceae) has long been utilized in various disorders in the conventional system; most significantly it is utilized against sexually transmitted diseases, skin troubles, diabetes, rheumatism, cough, and quinsy. The key challenge experienced in the standardization of herbal drugs is the lack of proper identification of plant source. Therefore there is certainly have to establish quality control parameters by utilizing pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation, that ensure the purity, safety, and efficacy of medicinal plant A. pilosa.
    Aim: To assess pharmacognostic characteristics which include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of the root of A. pilosa.
    Methods
    Micro and Macroscopic characters of fresh and dried root samples were investigated. Physicochemical parameters had been done by using WHO recommended parameters, preliminary phytochemical and fluorescent analysis of root sample were carried out for proper identification and standardization of root of A. pilosa.
    Results
    The color, shape, size, odor, and surface characteristics were noted from the root and powdered root material of A. pilosa. Light electron microscope i.e., Olympus CX-21i trinocular Microscope images of cross section of root and powdered root revealed that the presence of cork cells, Xylem fibers with tapered ends, lignified xylem vessels, phloem fibers, medullary rays, sclerides and parenchymatous cells. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, acid compounds, glycosides, amino acids, and proteins. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value and fluorescent behavior of root powder were determined. These parameters are helpful to differentiate the powdered drug material.
    Conclusion
    The current research is useful in order to supplement the information with regard to its standardization, identification and in carrying out further investigation in Ayurvedic system of medicine.
    Keywords: Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Argyreia pilosa Wight, Arn, Physicochemical, Fluorescence studies
  • Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli *, Sepideh Jafari Pages 217-224
    Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke(WTS) is an unhealthy life style that may increase the risk of genotoxic responses and chronic diseases such as cancer. Micronucleus test is a successful and reliable method which is used for screening of genetotoxic responses of whole body and also for screening those people who had already exposed to genotoxic compounds. In this study, specific questionnaires were designed and used for studying the role of shisha smoking on the extent of genotoxic responses and cases were looked for MNs with this biomonitoring method. The study population was 20 young adults (12men and 8 women) who born and lived in Tehran and had continuously smoked shisha more than 2 times weekly for more than 2 years . The associations between all recorded background, environmental and nutritional factors and increased incidence of Micronucleus in buccal cells of all cases were considered by statistical methods. In order to count Micronucleus levels, buccal cells were collected from buccal mucosa of these people with small-headed toothbrush and was placed the head of tooth brush into buccal cell buffer, slides were prepared and cells were stained with Schiff’s reagent and light green .Finally 1000 differentiated cells were recorded by optical microscope in each slide and the mean level of MN was determined for each volunteer . All steps were performed according to the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay protocol. Increased incidence of Micronucleus was associated with the extent of shisha smoking per week (p=0.021), alcohol consumption ( p=0.021) and BMI ( p=0.027). The other effective factor in the occurrence of Micronucleus was gender/sex ( p=0.011) but nutritional factors didn’t change the level of Micronucleus in our cases. The relationship between other background and environmental factors were not significant too. It seems that long term consumption of shisha in both genders could increase the risk of genetic toxicity and occurrence of malignancies in human target cells.
    Keywords: Buccal mucosa, shisha smoking, micronucleus
  • Narjes Janatiha, Saeedeh Shojaee Aliabadi *, Maryam Moslehi Shad Pages 225-229
    Poultry meat is one of the perishable foods. The growth of pathogenic microorganisms may occur in chicken meat during refrigerated storage. Microbial growth causes serious hazard in food safety consumer. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial properties of Thymus vulgaris (TEO) and Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) and the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films containing essential oil on shelf life of chicken meat during 9 days at 4 C. Essential oil was extracted by distillation. At first, antimicrobial activities of CMC film containing essential oil and control films were analyzed by disc diffusion assay. After that, three treatments of chicken fillets include untreated-control (C), coating carboxymetyl cellulose (CMC), and CMC with 2.4% Zataria multiflora essential oil (CMC-Z) were prepared. The microbial shelf life of treatment were determined in 3 days interval at 4 C. The results showed that in comparison antimicrobial properties of Thymus vulgaris and Zataria multiflura essential oil, ZEO containing film had efficient inhibitory effect compared to TEO, thus film incorporated with ZEO was selected for shelf life studies. Also the results revealed that total viable count (TVC) population of fillets increased during shelf life and exceeded 6.81 log cfu g -1 for CMC sample on day 8. For CMC-Z treatments this deadline was achieved after 9 day. Coating chicken meat sample with CMC film could decrease population TVC compared to the control sample (p
    Keywords: Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, Antimicrobial Coating, Shelf Life, Chicken Meat
  • Parisa Ziarati *, Mahyar Zahirnejad, Jinous Asgar Pahanh Pages 231-243
    The programs of managing waste materials in developing countries are often unsatisfactory and the unreasonable disposal of waste is a major issue in the worldwide. The main aim of the current study is to: Assess the applicability of Rumex crispus L. in removing heavy metals from the contaminated wastewater effluent form Pharmaceutical laboratories by bio-adsorption method. The dried R. crispus L. seeds were purchased from recognized herbal plant markets randomly in Tehran in May 2016 in order to investigate the influence of R. crispus seeds as an amendment to remove or decrease chemical forms of Co, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni. Experimental parameter were as follows: pH, temperature, dose of bio-adsorbent R. crispus L. seeds, contact time, particle size mesh were studied. Results revealed that bio-adsorption capacity of Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cobalt and Nickel increases with increasing initial adsorbent concentration and reaches at maximum after a 2% initial concentration of S. incisa seeds concentration value. Heavy metals adsorption ranged from 83.5 -91 % after agitation for 1 week (equilibration time), and there was no significant further increase in % sorption of them after the equilibration time (P ≥ 0.05). This research area of using models for resolving nature of heavy metals complexation and sequestrations mechanism at heavy metals-bio-adsorption interface have been less explored . The results represents a critically important mechanism in the scientific ability which should be investigated in future research to unravel complex surface heavy metal sorption mechanism on the bio-sorbent’s surface by using various chemical modeling approaches. Current research is suggested for the characterization of novel bio-adsorbents from other waste of herbal plants, agriculture/food-industry with maximum heavy metals sorption capacities to promote large-scale use of bio-adsorbents.
