فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1389)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1389/02/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Zohreh Jafari, Niloufar Soleymani Page 1
    Recently more attention pharmacological researches have been done on Replacement medical plants instead of chemical drugs، so in this research antimicrobial properties of aquatic and ethanolic extracts (80%) of pineapple، on Staphylococcus. aureus، Bacilluss. anthracis، E. coli، Pseudomonas. aeroginosa، by using streak culture، using routine methods، appling the Muller-Hinton Agar، punch well method and measuring the diameter of inhibitory zone were studied. The aquatic and ethanolic extracts (80%) in 0. 1 g/ml concentration have been showed remarkable antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus. aureus، Bacilluss. anthracis. Although antimicrobial effect of E. coli، Pseudomonas. aeroginosa have been lessthan others. The higher antimicrobial effect on ethanolic extracts (80%) were belong to stem ethanolic extracts with 17 mm diameter of inhibitory zone and then for leaf ethanolic extracts with 18 mm diameter of inhibitory zone. various study have been show that pineapple is full of bromelain، Ca، K،fiber and other vitamins that have made ability for antimicrobial activity -antibiotic effect، antimetastatic effect. The result show that the effect of leaf، stem pineapple extracts seams that because of having higher value of these mentioned materials، have more effects. Among of the results، the best results was for ethanolic leaf extracts on Bacilluss. anthracis. As a result extracts of this plant could be suggested as a potential source for drugs.
  • Nejadali, Mesbah-Namin, Hosein Panah, Hedayati Page 15
    Adiponectin plays an important role in the genetic predisposition to obesity، and insulin resistance. Adiponectin gene has numerous polymorphisms. There is a relationship between polymorphisms of this gene and Adiponectin level as well as obesity. The study was investigated frequency and the relationship between one of the effective polymorphism (-11377C>G) on the Adiponectin level with obesity in women. One hundred eighty subjects participated in this study who were randomly. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)، HDL-C، LDL-C، triglyceride، total cholesterol، adiponectin levels were determined. Genotyping of the polymorphism of the Adiponectin gene (- 11377C>G) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP (HhaI). Data were compared statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test. All data were analyzed using SPSS، version 15. The frequencies of G and C alleles were also 0. 203 and 0. 797 respectively appears to be consistence with Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The women who carried this polymorphism in promoter had lower BMI and LDL-C and more HDL-C and adiponectin of other groups، however، these associations were not significant. The results is not showed significant associations between this polymorphism and obesity. it seems more investigations in other polymorphisms in this gene and increasing samples would be useful to elucidation more accurately of this association.
  • Masoumeh Khosravi Rineh, Mitra Nouri, Akram Ahmadi Page 23
    Euphorbia is one of the largest genera in Euphorbiaceae with more than 2000 species in the world and about 100 species in Iran. In this study seed flavonoids of 13 collected Euphorbia species from different part of Markazi Province were investigated. Aqueous-ethanolic extracts of seeds were examined to practice flavonoid detection، isolation and identification by 2-Dimensional Paper Chromatography (2-DPC)، Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and available references. Voucher specimens of each sample were prepared for reference as herbarium vouchers. Qualitative data were encoded and analyzed with quantitative data by Pricipal Component Analysis (PCA) using the SPSS. Results showed some phytochemical characters such as total number of flavonoids، kaempherol، quercetin، myricetin، flavone and dihydroflavonol glycoside are valuable for chemotaxonomy and their usage.
  • Atefeh Ghanbari, Saeed Hesami Tackallou Page 31
    Conceptualization and standard term selection for concepts are the main aim of science and technology development. Sometimes new concepts are pathfinders for science and starting fundamental revolutions in science. An important era in scientology or scientific studies is the concept and term field، so terminology and its effect on science and technology is one of the most important subjects in the last decade. Standardization in scientific terms is one of the most strong terminology methods. This method breaks down the terms to their meaningful parts and finds the appropriate equivalent for them. These parts are prefixes، suffixes and stems. In biology، terms are mostly originated from Latin stems، so this method could be extremely efficient in biology. The terminology committee of Persian Academy studied the highly frequented prefixes، suffixes and stems to help the standardization of terminology in biology. This research introduces these prefixes، suffixes and stems and their Farsi equivalents. Term selection for these parts is not an obligatory rule، but is a proposal for meeting the researchers need to strength Farsi language as a scientific language.
