نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال نهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1396)

Diabetesis one of the most common metabolic diseaseswhich is characterized by hyperglycemia and failure of endogenous insulin.Levels of serum retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) as an adipokin increase in insulin resistant or type 2 diabetic patientsreferring to its role in regulation of insulin function and glucose metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of resistance training on serum levels of RBP4 and insulin resistance (IR) index in type II diabetic male wistar rats.
Male 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned as study samples. Diabetes was inducedby intra peritoneal injection nicotinamid and streptozotocin. Five days after injection, blood glucose was measured and the rats with fasting glucose levels between 400-126 mg/dl, were considered as diabetic rats. Based on homogeneous body weight,rats were randomly categorizedinto two control and resistance training groups. Onemonthafter inducing diabetes, rats in the training group carried out an eight-week exercise program on a step ladder, whereas control group remained sedentary in their cages. The levels of the serum glucose, insulin, RBP4, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) wereassessed.
Serum concentration of RBP4[(57/3±9 to 70/9±12)(ng/dl),(p=0/007)], glucose[(234/8±36 to 324/5±16)(mg/dl), (p=0/001)], insulin[(5/5±0/8 to 6/7±0/66)( µmol//l),(p=0/002)], insulin resistance index[(0/3±0/11 to 0/2±0/18)( HOMA-IR), (p=0/002)] were significantly decreased in the training group in comparison with the control group.
The present study showed that resistance training could decrease glucose, insulin, and RBP4 level and improves insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes.Therefore,it seems that this type of training can also be appropriate in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are the most common malignanciesamong the childhood and adolescent. According to their long-term treatment, common complicationssuch as endocrinedisorders (growth, puberty, and Body Mass Index (BMI) disorders) are observed.
Material & During a three-year study,criteria of growth and puberty were evaluated in50 children with ALL (n: 25) &NHL (n: 25) who were 3 to 17 years old and were in remission period of disease and treated by chemotherapy (n: 25) or chemo-radiotherapy (n: 25). Less than 5th or more than 95th percentile values were considered as abnormal.
Precocious puberty and delayed puberty weren’tfound in the patients. Sixpatients (12%) had a height less than 5th percentile. BMI in twopatients (4%) was above the 95th percentile. Weight in threepatients (6%) wasmore than 95th and in sixpatients (12%) wasless than 5th percentile. After eliminating the confounding factor of age, in compression for variables of weight, BMI and height,there was no statistically significant differencebetween two groups with different therapeutic regimen (P=0.161, P=0.576, p=0.656, respectively). But there was a significant difference in the case of height between the twogroups ofALL and NHL.(P=0.007)
Due to the importance of growthmonitoring (height, weight) and puberty in children and adolescents, more attention to the growth process is required in cases with ALL and NHL.

Fire in residential buildings, commercial complexes,and small and large industries causeshuman, financial and environmental damages in differentcommunities every year. Fire risk assessment is an effective method to assessthe fire measures and equipment. Aim of present study is fire risk assessment by FRAME in a hospital complex.
Material & In this descriptive cross-sectional study,Imam Ali Hospital of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences was evaluated by FRAME method.Results were calculated using Excel software based on the formula method.
In this study, eighteendepartments containing165 units of hospital wereevaluated. The highest levels of fire risk for buildings, people, and activities were in the operating room (0.31), operating room (3.18) and utilities sections (0.95), respectively. The lowest levels of fire risk were in the MRI (0.11), ICU (1.25) and warehouse sections (0.13), respectively. Fire risk for the building and activity in all parts were less than one, but the fire risk for people were higher than onein all parts of hospital.
The results showed that,although the safety level of buildings, people and activities were minimal, the highest risk and fire potential were in people. Therefore,it isnecessary that the authorities take the appropriate measures in this regard.

Background& objectives¡:Health literacy is the ability of patients to read, understand, and act based on medical instructions. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the most serious non-communicable diseases across the world.Therefore, the purpose of this study wasassessment of health literacy in patients with type2 diabetes referring to the health houses of Chenaran.
In this cross-sectional (descriptive-correlative)study health literacy of 162 patients with type2 diabetes who were referred to the health houses of Chenaran were measured by questionnaire test of adultfunctional health literacy(TOFHLA). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-student, and one-way ANOVA in the SPSS18.
The mean age was 52.7±11.8 years.The mean health literacy score was 43/6±24/03. %68.5 of the cases had inadequate health literacy and %13 had adequate health literacy.There was a significant correlationbetween the health literacy level and income(p=0.033).There wasntany significant relationship between the health literacy and sex(p=0.349), educational level (p=0.417), and age (p=0.451).
This study indicated a low health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Since low health literacy impedes perception of health information and medical instructions, therefore adopting effective strategies to promote this type of literacy seems to be necessary.

