نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 115 (تابستان 1396)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acidophilus bacterial isolates from intestine of Coracias Garrulus on performance and carcass characteristics parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 385 chicks were arranged into 35 experimental units with 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were included control, spraying, drinking and sprying drinking of the acidophilus bacterial isolates, and spraying, drinking and sprying drinking of commercial probiotic. Two birds from each replicate were sacrificed and bleeding, then blood was gathered and plasma was extracted.The results were revealed that addition of acidophilus bacterial isolates and commercial probiotic did not affect feed intake at 47 d. The body weight was increased when birds received acidophilus bacterial isolates and commercial probiotic. The FCR were lower in birds received drinking probiotic and in spraying drinking acidophilus bacterial isolates treatments as compared to control. The carcass parameters did not affected by treatments. The results were revealed that addition of acidophilus bacterial isolates and commercial probiotic were decreased the serum cholesterol and LDL concentration of quail. The HDL and triglyceride were not affected by treatments. The protein concentration were increased in chicks received the acidophilus bacterial isolates and commercial probiotic. The antibody response against SRBC and IgM were increased in birds received acidophilus bacterial isolates or commercial probiotic. The jejuna histomorphmetry were showed that height of villi, crypt depth, and the ratios of height of villi to crypt depth were significantly changed.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of zinc-methionine and seleno-methionine on feed intake, rumen fermentation and protozoa population in sheep. In Exp. 1, 20 Sanjabi rams were assigned to one of the four treatments as: 1) basal diet or control without Zn-met and Se-met ; 2) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg Se kg-1 of DM; 3) basal diet supplemented with 400 mg Zn kg-1 of DM;4)basal diet supplemented with 300 mg Se plus 400 mg Zn Kg-1 of DM . In Exp. 2, the fermentation parameters were studied by an in vitro gas test using the rumen fluid from control rams. The gas test was conducted for the treatments as: 1) basal diet or control; 2) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg Se/30 ml rumen fluid ; 3) basal diet supplemented with400 mg Zn/200mg of 30 ml RF; 4) basal diet supplemented with300 mg Se and 400 mg of Zn /200mg of 30 ml RF . In Exp. 1, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility, ammonia nitrogen and total short chain fatty acids were decreased by Zn-met and Se–met supplementation , however, the partitioning factor and microbial protein were improvedin treatments containing mineral supplement. In conclusion, the addition of Zn-met and Se-met had no useful effect on the rumen fermentation parameters of sheep, however, the protozoa population was increased. Also in this study, in vitro method was not a suitable index for evaluating the effect of mineral supplements on the in vivo rumen fermentation.

For study the effects of different levels of wheat screening waste, canola meal with and without multi enzyme on performance, viscosity and nutrient digestibility, 240 Ross- 308 male broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates by 10 chicks in each replicate from 11 to 46 days. Diets were: 1) Diet based on corn-soybean meal (control), 2) Basal diet replaced by 50% wheat screening waste and canola meal, 3) Basal diet replaced by 100% wheat screening waste and canola meal, 4) Diet based on corn-soybean meal pulse 500 g multi enzyme/ton of diet, 5) Basal diet replaced by 50% wheat screening waste and canola meal pulse 500g multi enzyme/ton of diet, and 6) Basal diet replaced by 100% wheat screening waste and canola meal pulse 500g multi enzyme/ton of diet. The best feed conversion ratio, energy and protein intake efficiency, production efficiency index achieved in 1, 4 and 5 diets (P

In order to evaluate some chemical composition of whole sugar cane at different vegetation stages, in a complete randomized design with two varieties the sugar cane early maturity and late maturity. Two fields of from two varieties of sugar cane were selected the sampling of roughage was done for 7 month. Treatments were 14 sample of roughage for a variety of sugar cane. For each sampling roughage, amount of DM, CP, ASH, NDF, ADF, DCH, ADL, CEL and HCEL for each variety of sugar can were calculated. Experiment indicated that, DM and DCH was increase with up age of sugar cane, and were significant varied among the treatments for two varieties of sugar cane. But amount of CP, ASH, ADF, NDF and HCEL in the time of experiment were decrease, and were significant different between the treatments for two varieties of sugar cane. The amount of ADL with age increase, were increase but were not process of specific, and different of between the treatments were significant for two varieties.

