فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال نوزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

Quality of work life is one of the most important factors that empowers human resources in healthcare system. It also improves employee’s job satisfaction. Because nursing is an important component of health care systems of a country, this survey carried out to determine the work-related quality of life of nurses in Ardabil province hospitals.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed by census sampling method on all nursing staff working in hospitals in Ardabil province. 812 nurses returned questionnaires. Data collection was done by a two-part questionnaire, consisted of demographic and quality of work life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v15 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods.
In this study, quality of work life of nurses was moderate (83.7%) and only 4.9% of them had a good quality of work life. There was a statistically significant correlation between quality of work life and employment status, shift work, hospital work and satisfaction with field of study (p According to the results of the study, the awareness of managers and planners from the quality of work life of nurses and the implementation of principled measures to improve it is necessary to provide the necessary conditions for improving the quality of nursing services.

Increasing the happiness of nurses can reduce stress and promote health, quality of life, self-esteem and job performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Fordyce Happiness Training Program on nurse's happiness.
This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted in different parts of Seyedol Shohada hospital in Isfahan in 2014. 52 nurses working in different parts of the study were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Fordyce Happiness Training Program was held at 6 sessions each week and a Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and one month after the intervention in both groups.. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test and ANOVA through SPSS 18.
The mean score of happiness before intervention was not significant in the two groups (p=0.94). While the happiness score in the experimental group, immediately (p=0.003) and one month after intervention (p=0.001) significantly increased compared to control group.
According to the results, happiness educational program of Fordyce can increase nurses’ happiness, so psychiatric nurses, psychologist and consultants can use this method to make happy nurses.

A poor pregnancy diet can lead to various nutritional deficiencies. A balanced diet will help keep health throughout pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and nutritional practice of pregnant women referring to health care centers in Saveh University of Medical Sciences based on food guide pyramid.
A descriptive analytical study was performed on 260 pregnant women referring to health care centers in Saveh University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A multi-stage randomized sampling method was used. Data collection tools were questionnaire consisted of demographic information, knowledge, attitude and 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS version 18.
Age of the samples was in the range of 19-40 years old and mean of gestational age was 5.5±2.4 month. 26% of the subjects had a good knowledge, 46% and 28% of them had moderate and weak level of knowledge about the nutrition during pregnancy, respectively. Also, 35% of them had weak attitude, 41% and 24% moderate and good level of attitude, respectively. Consumption of Bread and cereals (64%), Meat and beans (75%), milk and milk products (68%) and Fruits and vegetables (38%) was lower than recommended values. There were significant differences between nutritional practices and the level of education and occupation (p With respect to findings of this study, nutritional education and support in order to improve knowledge, attitude and diet of pregnant women is necessary. Also, emphasize on the importance of accurate nutrition through an appropriate policy in promoting nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior among pregnant women are recommended.

Edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS) has been developed to assess objective and subjective symptoms in patients with cancer in all stages of their disease. The aim of the study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of ESAS in Iranian population.
The current study was carried out to determine the reliability and validity of ESAS using 246 patients with cancer in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil, Iran in 2016. After translating the instrument into Persian, content and face validity, discriminant validity, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency and test-retest were performed to determine the psychometric properties of ESAS. To determine construct validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used by LISREL software version 8.8, and the other analyses were calculated by using SPSS software version 15.
Regard to good fitness indices including CFI, IFI, NFI, factor structure of ESAS with one factor were confirmed by the nine items. Discriminant validity was confirmed by finding significant differences between two groups, patients with good and ill status. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall ESAS was 0.88, and correlation between test-retest with 4-6h interval was 0.86 (r=0.86, p This study showed that Persian version of ESAS is an applicable tool for assessing symptoms distress in patients with cancer in Iranian society. This study might be the first step for utilizing this scale in any medical, rehabilitative and palliative care centers related to patients with cancer.