Obesity and inflammatory markers such as amyloid A (SAA) and oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) are the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity has a positive effect in reducing the risk factors of these diseases. The aim of present study was to investigate the role of one session endurance exercise on cycle ergometer on serum amyloid A and Ox-LDL in the obese and normal weight young men.
Material and Twenty two male students were participated and divided into two groups: normal weight (n=12; mean±SD of age 25.12±1.42 yrs, weight 69.91±2.75 kg and height 173.04±2.75 cm) and obese (n=10; age 26.45±1.39 yrs, weight 91.15±7.40 kg and height 173.6±3.6 cm). The exercise protocol involved one session pedaling exercise on cycle ergometer with the intensity of 65% of VO2max for 60 minutes. Blood samples were gathered before and after completion of the exercise protocol. SAA and Ox-LDL levels were measured by ELISA method.
The U Man Whitney test showed that the Ox-LDL levels in obese group were higher than that in the normal weight group after exercise (P≤0.05). In obese group, levels of SAA were higher than that in the normal weight group after exercise (P≤0.05). Paired t test showed SAA levels in both groups were significantly increased in comparison with the pre-exercise (P≤0.05). In both groups, a significant correlation was found between SAA and BMI, and in the obese group between Ox-LDL and BMI (P≤0.05).
A single bout endurance exercise increased the levels of SAA and OX-LDL, and it seems that these changes affect higher body mass and exercise-induced acute inflammation.

Cervical cancer is the second common cancer among women which is essential to prevent. This cancer can be prevented through Pap smear screening program. Appropriate educational programs can be designed and implemented to encourage women for participating in screening programs . This study aimed to compare the training methods and training-based educational intervention using theories and models of health education.
Electronic search using Farsi and English key words was performed in data bases such as Information Bank Country (Magiran), Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science, and Biomed central from the beginning of March 2015 until the end of April 2016.
A total of seven study were performed using the health education theory and models and five studies were done without the use of theories and models of health education interventions.
Using multiple and different educational levels and also apply the models and theories of education and health promotion have effective influences on behavioral functions of individuals.

Regular physical activity as one of the main components of healthy life style is low in adolescent girls. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one of the most effective conceptual frameworks to assess physical activity behavior. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the SCT questionnaire in adolescent female student’s Physical Activity behavior in Tehran.
Material and The SCT questionnaire was assessed via content, face, construct validity, and reliability (stability and internal consistency). A cross-sectional study with confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was done to assess construct validity among 400 adolescent female students in one of the educational districts in Tehran (2013). The samples were chosen with multi-stage sampling. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS16 and LISREL8.8 software (the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to using matrix covariance).
The results of CVI (0.94-1), CVR (0.97-1), and impact score (4.6-4.9) were acceptable for all scales. Six constructs of SCT (self-efficacy, self-efficacy to overcome impediments, self-regulation, outcome expectancy, friend and family support) were supported with the result of confirmatory approach. Fit indices showed that the measuring model of SCT had a suitable fit to data (X2=2065/96, df=930, p SCT questionnaire was valid and reliable to assess the physical activity behavior in these adolescent female students. This scale can be used in exercise behavior study and designing educational program interventions in such group.

Back ground & In recent approaches regarding mental health, the social life of a person, i.e. how a person lives socially, is known as an inseparable component of mental health. While most of mental health assessment instruments just deal with individual aspects such as mood and anxiety and on the other hand, the instruments which have been constructed to assess social health frequently disregard the other aspects of mental health. Our object was to build a single instrument to assess these two important aspects of mental health(psychosocial health).
It’s a cross-sectional, descriptive study on 382 students in universities of Tehran province. The participants were entered via stratified random sampling. A demographic checklist, Keyes Social Wellbeing scale (for social aspect of mental health), and SCL-25 (for individual aspect of mental health) were usedto collect data,. Then questions of both scales were placed on exploratory factor analysis and factor structure of this compound psycho-social wellbeing questionnaire was determined.
The results of exploratory factor analysis with Oblimin rotation showed that the psychosocial wellbeing construct has consisted of sixfactors that altogether explained 61% of its variance. Cronbach α coefficient of 0.938 also approved the reliability of the construct with 30 items.
Psychosocial Wellbeing questionnaire with sixfactors and 30 items is a reliable and valid scale toassess both of individual and social aspects of mental health.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease parasite which can infect human and animals. Infection in human is usually asymptomatic. The infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with T. gondii infection in northern Khorasan, Iran.
The cross–sectional study 1302 Serum samples were collected from different cities of Northern Khorasan Province and tested for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against T. gondii using ELISA method. Overall, 1302 pregnant women during first trimester were recruited. The mean age was from 16 to 46 years of olds and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.
From 1302 examined samples, 690, 40 and 57 samples were positive for IgG, IgM and IgA, respectively. In current work, there was not any significant difference between Toxoplasmosis and education level and use of row vegetables. But the differences between contact to cat and use of row meat and prevalences of toxoplasma gondii are significant.
The probability of T.gondii IgM and IgA contamination should seriously be considered during Pregnancy. Testing pregnant women for Toxoplasma gondii is suggested to be done routinely during pregnancy; especially in trimester.