In this experiment, possibility of substitution of corn with two triticale cultivars (Cultivar 1; ET-79-17 and Cultivar 2; ET-82-15) in ration and its effect on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens were investigated. Experiment were conducted in completely randomized design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two triticale cultivar and inclusion three levels (20, 40 and 60 percent) of each triticale cultivar with one control treatment. There were five replicates per each treatment and 24 chickens in each replicate. The performance of chickens was measured for a 42 days period and 10 chickens per each experimental treatment were slaughtered to evaluate of carcass characteristics at the end of experiment period. Feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and final live weight in treatment with 60% substitution of corn with triticale were significantly different with control and other treatments. Chicks fed with diet containing 60 percent triticale had the highest intestinal viscosity. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments. The percent of thigh, breast¡ carcass and abdominal fat were not significantly different among treatment. The results indicated that both examined triticale cultivars may be replaced with corn in the broiler chickens diet at levels up to 40% without negative impact on performance. A verity of triticale was no significant effect on the parameters those were measured.

The effects of dried citrus pulp on quality and ruminal degradability of dry matter and nutrients of Berseem clover was studied using a completely randomized design with five treatments including: Berseem clover 1) No additives, 2) supplemented with 40% dried orange peels, 3) supplemented with 40% dried tangerine peel, 4) supplemented with 35% dried tangerine peel and 5% barley grain, and 5) supplemented with 35% dried orange peels and 5% barley grain. The clover harvested before flowering stage and ensiled in a 100×50-cm plastic bag in three replicates. After 35 days, the plastic bags were opened and their chemical composition and ruminal degradation parameters were measured using the nylon bag technique. The pH and Fleight-point of silages were 4.10, 4.15, 4.25, 4.50 and 4.30; 81.00, 96.33, 83.00, 74.33, and 97.00 in treatments 1 to 5, respectively. Addition of dried cirtus pulp decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein content but increased dry matter and organic matter content. In comparison to the control, the fast degradation fraction of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber decreased in treatments 2 and 5 but increased in treatments 3 and 4 increased. The potentially degradable fraction of dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fiber were not significantly different between treatments. Neutral detergent fiber degradation rate was significantly affected by the different treatments was increased by the addition of dried citrus pulp. Dried citrus pulp improves the quality and increase the degradation of Berseem clover silage.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters associated with longevity and body weights and analysis of longevity in the Guilan province native sheep. The data set included full information of pedigree, sex, year, month and day of culling, dam age, year, month and day of birth, type of birth, and birth weight, 3 and 6-month weight. In order to study genetic relationship between longevity and body weights at different ages, bivariate linear-linear models and AIREML algorithm of WOMBAT software were used. The models included the fixed effects of year and month of birth, sex, type of birth, dam age and linear effect of birth weight as covariate. Direct heritability of longevity was low and equal to 0.03. Althogh direct heritability of birth weight 3 and 6-month weight were equal to 0.13, 0.022 and 0.097 respectively. Also, direct genetic correlation between longevity-birth weight, longevity-three month weight and longevity-six month weight were estimated to be -0.081, 0.91 and -0.90, respectively. Negative correlations indicated that lambs with high birth weight and lambs with high weight in 6 month due to culling from flock don’t have high longevity. Because of the low heritability of longevity, for improving the longevity of lambs from birth to yearling age, environmental and management conditions should be improved and indirect selection should be conducted using the correlated traits to increase the survival rate of Guilan province native lambs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of five commercial broiler chickens(Arborakers,Aryan,Ross308, Cubb and Hubbard)available in Iran. First of all, the fertile eggs were hatched from broiler breeder with 31-33 weeks age at the same time. Two hundred sixty one day old broiler chickens were allocated to a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (broiler strains),4 replicates and 13 birds in each replicate. The peirod of experiment was 42 days. The results of this experiment indicated that,treatements had effect significant on the amount of feed intake,the heighest and lowest feed intake related to Hubard(77.1g/d), Ross (83.38g/d) and Arborakers (84.15g/d) respectively(P0.05).In general,the results of this experiment showed weight gain, feed conversion and and carcass quality were not significantly different between broiler strains,therefore each of these could be raised in condition of management and feeding similar to this experiment.