  • F. Mortazainejad, K. Poursakhi Page 41
    Plants produce thousands of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds as secondary metabolites. They are essential to the physiology of plants. However، the most researches to date on possible health benefits of polyphenols have focused on the flavonoids. The widespread distribution of flavonoids، their variety and their relatively low toxicity compared to other active plant compounds mean that humans use significant quantities in their diet. Flavonoids show anti-allergic، antiinflammatory، anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. The beneficial effects of fruits، vegetables، and tea have been attributed to flavonoid compounds. Flavan-3-ols is a type of flavonoids and one of which is catechin compounds. Catechins exsist in white tea، green tea، black tea، grapes، cocoa، lentils and black-eyed peas. Tea with scientific name Thea sinensis is used in various forms، i. e.، green tea، brown tea، brick tea، black tea and white tea. In Iran black tea is especially consumed. The fresh leaves are packed after processing stages including withering، rolling، fermentation and drying. This research was made to compare epicatechin (a kind of catechins) during the processing stages of Iranian black and green tea. The tea samples were extracted and analyzed by HPLC، using epicatechin standard. Then، comparing the created curve with standard curve، epcatechin in green tea leaves was calculated. The amount of this stuff was measured according to mg/kg of dry weight at each stage. The amount of epicatechin in fresh green leaf was 775، withering step 690، rolling step 606 and fermentation step 540 mg/kg of dry weight. The results of ANOVA showed that epicatechin concentration in the green tea was significantly high، whereas p≥0. 01 among different tea processing stages in Iran، Also means comparison showed that there is a significant difference between stages of fresh، withering، rolling and fermentation so that this matter excessively exists in fresh leaf and the least amount of this matter can be found in fermentation stage.
  • Forough Abbassi, Homa Mahmoodzadeh Akherat, Zahra Naseri Page 47
    Water is one of the most important limited factors affecting crop productions including barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the world and Iran. Due to vital role of photosynthesis on growth and development of plants، the chlorophyll amount of leaves always has been known as a prominent physiological parameter among plant physiologists. Since chemical measuring of leaves chlorophylls is an expensive and time consuming procedure، using of SPAD instrument as an alternative method is cheap and simple، so scientists should pay more attention it than before. However، first of all they should consider the relationship between SPAD number and chlorophyll amount of leaves. In order to study the correlation coefficient between these two parameters in barley (CB 7402 cultivar) under different irrigations، an experiment as a completely randomized design in four replications under greenhouse conditions (25oc and 35% relative humidity) was conducted. Different water potential levels (0، -5، -7 and -12 bar) were induced by weight method on the basis of the amount of water lost each day. For this purpose، at the first، water potential of the soil sample was measured by pressure plate method، and then on the basis of weight of soil in each pot and the studied water potential، amount of water needed for each treatment was calculated. In order to keep the water potential constant، daily application of water was made on the basis of weight of each pot during the experiment (two months). The barley seeds were sown in pots، every day pots conditions were monitored and after appearing the main leaves، every week the SPAD numbers were recorded. After two months، we harvested the leaves which their SPAD numbers were recorded، and the chlorophyll amount of them was measured through chemical procedure (Arnon method). The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. The analyzed results revealed that there was an strong relationship between SPAD number and chlorophyll amount of barley leaves especially under field capacity condition (r = 0. 84); the correlation، however، significantly decreased under lower water potential.
  • Arabiz., Ghorbanli, M Page 59
    In this study the effects of synthetic chelators (HEDTA، EGTA) and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) such as citric acid on Pb solution in soils that artificially contaminated also Pb phytoextraction capability by raddish (Raphanus Sativus L.) were investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete factorial design with three replications. Concentration treatments of lead using PbCl2 were 0 (control)، 50، 100، 600 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1. After plants complete growth، 1. 5، 5 and 6 mMkg-1 soil HEDTA، EGTA and Citric Acid were added per pot، keeping a control without any chelator application. To determine the amount of lead contaminants، soil and plants samples were taken from the pots 10 days after adding chelates and lead concentrations were determined. The results showed that in all treatments the concentration of soluble lead in soil was higher than control. Also، synthetic chelators as compared with LMWOA (Citric Acid) has increased solution remarkably. Among the other chelates HEDTA had significant effects on Pb solution. In current study Pb concentration in shoot and root of Raphanus Sativus were increased significantly after addition of HEDTA as compared with other chelates. In addition، Pb concentration in roots of raddish were higher than those in shoots.
  • Lida Jalali Roudsary, Mahmoud Zokai, Azarnoosh Jafari Page 69
    Environmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the problems we faced it. Pb is one of the pollutant materials for underground and surface water. In recentyears، absorbtion of Pb was demonstrated by hydrophyte plants. The aim of this investigation is to identify، the role of Chara from Charophyta division for decreasing Pb rate of surface water. In order to، four reactors were used for this experiment in which the concentration of Pb. were selected 0. 25، 0. 5، 1، 2 (ppm). Besides، measuring the rate of Pb in water، the plants weight was calculated too. Finally، maximum percent of Pb absorption by Chara was related to water with 0. 25 ppm Pb.