The use of online games in recent years has become a popular entertainment among teens. Due to their highly motivating properties and the high rates of addiction to these games, the motivating factors for online gaming have come to the attention of researchers. The present study aimed to develop and test a model for the relationship between motivations for gaming and addiction to online games.
In this cross- sectional study, 409 adolescents which play Clash of Clans were recruited from high schools in Karaj and two questionnaires of online gaming addiction and motives for online gaming were completed. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.
The results showed that seeking the flow experience and communication with others were the highest and lowest ranking in prediction of influencing online gaming addiction, respectively. The investigated model for the role of psychological motivations in online gaming addiction was confirmed and explained 0.77 of its variance.
The results of this study suggested that psychological motivations largely explained online gaming addiction among adolescents. Therefore, prevention efforts aimed at reducing online gaming addiction should compose of these factors. In fact, the results suggested that earlier prevention efforts may be warranted.

One of the important roles of education is to train civil workforces who are able to establish a creative relation with others. Learner and the educator’s interaction is a prerequisite factor for learning that facilitates the learning process. This study aimed to investigate the student's incivility from the views of students and faculties in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted during the second (spring) semester of the academic year of 2016. Through the consensus sampling, the inventory of Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) was sent to all faculty members whom 74 teachers returned. In addition, through stratified-random sampling, 540 students completed the same and equivalent instrument. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics of independent t-test and (One-way ANOVA) were used in SPSS (v.24).
The mean and standard deviation of the students and faculty members’ attitude score about students’ incivility behaviors were 2.97±0.35 and 3.05±0.61, respectively. Accordingly, the mean experience score of students and the faculty members were 2.50±0.35 and 3.08±0.48, respectively. The difference between students’ and faculty members’ attitude regarding students’ uncivil behaviors was statistically significant (p According to the findings of this study, students and faculty members experience a moderate rate of incivility from students. Therefore, interventions are necessary to improve the behaviors of the students through educational courses regarding professionalism, academic behaviors, ethics, communication skills and socialization.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) increased due to lifestyle changes. Awareness of health status and distribution of disease have major role in the health planning. This study aimed to determine hospitalization rate due to coronary artery disease in Ardabil Province by GIS.
This cross-sectional study was performed by using the data belonging to 60156 patients with history of admission in the hospital due to CAD in Ardabil Province over the years 2010-2015. Hospitalization Rate (HR) was calculated after classification of the data in terms of location and date of hospitalization. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and repeated measure in SPSS v23. Then centralization of disease in the province was studied by Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis.
The pattern of disease distribution was indicated the random distribution in Ardabil province. In cluster and outlier analysis was observed outlier in Khalkhal and Kosar city, that was indicated the hospitalization rate in the Khalkhal city was higher than the surrounding cities and in the city of Kosar was lower than the surrounding cities.
In Hot Spots analysis was observed cold spot in the cities of Ardebil and Nir that was showed a low distribution of disease in comparison with other cities of the province.
The results of this study showed that in spite of the randomized distribution of coronary artery disease in Ardabil province, this disease is more prevalent in Khalkhal city. Identification of high risk areas, spatial clustering and determination of hot and cold spots will help to clarify the spatial aspects of internal and external correlations of cardiovascular disease and to assess and control the risk factors of space and screening. This is effective in planning health policies and implementing health services and identifying priority areas for disease prevention.

Marital adjustment refers to the state of accommodation in marital relationship, by which spouses react to marital demands in constructive manners. Achievement in marital life depends on Adjustment and maladjustment causes tension. The purpose of the study was the identification of the dimensions of Iranian couple's marital adjustment.
The study was conducted with a qualitative approach during 2015-2016. The participants included 17 couples referring to Tabriz Yavarane Roshd Counseling Center, selected by purposive sampling. Data were gathered by semi-structured interview (up to saturation of the data). The texts of the interviews and field notes were analyzed by Conventional Qualitative Content Analysis within 16 month.
Data analysis lead to extraction of 643 open codes, 196 initial concepts, 31 focused concepts and 4 categories including responsibility, mutual understanding, communicational structure and conflict resolution as the dimensions of of Iranian couple's marital adjustment.
Marital adjustment can be described as responsibility (commitment and life improvement), mutual understanding (realistic evaluation, acceptance, empathy, collaborative decision making and agreement), communicational structure (equal communication, moderate hierarchy and preserving the boundaries) and conflict resolution (compromise, assertive conflict resolution and abandoning aggressiveness) that can be used in couples Evaluation.