فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال سوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1387)

In this study a total of 49 species (76 sequence accessions) representing 42 species of Gracilaria nd 3 species of Gracilariopsis plus 2 species of Hypnea, 1 species of Sarconema and 1 species of Soleria as outgroups were investigated in a phylogenetic analysis using rbcL and spacer and a l art of rbcS sequences with maximum parsimony method. The study revealed that the Iranian racilaria species appeared in 4 clade (5 species in Gracilaria sensu stricto and 2 species in pontia). On the basis of molecular data,specific identity of Gracilaria corticata, G. arcuata, G. salicornia d G. textorii were confirmed. According to the present phylogenic data, name of “G. armata” is changed to “G. arcuata” and it is necessary to revise the specific identity of G.canaliculata, which has been introduced from Iran.Finally according to these data Gracilaria sp.introduced from Iran is close to G. canaliculata. The uence analysis of four accessions G.corticata showed that they are completely identical in spite of that they are morphologically a little different.

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen which is prescribed for eatment f breast cancer.Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system has been observed. The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the uterus histological change,estradiol and LH concentration in the females Wistar rats. Three group of rats (250 gr range) gavaged with Tamoxifen doses of 200, 400 and 600 μg/kg B.W(exp.1, exp.2, exp.3) dissolved in solvent (ethanol 60 %and hysiological solution) for 30 days. The sham group was gavaged with solvent and control did not receive olvent and drug. On days 1and 30 after the end of treatment, blood hormones such as estradiol and LH concentration were measured with RIA method, also sections of uterus stained with H &E method and were observed histologically. Results of the observation were nalyzed by the NOVA- oneway,Tukey test and using SPSS software determined ±SE the means Result were termed ignificant if P≤0.05.In the first sampling estradiol, LH concentration and the diameter and thickness of uterus layers (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium) were decreased decreased significantly in xperimental groups which received tamoxifen compared with control group (p<0.001).The diameter and thickness of uterus layers (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium). In the second sampling, the estradiol and LH concentration, the diameter and thickness of uterus in perimental groups, increased compared with first sampling. The number of offsprings in experimental groups were less than control litters. These findings suggest that Tamoxifendecreases the fertilization ability and has egative effects on uterus tissue and estradiol and LH concentration steroid hormons in female Wistar rats.Some of negative effects of Tamoxifen on reproduction ability, is abolished with time elapsed.

Genus Glaucium Mill. belongs to Poppy family (Papaveraceae). Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. These plants had vary alkaloid.Resent research pay attention to comparative of alkaloid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenol and leaf area in G. grandiflorum Boiss. & Huet., G.oxylobum Boiss.& Buhse and G. elegans Crantz. Plants were gathered during spring (86- 88) in several places in Iran. Then our study were done. Our results showed that antioxidant compound in shoot are more than root in Glaucium and also leaf area in G. grandiflorum is more than two other species. G. elegans has less leaf area but it has alkaloid and phenolic compound more than other species.

family with a long history of farming in Iran.Fenugreek is reported to be originated from Mediterranean region. It is highly nutritive and edical values have already been established. There exists various masses of this plant in Iran; However,no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. Twenty masses of fenugreek native in Iran have been gathered from different parts of the country to asseys the netic variability of the plant and study their uantitative as well as qualitative features. The llected samples were evaluated using RAPD molecular marker. In this research 60 primers were used. From among these primers, in 20 primers variability were noticed, the bands were seen in a pectrum between 700 bp and 2300 bp. The most amount of similarity was seen between Zanjan and Khash samples. The least amount of similarity on the other hand was seen between Khoram Abad and Borazjan samples. The percentage of olymorphism of sample ranged between %11 and %54 and was %34.2 on the average. The cluster analysis was conducted accordingly and as a result 20 samples of Iranian Fenugreek were divided into 12 groups. The obtained endrograms and groups showed that the applied markers in the research could distinguish the Fenugreek ample properly. Finally the results show that the native samples of Iranian Fenugreek enjoy high diversity regarding the features under study.

Whereas unlimited population increase and its side problems, study on medical herbals is portant in order to decrease productivity. In this study effects of Anethum graveolens seed alcoholic xtract on of serum contraction of gonadotropin and testosterone hormones in adult male rats, as investigated.In this research, 36 wistar rats, weighting 210-230 gr, divided into 3 groups of control, erimental 1 and experimental 2.Experimental groups were injected with 50 mg/rat and 100 mg/rat of coholic extracts of dill seeds for 15 days. The control group received normal saline for the same period. On the 8th and 16th days, blood samples were withdrawn to determine the blood FSH, LH and testosterone hormones concentration. The results were evaluated by using One WayANOVA and Tukey test.The results indicated there is no significant difference in concentration of FSH and LH in serum ompared to the control groups. While concentration of testosterone showed a significant decrease.According to the results, Anethum graveolens seed alcoholic extract, causes reduction of sterone level.

Many species of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) are important rophyte algae in the world.Economic importance of agar in several industries have stimulated a number of biologists to earch for reliable means to identify agarophyte species as source of agar. In this investigation Gracilariaceae in southern coastlines of Iran was studied from 1999 to 2001. Algal samples were collected from intertidal regions of the area and herbarium specimens were prepared. Morphological and anatomical studies carried out on both of herbarium and wet ecimens. 13 species of Gracilaria and one species of Gracilariopsis were recognized from the tudied area. The most species diversity of Gracilaria is in Chabahar coastlines.

Genus Lathyrus belongs to Family (Fabaceae) that has about 160 species annual and perennial in world. This Genus belongs to the Vicieae tribe. In this research anatomicall structure of 14 taxa of Genus Lathyrus have been studied and compared. Anatomicall characters are used in order to comfirmate the morphologicall characters, so tomicall structure of stem and petiole of varius population in each taxon have been studied, specially size of wing in stem or petiole, the number of vascular bundles of stem and petiole, and also their appearance are important anatomicall characters in taxon. In final anatomical study has important role in revision of Lathyrus at sectional level.

Aim/ Plasma Adiponectin concentration is inversely correlated with obesity and rdiovascular disease and cancer risk. The aim of this investigation was to determine the probable relationships of fasting adiponectin level with anthropometric and biochemical variable in 169 women. Amongst the One hundred sixty nine including 169 females participated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study; who were divided into four groups, premenopausal (n= 73, age<40 and n=43, age ≥40); whom had regular menstrual periods, and early postmenopausal (n=25) if they had been postmenopausal for more than >1yr; <7yr,and postmenopausal (n= 28)whom had been in postmenopausal for >7yr. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), HDL-C, HDL-C, riglyceride, total cholesterol and Adiponectin levels and cortisol level were determined. Blood pressure were also measured. Data were compared statistically byANOVA and Mann-Whitney test and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. All data were analyzed using version 15, SPSS. Adiponectin values were higher in middleaged and older postmenopausal women compared with middle age premenpausal women. The adiponectin level was in negatively correlation with adiponectin LDL-C, total cholesterol and waist –tohip ratio, and positive with HDL-C and age.There was no relation between adiponectin and cortisol. Circulating adiponectin concentrations increase with age in women. Menopause tages are associated with notable changes in level of the adiponectin.