فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال چهارم شماره 2 (تابستان 1388)

Diazinon [O, O-Diethyl O-(2-isopropyl 1-6-methyl- 4 Pryimidinyl) Phosphorothioate] is anorganophosphorus pesticide (OPP) that is used as an extensive pesticide more than 40 years inagriculture. It is easily washed into surface waters,enters the ground water and accumulates in soil and living organisms. Eventually affect on ecosystem.Studies on diazinon effects on growth parameters in Aegilops columnaris carried out. Five treatment pots were prepared: 1 (0 diazinon, control), 2 (0.01 diazinon, 1 time exposure), 3 (0.01 diazinon, 2 times exposure), 4 (0.001 diazinon, 1 time exposure) and 5 (0.001 diazinon, 2 times exposure).Ten Aegilops columnaris seeds were treated in each pot. Each treatment had 10 repetitions. After 2 weeks under equal condition in growth chamber all of samples except control were exposured with diazinon and after 3 weeks treatments 3 and 5 received diazinon. Then 16 growth parameters were measured and calculated for all of control and treated plants. Data analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS (significant correlation at 0.05). Results showed although diazinon is effective on pests extinction and protects yield of damage but reduces total dry weight, root length, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in treated diazinon plants in comparison with control. Also Correlations are significant (P<0.05) in total dry weight with root length and chlorophyll with photosynthesis.

electromagnetic fields are different energy,intensity and frequency carriers and their effects very extensive.With new studies the biolological effect of them indicated.In this study, examination of electromagnetic fields effect on plasma corticosteron hormone level was the basic goal. 300 mice exposed for 46days to a 380 and 800 MHz continuous-wave (CW) or pulsed GSM-modulated electromagnetic signal Experiments were performed in a blinded fashion. Samples were col-lected every hour, and corticosteron concentrations were measured by a specific radioimmunoas-say.Corticosteron levels were elevated more in 380microtesla in comparison with control group.Both types of signal nonsignificantly enhanced corticosteron release at 360 and 800 micro tesla and reversed after 46days. Totally, nonsignificant cortisol change with electromagnetic fields ntensity, and time showed.

In order to study the effect of A. flavus mycelia growing on the surface of pistachio kernels inaflatoxin production, one isolate of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus was used in this research.Pistachio kernels of tested cultivars were taken 20gr kernel lots with 3 replications, (completely randomized design) 20gr kernels in replications were surface sterilized and then inoculated with one ml of spore suspension (2×106 spores/ml) of A. flavus. Eight days after noculation,colonized kernels were transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks and shaked vigoursly and then removed mycelia from the surface of kernels, completely. Aflatoxin content of samples was extracted by BF method and estimated by TLC and densitometer. Average of aflatoxin production in washed and nonwashed kernels was compared with t-student test. Theresults of this research indicated a significant difference in aflatoxin B1 production between washed and nonwashed kernels of pistachio cultivars. In other words, washing of mycelia and spores from surface of pistachio kernels could be reduced aflatoxin content of pistachio kernels of different cultivars.

Tolerance to salinity was studied during germination of Brassica napus L., and on two cultivar, Hayola 401 and RGS, of these plants. This study was done in three levels of salt NaCl (75, 100 and 150 mM) and one level gibberellic acid (0.05mM) and one level ascorbic acid (0.2mM). Experiments determine percent and rate of germination were done on three salinity treatments (75, 100 and 150 mM), three salinity in addition gibberellin treatment, three salinity in addition ascorbat treatment and three salinity in addition gibberellin and ascorbat treatment. Control sample was distilled water.Experiments are done in the same situation and three repetitions. Data are analysis by ANOVA and Duncan tests, and comparison the average of data was done with 95% safety index. According results,salt stress decrease percent and rate of germination in both cultivars. Gibberellin treatment was positive effect on salinity at low concentration of salinity.Ascorbat treatment was positive effect on salinity in three levels of salinity too.

Talal fish with generic name "Rastrelliger Kanagurta" is one of the osseous(bony) fishes and also the valuable species in the entire world. Since no studying hadnt been carried out on this fish in iran,in framework of above study, in Iran southern Coasts, the female genus this fish Macroscopic and biometric is investigated. In the annual cycle from (Tir 87-Khordad 88) In each month, 50 fishes Randomly collected (selected) from Persian gulf and oman sea, then We calculated climate thermal and salinity. In female fishes, length and total weight and also liver and ovary weight is measured. GSI and HSI calculated for determination of spawning and vitellogenesis season. Also, figures based on relationship (fish Length and fish weight) and fish weight and ovary weight was drawn. Discussion and HSI and GSI peak in talal fish was from (Tir87 – khordad 88) In temp of 29 centigrade and 37 ppt salinity in ordibehesht, that indicates spawning and vitellogenesis season in spring. Ovary type is possible batch spawner and, fish growth this is isometric. We hope theat this research results, more productivily creat in duplication and breeding the fish by accompanied.

The breeding system of four species V. szovitsianum Boiss., V. cheirantifolium Boiss., V. macrocarpum Lam., and V. mucronatum Lam. were estimated.The number of pollen grains per flower, the number of ovules per flower, and the pollen:ovule ratios in four populations per species (two populations for V.macrocarpum &V. mucronatum) were calculated.Maximum and minimum average pollen grains were found in V. macrocarpum(36750/0 ±4304/5)andV.szovitsianum (251200±24374/9) respectively. The results suggest that all of the studied species have facultative outcrossing and need to pollinators.