فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

To study the effect of plant hormones Gibberellic Acid(GA3) and Benzyladenine (BA) on leaf ornamentalSpathiphyllum wallissi, BA concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 and GA3 concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 mg.l-1 by foliar spraying in three steps, with a delay of 15days was performed,In each step,40ml ofsolutionwassprayedoneach pot. The pots were arranged in factorialbased complete randomize design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates. Results showed that highest number ofleaves produced per plant in the treatment of 400 mg.l-1and 100 mg.l-1 BA and GA3, respectively, with anaverage of 11/33 and 11 that did not show a statistically significant difference. With increasing concentrations ofgrowth regulators, leaf area index, chlorophyll, petiolelength, chlorophyll a showed a significant increase. Effect of BA and GA3 hormone effect on photosynthetic pigments. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b andtotal level of 400 mg.l-1 BA+100 mg.l-1 GA3 with anaverage of 18/48, 10/74 and 28/73 μg/ml-1, respectively.

In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on theAnthurium leaf characteristics in the presence of salicylicacid, Anthotowok cultivar, a research in mechanizedgreenhouse with a temperature of at least 18 degrees and a maximum of 25 degrees, 80% humidity and 1,500 feetof candelas in the city of Pakdasht. The experiment was acompletely randomized design with 6 different treatmentgroups including control treatment (without salt stress),salinity at ds / m2 level, Salicylic acid salicylic acid level(PPM) 100, salt salicylic acid level (PPM) 200, SalicylicAcid Level (PPM) 100 and Salicylic Acid Level (PPM)200. Measurements included leaf area measurements,leaf number and leaf fresh weight. Based on the results,salinity stress decreased and salicylic acid increased allthe characteristics of the anthurium leaf measured. Thebest result was the salicylic acid (PPM) 100 and the bestresult for salicylic acid (PPM) 200, which can beconcluded that salicylic acid can greatly neutralize the effects of salinity stress on the plant and improve itsgrowth characteristics.

To study the Evaluation Effect of Thiamine and Benzyladeneine spray in pre harvest on qualitative and quantitative traits, growth and flowering in Lilium spp., factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 3 replication and each treatment with 3 plants, a total 63 plants were conducted. Treatments includ Thiamine and Benzyladeneine each other with 3 levels, 25, 50 and 100 ppm and no spraying pot were used as controls. Spraying pots was done three times a week at the same base, so that the last Spraying about a week befor proper stage of harvesting the flowers for delivery to the market(the time to get flowers colors). Morphological, physiological and enzymatic traits of the plant traits such as fresh weight of flower, dry weight of flower, cell membrane stability index, number of flower, cartenoied of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, protein, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes activity and flower life on plant were evaluated. The results showed that BA 150ppm treatment had the most effect on the improvement of traits such as flower fresh and dry weight, cell membrane stability index, total chlorophyll of leaves, protein, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes activity and flower life on plant, BA 100ppm treatment also had the most effect on the improvement of traits such cartenoied of petals. BA 150ppm treatment with 13.2 days was highest and control treatment with 8.3 days had the least flower life on plant. Also the correlation between traits showed had a positive and significant at5 and 1% level. For example flower fresh weight with cell membrane stability index had a positive and significant at 1%.

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of composition of thyme and cloves in the diet on carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chickens. 120 Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with four experimental groups (diets) and three replicates of ten chicks each (totally 12 pens). The experimental groups were control diet and diets containing blend of thyme and cloves, antibiotic and prebioic. Evaluated parameters were carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Results indicated that adding blended thyme and cloves had no significant effect on carcass traits including carcass, breast, thigh and abdominal organs. The blend of thyme and cloves and also prebiotic didn’t affect significantly blood parameters of broiler chickens except of cholesterol level. The blend of thyme and cloves improve cholesterol level in broiler chickens.

In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on control of Nacl salt salinity on some morphological, physiological traits and growth of Peppermint Mint(Mentha piperita), experiment in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 3 replication and each replication with 5 plant, were done. NaCl with two levels of 50 and 100 mg/l and salicylic acid with tree levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg/l, were used. Distilat water uses as a control. Sprying with salicylic acid and irigation with NaCl solution (200mg for each pots) on 4 to 6 leavs for 3 week and two days in week, were done. Morphological, physiological traits of plant such as root and air fresh and dry weight, total chlorophyll, proline, protein, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity were evaluated. The results showed that had the highest morphological, physiological traits and enzymatic activity in control treatment and the lowest in NaCl 100ppm. Also the highest amount of proline in NaCl 100ppm treatment and the lowest in Control treatment.

Environmental stresses are the most important factors in reducing the yield of plants and agricultural products in Iran and all over the world. If environmental stresses did not occur, the actual yields should be equal to the potential yields of plants; while in many crops, the average true yield of plants is 20-30% of their potential yield. In certain parts of the globe, due to the specific geographic location, stressors have a more negative effect on agricultural production and agriculture in those areas has the tolerance to higher cost and lower yield. Iran is one of these countries that in most of its places major unsustainable stresses such as drought, salinity, wind, temperature and live tensions have led to decrease in yield and loss of soil fertility and, in some cases, inability to continue agriculture. For the development of salt tolerant varieties in saline areas, an integrated approach made by combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical methods is essential. Therefore, studying different aspects of stress and a comprehensive review of the great research advances in biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms that regulate plant adaptability and tolerance to salt stress can be remarkably helpful in understanding the resistance mechanism and the development of resistant cultivars. Biotechnology, as a powerful and effective way, can be effective and useful in controlling various stresses. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering researches, with the aim of increasing productivity on the one hand, and preventing losses and wastes on the other hand, allow to solve the problems of this sector by the least environmental wastes and spending minimum capital and provide fields of increasing the production of crops in a macro level with the goal of sustainable development. In this research, we have tried to discuss the environmental stresses and the effect of salinity stress on the plant and the mechanisms of coping with these stresses.