Due to a crucial role in transferring of Prolactin hormone signals to milk protein gene promoter, Prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene has been detected as the most important candidate gene. The present study investigated the genetic variation of exon 9 of PRLR gene and bioinformatics analysis of this gene in farm animals. For bioinformatics analysis, 37 samples of different farm animal species genomic sequences were obtained. A mutation was detected in exon 9 of Khalkhali goat PRLR gene that causes to the substitution of A to G nucleotide and, led to change ATG codon to GTG codon with the substitution of Metioning amino acid with Valin. The results of analyzing of Exon 9 led to identify 28 polymorphic sites in the PRLR gene that causes 10 haplotypes with 0.8408 haplotype diversity in studied species. Nucleotide diversity and average nucleotide differences among species were 0.04439 and 10.655 respectively. Analysis of genetic diversity showed that ovine species have the more diversity compared with other species. Also, analysis of species distance and network analyses showed that ovine is most closed species to Capra than other species, and Khalkhali goat belongs to the same phylum as Capra Hircus.

In order to describe the growth curve of Arabic sheep breed, some statistical models (such as Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Brody, Logistic and Richards) were compared. In this order from 7008 records related to body weight (from birth to 300 days of age) that have been recorded as daily from 1752 head during the years 1995 to 2009 were used. Goodness of fit for individual growth model was determined using adjusted multiple coefficient of determination, Akaike’s information criterion, mean square error and Bias. The results of the present research indicate that Brody growth model with the highest accuracy (R2Adj = 0.9778) and the lowest error (MSE = 11.22 and Bias = 0.000) could give a better fit than the other growth models and being followed by Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Richards and Logistic growth models, respectively. Brody function showed that the difference between the growth curve of various classes of each of the environmental factors of sex and type of birth has been increased with age. After choosing the best nonlinear fixed model, as the second aim of the present research, growth parameter estimations of this model were also obtained with nonlinear mixed model (NLMIXED). All the models evaluation criteria indicated that the Brody mixed effect model fitted the data better than the corresponding fixed effect model and the males have greater diversity within group than females (44.19 kg vs. 27.22 kg).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils and Zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response and some blood biochemical parameters in broilers and evaluate the effects of antibacterial thyme essential oils. In the laboratory section, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of antibacterial thyme essential oils by using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (0,100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and 4 replicates by disk diffusion method. Results indicated that, thyme essential oils at level 400 ppm reduced growth of Escherichia coli (PTCC 1399) and Clostridium perfringens (PTCC 1765). In farm experiment on broilers, a total of 200 one-day-old male chickens (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement including two levels of Zinc sulphate (0 and 300 mg/kg) and two levels of thyme essential oils (0 and 400 mg/kg) with 5 replicates (10 birds per replicate). Results showed that, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in total experiment period were not significantly (p0.05). The overall results of present experiment indicated that using thyme essential oils (400 mg/kg) and Zinc sulphate (300 mg/kg) in broiler diets, in levels of mentioned did not have any positive effects on measured traits.

In this study, the effects of using fat in flushing diet on conception and lambing rate of Lori-Bakhtiari ewes was evaluated. Three-hundred dry and healthy ewes with 2-7 years of age randomly divided into three groups (n=100) in a completely randomized design for receiving three diets as: group 1 (control): no flushing (treatment 1), group 2: 250 grams barley grain per each ewe (treatment 2) and group 3: 144.5 grams barley grain 50 grams supplemental fat per each ewe (treatment 3). Ewes received dietary supplements from two weeks before up to three weeks after ram introduction. Conception rate in different heat periods, overall conception rate, lambing and twining rate were recorded. Conception rate at first heat period in ewes in treatment 3 was higher than the other groups and in second heat period was higher than treatment 1 (P0.05). Ewes with scores 2.5 and 4.5 had the lowest conception rate respectively and the highest was in ewes with scores 3-4 (P 0.05) in three groups. In general, using fat in flushing diet of Lori-Bakhtiari ewes improved lambing rate.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding flaxseed and cannula in ewes diet on performance responses, nutrient total tract digestibility and some blood metabolites and hormones, in late gastation period of Kurdish ewes. Thirty-six ewes were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Ewes in control group did not receive seed oil. In the 3 other groups, ewes received 6% DM of cannula, 6% DM flaxeed or 3% cannula and 3% flaxeed (DM). Fat supplementation was carried out from 60 to 7 days prepartum. There was no difference in feed intake, body weight, and nutrient total tract digestibility among the groups. However, cannula improved fat digestibility (P