    Keywords: Rumex crispus L, Seed, Bio-adsorption, Pharmaceutical Effluent, Removal Heavy Metals
  • Zohreh Haghri *, Jamil Kheirvari Khezerloo, Masoum Amraee, Afsaneh Yavari Pages 245-249
    There are many different bacterial infections in the world that patients are suffering from and research teams are trying to find suitable ways to prevent and treat them. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are most important infections in the world , and they are more common among women because vaginal cavity is near to urethral opening. The aim of this study is cloning of synthetic gene include antigens against UTIs in pET28a vector. Antibiotic resistant has been increasing because of antibiotic overuse recently, so It shows the necessity of developing a vaccine against these infections. There for, it will be imperative to develop a vaccine instead of antibiotics. This infection causes by many organisms, most important of which are Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae Uropathogenic Escherichia .coli is the most important microorganism that causes these infections more than other bacteria, so in developing a vaccine it is the most important one, that have to be considered. The synthetic Gene which was designed against these three bacteria including antigens which are important and common to cause these infections. This gene has involved 1293bp. It was ordered to Gene Ray Biotechnology. Primers were designed by Gene Runner. Gene and pET28a vector was checked by SnappGene. Synthetic gene was multiplied by PCR and cloned in pET28a vector. Construct was transformed into E. coli TOP10.The clone was confirmed by PCR, Digestion. This data indicates that this gene can be expressed and it might be a vaccine candidate to protect people from these infections in the future.
    Keywords: cloning, pET28a+, Urinary Tract Infections, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
  • Jamil Kheirvari Khezerloo*, Zohreh Haghri, Mana Oloomi, Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi Pages 251-256
    Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infectious diseases that lead to significant health problems in the world. Urinary tract infections are referred to any infection in any part of the renal system. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella are main organisms that are involved in these infections.
    After identifying same protective and conserved virulence sequences in these microorganisms with similarity upper than 80%, sequences of synthetic gene was provided by bioinformatics techniques and ordered from Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. PCR amplification of this gene was performed by specific primers designed for this purpose. Construction of gene was performed by overlap PCR. The synthetic gene was cloned into pET28a vector. Our gene was amplified in E. coli Top10 tested.
    To confirm cloning, three methods including colony PCR, digestion and sequencing were used. First, two techniques were performed using horizontal electrophoresis, and also the synthetic gene showed significant homology with the sequence (99% Identified) in sequencing. Sequencing of this gene showed that fusion was constructed correctly. Determination of biochemical properties such as 3D structure, Ramachandran and comparison of Non-redundant Set of PDB structure was done by bioinformatic software and had exact and expectable results.
    A large part of the health system in the world is occupied by a urinary tract infection and governments spend a huge amount of money for the treatment and recovery of patients with these infections. On the other hands, antibiotic resistance in the not-far future will be a disaster for medical societies. This is the most important reason for the emergence of vaccine production against urinary tract infections.
    Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli, cellular immune system, cloning
  • Bahman Kargar Shahamat *, Mohammad Reza Taghva, Seyyed Habibollah Tabatabaiean Pages 257-276
    By reviewing economic performance, two main phenomena could be identified: The first phenomenon is prior to the third wave of the Industrial Revolution in which limited resources are the predominant input; in other words, physical and natural resources are much more credited than human resources. The second phenomenon resonates with the third wave of industrial revolution to the present time, suggesting the pivotal role of humans in production and accumulation of wealth, in which limited resources are no longer considered as predominant input. The present research seeks to understand the behavioral logic of the players of Iran's pharmaceutical sector so as to infer the innovative treatment of the firms in this sector. The concept of innovative system is indebted to the efforts economists and other scientists have made by analyzing economic development based upon technological development. Meanwhile, sectoral innovation system (SIS) is a tool for analyzing a technological sector in the context of evolutionary economics with an emphasis on institutional capabilities. The structure of such an approach is composed of some components through which performance analysis of certain technological sector could be made possible. In research, we use expert panel with 12 experts from Universities, Companies, Governmental institutes. The current study wishes to explain structural model of institutional elements in this technological sector. Subsequently, in light of such an explanation, structural elements of this sector would be analyzed through identification of legal and regulatory framework, innovative culture, innovative infrastructure, financial resources, information resources, technology transfer mechanisms, commercialization support and marketing.
    Keywords: Evolutionary Economics, Institutional Approach, Technological Development, Sectoral Innovation System (SIS), Iranian Pharmaceutical Sector (IPS)