Continuous monitoring of air quality to determine the sources of emissions of pollutants is one of the basic strategies for controlling air pollution.The main purpose of present study wasexamination and evaluation of air quality during 2014 in Bojnurd.
Material & In the present study,air quality index (AQI) was calculated based on the four criteria pollutants levels (PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO) through linear interpolation.Air quality standards for each pollutant were categorized as good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, and very unhealthy based on national air quality standards.
The results showed that theAQI was higher than the standard of Iran's Environmental Protection Organizationin 149 days of 2014. Particulate matter was also determined as a responsible pollutant.
Results showed that the air quality of Bojnurdwas undesirable during half of the year and it was in the very serious situation with regarding to public health, especially for the sensitive groups.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Zinc oxide nanocomposites on serum lipid peroxidation in rats.
Fifty-sixadult male wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (7 rats in each group: one control group and six treatment group).Rats in treatment group received intraperitoneal injections of ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20 and 40 mmol/ml) and ZnO nanocomposites (10, 20 and 40 mmol/ml) for 28 days.Control rats received distilled water for 28 days. Serum lipid peroxidatin was assayed and compared with one-way ANOVA and tukey statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P Intraperitoneal injection of ZnO nanoparticles at 20 and 40 mmol/ml significantly decreased serum lipid peroxidatin in comparisonwith the control group (P ZnO nanoparticles aremore effective in reduction of lipid peroxidation in comparison with the ZnO nanocomposites.

Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder. The aim of this study was to compare mental disorder and general health in individuals with and without vitiligo in the Kashmar.
The study population in this cross sectional study included all patients who were referred to Abolfazl Fazl hospitals and doctor Sharghi’s center of skin. Seventy out of 808 cases had vitiligo. These patients were selected through available sampling. Seventy normal individuals were also selected to compare the mental health and general health. Then SCL_90 and GHQ questionnaires were completed by the cases with and without vitiligo.
Results showed that there was a significant difference between individuals with vitiligo and normal cases in mental disorders (p According to the findings of present study, it can be said that the vitiligo has effects on mental health and general health. Therefore, it is essential that the professionals who are involved in the treatment of such patients also pay attention to the psychological problems.

The aim of present study is comparing the lay (older adults) and experts’ viewpoints about dimensions of successful ageing. Despite the Great literature body of successful ageing, there is not enough subjective approach in conceptualization and measurementof successful ageing based on older adults’ viewpoints.
Material and Firstly, sixty elders were interviewed in Tehran using the mixed methods’ research. The interviews were analyzed with directed content analysis method. Then, the qualitative data were quantized with data transformation technique. Twelve experts were asked to rate categories and sub-categories which were extracted from the qualitative phase. Finally, viewpoints of two groups were comparedon successful ageing’ dimensions.
The results of the qualitative interviews showed a successful ageing concept consisted of 16 sub-categories and six main categories including psychological well-being, social well-being, physical health, financial security, spirituality and transcendent, elder-friendly environmental, and social context. The results indicated differences between lay and expert’s prioritizing of the dimensions of successful ageing. Experts rate “good physical health” and “life satisfaction” as the most important sub-categories. While the participants mentioned “individual positive characteristic” and “social support” as the two top priorities of the successful ageing sub-categories. Individual positive characteristicand religiosity among experts and absence of negative stereotypes of ageing and living in the elder-friendly environment among older adults were the least important sub-categories.
According to the differences between academic and lay viewpoint on dimensions of successful ageing, it is necessary to include elderly viewpoints in the measurementand intervention programs of successful ageing.