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using different levels of alfalfa and alhaji and enzyme on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chicks. This experiment carried out as (2*5) factorial method contained (diet without plant) and 2%, 4% of alfalfa and alhaji and 2 levels of enzyme (0 and 0.025%) with 480 Ross- 308 broilers in 10 treatments, 4 replicate and 12 chicks in each replicate from 11 to 42 days in a completely randomized design. Alfalfa and alhaji caused the daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio increase, however 4% alhaji increased the final weight (P

In this study to gain insights into transcriptional regulation Lactogenesis in mammary tissue, at the first high expression genes in lactogenesis in three different condition were identified by RNA-Seq data analysis. This three conditions including comparison of the dairy cow mammary tissue in 35 days before and 3 days after birth, dairy cow mammary tissue in 7 days before and 3 days after birth and dairy cow mammary tissue in 7 and 35 days before birth. To investigate the biological processes of significant high expression genes in three different condition mentioned above, the DAVID software was used. The only significant terms (P

In order to determine chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of 16 Iranian wheat cultivars before and after fermentation, 2 experiments were conducted. In first experiment, 330 mixed sex broilers (7-10 days) and in second experiment, 198 mixed sex broilers (21-24 days) were used. The AMEn content of samples was evaluated by excreta collection method using chromic oxide as marker at 10 and 24 days old. The average improvement rate of chemical composition of 16 wheat varieties before and after fermentation for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, starch, total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), soluble NSP, insoluble NSP, ether extract, ash, non-fiber carbohydrate and nitrogen-free extract were .48, .61, .79, .09, -5.10, -12.97, -2.50, -0.38, -2.12, -0.41, .79, .11 and .73 percent respectively. The AMEn for wheat cultivars before fermentation at 10 and 24 days old was 2560 and 2944 kcal/kg and these values for wheat cultivars after fermentation was 2770 and 3141 kcal/kg. The AMEn was affected significantly by fermentation and also by age of broilers (P

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of origanum vulgare and cinnamom zelanicum powder on performance and some blood parameters of heat stressed broiler chickens .A total of 200, 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 chicks each, as a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of: basal diet (BD), BD 0.25% origanum vulgae, BD 0.5% origanum vulgar, BD 0.25% cinnamom zelanicum and BD 0.5% cinnamom zelanicum . The experiment was conducted from 25 to 42 day of age, before that, all the birds were fed the basal diet. The birds were kept at 34°C±2 (9.00 to 17.00 h) from 25 to 42 day of age. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with origanum vulgare and cinnamom zelanicum did not affect feed intake (FI). Dietary supplementation with origanum vulgare and cinnamom zelanicum increased BWG and decreased FCR compared to basal diet (P

Glutamine is an amino acid which has antioxidant role. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of glutamine into diluent on semen characteristics of Arabi ram in liquid condition. Semen samples were collected weekly from 8 Arabi rams for 8 weeks and pooled. After dilution, the pooled semen was divided into 5 parts and received the levels of glutamine (0 or control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM). In liquid storage condition under 5°C and different times (1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), semen quality characteristics were evaluated. The glutamine levels have no effects on semen quality in first hour of maintenance (P>0.05). The sperm motility was not affected by treatments during 24 and 48 hours; But, sperm viability in control was lower than 25 mM glutamine (P0.05). Overall, the use of glutamine especially dose of 25 and 50 mM significantly increased the sperm quality parameters of Arabi ram without effect on semen pH.

