فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) is an evergreen, perennial and woody plant belongs to Lamiaceae family. It also has been considered as a medicinal and ornamental plant. In order to determine the effects of culture Medium and NAA hormone concentrations on rooting, an experiment was performed in the greenhouse and laboratory at Isiamic Azad University of Jiroft. In this study, the effect of NAA values at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm and different culture medium including perlite, sand, mixtures of peat-perlite and sand-perlite in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with four replications was investigated.Number of roots per cutting, fresh and dry weight of root, root length, bud length, number of buds, number of rooted cuttings and number of callus cuttings were recorded and analyzed by variance. Comparison of mean treatments was performed by Duncan's multiple range test. SPSS & SAS softwares were used for statistical analysis of this test. The results showed that the culture medium and the concentration of hormones and their interactions had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest root length, fresh weight and root dry weight, number of rooted cuttings, number of buds and length of buds were obtained, using a concentration of 4000 ppm of NAA hormone and perlite culture medium and the highest number of roots in the cuttings belonged to the treatment effect, 4000 ppm of NAA hormone and peat-perlite culture medium.

One of the current problems in the country is the malnutrition caused by the low intake of micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), due to the low diversity of the diet of the people of these countries and the major role of cereals, especially wheat, in energy and micronutrient nutrition. Considering the important physiological roles of Fe and Zn in the body and the low intrinsic of these elements in wheat grain (between 10 to 50 mg/kg), it is necessary to increase these elements in wheat. On the other hand, wheat has anti-nutritional compounds, such as phytic acid, which reduce the absorption of these elements in the body. In the meanwhile, the application of Zn-containing fertilizers as soluble in vegetative and seedling stages, with effect on cell metabolism and its improvement, increased the parameters involved in yield such as number of spikes per area, number of seeds per spike and thousand grain weight which the result of these factors is the increase of grain yield. Improvement of qualitative properties such as increasing the content of micro-elements in grains (Zn and Fe), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and reducing phytic acid causes the index of phytic acid to Zn molar ratio to degrade in calcareous soils. Also, Zn application can improve the quality of the produced wheat and by increasing the biological value of the protein, will help reduce the malnutrition caused by low protein intake. Therefore, it seems that supplying the Zn with the needs of the plant using agronomic biofortification methods can be proposed as a short-term solution to reduce the nutritional problems caused by Zn deficiency and to improve quantitative and qualitative food safety indicators. On the other hand, wheat has a high genetic diversity in Zn tolerance. This feature has made it possible to achieve genetic biofortification as a long-term solution to achieve higher-yielding genotypes or cultivars to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve people's food security.

In order to investigate the effect of application of biofertilizers and micronutrients on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivar AS71, a research was conducted in Sarpol-e-Zahab city in 2017, in a factorial arrangement and complete block design Randomization was performed in three replications. Experimental treatments including bio-fertilizers at two levels of Phosphatebarvar-2 and Azotobarvar-1 and foliar application of micronutrients in four levels of control, zinc, manganese, and zinc and manganese foliar application. The results showed that the effect biofertilizers and micronutrients had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of grains per row, biological yield at 1% level, and hundred grains weight and harvest index at 5% level. The effect of micronutrients on ear length, number of grain rows per ear and grain yield was significantly affected. Comparison of mean of traits showed that the highest grain yield was obtained in foliar application of zinc with 15936 kg ha-1 . Biological yield with 32246.9 kg ha -1 in combination treatment of Azotobarvar-1 with Zn and Harvest index with 61.53 percent in combination treatment of Phosphatebarvar-2 and Zinc element were highest.