In order to evaluation of chemical quality, drinking water of animal and poultry was sampled at 114 points (from different regions) in Isfahan province In July 2014. The average concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electric conductivity (EC) of water in Isfahan province were 876.1 mg/l and 1373.8 µm/cm, respectively. The least TDS and EC were found in water samples from Samirom, Feridan and Zarrinshahr regions (P

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) at levels 0, 50 or 100 g/kg dietary dry matter (DM) as nitrogen source on nitrogen retention and activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase), microcrystalline-cellulase (MCCase), filter paper degrading (FPD) activities, ɑ-amylase and proteases in different fractions (i.e., particulate material (PM), extra cellular (EC) or cellular) of rumen liquor. Twenty seven male Moghani lambs were used in a completely randomized design with 9 animals in each treatment. Activity of CMCase in PM, EC and total (sum of PM, EC and cellular fractions) linearly decreased (P0.05), however the protease activity linearly increased (P

The current experiment was performed with the aim of replacing phosphoflavomycin growth promoter antibiotic with a Herbal promoter compound on 165 Layer Japanese quails having 3 treatments, 5 replicates and 12 quails in each replicate from 37 to 42 weeks of age. Treatments were 1) control group; 2) basal diet with phosphoflavomycin antibiotic growth promoter (0.05%) and 3) basal diet with Herbal promoter compound (0.1%). Results showed that herbal promoter compound group has reduced feed consumption and improved feed conversion ratio and egg production percentage, compared with control and antibiotic fed groups. The HDL, triglyceride, liver enzymes, intestinal bacterial load, villus height and intestinal index in group 3 was higher than other two studied group. In conclusion, it can be recommended that inclusion of such herbal promoter compounds having similar compositions are useful replacer to antibiotic growth promoters and can be recommended as a safe feed additive in commercial poultry farms.

In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows during February 2015 to March 2016 were used to assess the performance of smallholder farms. The performance of production traits were as 13.66, 7.82 and 7.24 kg for average total milk yield in farm, average milk sold in farm and average daily milk production per cow, respectively. The overall mean of reproductive traits and mortality rate were as 28.71 months for age at first calving, 14.17 months for calving interval, 232.66 days for average lactation length, 7.76% for calf mortality rate up to yearling age and 1.35% for mature cow mortality rate. The mean of daily feed consumption per cow was 13.36 kg, with 29.33% concentrate. The mean of daily feed intake expenses per cow and return from sale of daily milk per farm were 83 and 90 thousand rails, respectively. The value of milk income to daily feed intake expenses per cow, daily feed intake to average daily milk production and the kg milk price to kg feed intake ratio were 95.48%,2.20 and 1.97, respectively. The average total herd size was 8.76 head, included 30.57% lactating cows, 16.20% dry cows, 11.95% female milking calves, 11.79% male milking calves, 10.18% male growing calves, 10.03% female growing calves, 5.76% mature bulls and 3.52% pregnant heifer, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size all of the most traits.

Five microsatellite markers BM1329, OarAE101, BM143, BM4621 and BM415 which were closely linked to the fecundity gene FecB in Booroola sheep were chosen based on their high conservatism in the closest species and were analyzed for polymorphisms and also their correlation with the litter size of a goat. Observed results showed four microsatellite loci show polymorphism in the present study. However, BM4621 locus was monomorphic. The range of allele size of BM1329, OarAE101, BM143 and BM415 were 180 to 216 to 112, 102 to 112 and 198 to 200 in goat respectively. The alleles of the greatest frequency for of BM1329, OarAE101, BM143 and BM415 were 212, 99, 108 and 200bp respectively. Polymorphism information content (Nei Index) for BM1329, OarAE101, BM143 and BM415 were 0.82, 0.82, 0.72 and 0.49 respectively. Mean number of allele, Observed Heterozygosis, PIC and Shannon information index were 4.75 ± 2.2, 0.36 ± 0.12, 0.71 ± 0.15 and 1.41 ± 0.52 respectively. The litter size for first lambing for investigated loci were significantly different (p