One of the characteristics of ornamental leaf plants is produce enough leaves and side branches to create a dense appearance. In some cases it is necessary to treatment non-causing varieties branch with some of the growth hormones to produce enough leaves and side shoots to achieve this goal. The most common treatment-causing agents are topping the branch and gibberellic acid that produce foliage in plant. This research was conducted in order to influence the topping and application of gibberellic acid on vegetative and reproductive growth of seasonal flowers African marigold. Topping stimulate lateral buds and produced more lateral branches. In this study topping as a first factor in three levels (0, 45 and 90 days before transplanting) and Gibberellic acid as the second factor in four levels (100, 200 and 300 mg / lit) were used in pot and in the open air under a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) in 4 replicates in 4 pots. The seeds were planted in late summer. After six leaflets in (7 cm) seedlings were transferred to pots. Flowers in vases were deployed after (15 to 20 days after transplanting) were treated with gibberellic acid and topping. Spraying was carried out in three stages at intervals of 10 days. Distilled water was used to control plants. The results showed that the use of gibberellic acid combined with a topping treatment at 120 days after spraying increases the amount of chlorophyll index, plant height, length and lateral root volume. The number of open flower, bud and stem diameter had highest performance in the 120 days after spraying the treatment of100 mg/lit of gibberellic acid, respectively. Therefore topping combined with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 200 ppm gibberellic acid increases morphological growth, flowering and chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis to accelerate significantly the African parsley.

Peach is climacteric fruit but relatively ripe is picked up and because of this, it suffers from post-harvest physiological losses. Over the years, the use of fungicides has been used to control the loss of fruits and vegetables and the rest of these fungicides in food has caused consumer pressure and health centers to reduce or not use these chemical compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils has been proven and can be used as a natural ingredient to replace chemical compounds such as fungicides but there are problems with the volatility and change in the natural taste of the fruit due to the direct use. In this study, effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris microencapsulated essential oils on storage life of peach fruits was investigated. Microencapsulated essential oils were prepared using β-cyclodextrin and chitosan as a protective shell for controlling microcapsules release and method of coacervation simple. The treatments were: control (no microencapsulation), two g R. officinalis oil microencapsulated, two g T.vulgaris oil microencapsulated, one g R.officinalis oil microencapsul pluse one g T.vulgaris oil microencapsul. The effect of treatments after an interval of 9 days for 36 days of storage period on physico-chemical properties of friuts were assayed. The results showed a significant delay in the changes of weight loss, titritable acidity, total soluble solids, decaying percentage and firmness in treated peach fruits than the control. The lowest decay incidences also were found in treated fruits. Hence, it could be concluded that postharvest treatment with microencapsulated essential oils has the potential to control decaying incidence, prolong storage life and maintained internal quality of peach fruits. The best treatment in this experiment was the microencapsules of both rosemary and thyme oils. However, the industrial application of this study requires further experiments on the type of essential oil used, the concentration of microcapsules applied, as well as the change in the composition of the microcapsule shell in order to control the longer the release of essential oils and can respond to consumer needs for reducing or eliminating the chemical additive to fruits and vegetables.

In this study, Effect of different culture media on physicochemical characteristics, growth and flowering in Chrysanthemum, in completely randomized experimental design with 7 treatments, 3 replication and each treatment with 3 cutting, a total 63 cutting were conducted. Treatments includ cocopit, perlite, sand and in combination with each other. About three months after planting of cuttings, flower buds formed and sampled and evaluated the desired traits. Physicochemical and enzymatic traits of the plant such as air and root fresh weight, air and root dry weight, plant length, number of flower, anthocyanine of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, proline, protein, superoxide dismutase activity and flower life on plant were evaluated. The results showed that Coco+Sand+Per treatment had the most effect on the improvement of traits such as f air and root fresh weight, air and root dry weight, plant length, proline, flower life on plant and Per+Coco treatment also had the most effect on the improvement of traits such as number of flower, anthocyanine of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves and superoxide dismutase activity. Coco+Sand+Per treatment with 8.2 days was highest and Sand treatment with 4.8 days had the least flower life on plant. Also the correlation between traits showed proline with air and root fresh weight, air and root dry weight, number of flower, protein, superoxide dismutase activity and flower life on plant, had a negaitive and significant at 1% level and with anthocyanine of petals and total chlorophyll of leaves, had a negaitive and significant at 5% level. Number of flower with plant length, anthocyanine of petals and total chlorophyll of leaves, had a positive and significant at 5% level and other traits had a positive and significant at 1% level.