فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

In this research studied effect of palm peat and leaf manure as a replacement of peat moss in production of Spathiphyllum spp. in the form of factorial experiment in the base of completely randomized design with 6 treatmants and 4 replications. Growth indexes and also physical and chemical properties were evaluated. Results showed that media containing 35% peat moss 35% palm peat 30% perlite, 35% peat moss 35% leaf manure 30% perlite and also 35% palm peat 35% leaf manure 30% perlite had highest effect on growth of plant. According to the results, because of easy of availability and lowercost of palm peat than the peat moss, usage of this material in combination with peat moss or leaf manure can be substitute instead of imported media containing 50% peat moss 50% perlite in growth Spathiphyllum plant and other foliage plant in Iran.

Polyamines of aliphatic amine groups are involved in a wide range of biological processes, Polyamines as plant growth regulators in a wide range of developmental processes, including cell division, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, flowering, fruit ripening, root development, delay aging, stable membranes, collection of active radicals and stress tolerance different participate, Putrescine (put), spermine (spm) and spermidine (spd) is the most common polyamines. The study to evaluate the effect of putrescine, spermidine spermine and on some physiological characteristics, morphological and biochemical number of black baccara roses was carried out. Rose Rosa hybrida plant with the scientific name of the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae) is. There are about 107 genera and 3,100 species in this family. Rose Rose family, along with 24 other families are in order. About 70 genera have been identified Rose as edible and medicinal plants. Apple trees, pear, quince, peaches, almonds, cherries and aspiration of food, Cotoneaster and a variety of roses ornamental use. Rose genus of about 140 species, more than 20,000 varieties are the result of hybridization and selection of new species. 95 species of roses Asian origin, originating in North America and the rest of Europe 18 Africa were derived. This study randomized with 7 treatments including spm, spd and put in a concentration of 100 ppm 50 and distilled water as a control with three replicates each of three experimental unit is composed of a total of 63 pots of roses And evaluated traits include flower diameter, stem height, cell membrane stability index, anthocyanins, chlorophyll, proline, protein and plant flower life is over. Duncan's multiple range test results of analysis of variance showed that spermine ppm 100 greatest impact in improving the morphological, physiological, and the results were significant at 1%.

Boron is a micro-nutrient that has important function in some biochemical and physiological processes of plant. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of boric acid (0 as a control, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM in the basic nutrient solution of Hoagland) were evaluated on marigold (Tagetes erecta) in two cultivation beds (soil and hydroponic) that was done in greenhouse. The nutrition solution was used twice a week. The hydroponic culture contained 50 percent sand and 50 percent perlite. In this study, some morphological and physiological traits were evaluated. Increasing the concentration of boric acid in the nutrient solution improved the quantity and quality traits of plants. Moreover, application of boric acid in the hydroponic system had the best operation on marigold plants (Tagetes erecta). The results showed that the use of 2 mM boric acid in the hydroponic system had a significant effect on the root volume (23.60 ml), number of leaves (45.50), flower diameter (8.40 cm), °Brix (3.68), chlorophyll content (5.80 mg g-1 FW) and carotenoid content of petals (3.54 μg g-1 FW). Also, the most of plant height (35.33 cm), number of shoots (12.33), flowers number (7.30) was observed by 2 mM boric acid treatment in the soil cultivation bed. Plants grown in both cultivation beds (soil and hydroponic) with 2 mM boric acid had the most root (0.8 g) and shoot dry weight (9.51). Treatments didn’t have any significant differences on root length, the beginning of reproductive phase and flowering time. Generally, with more scrutiny on the all the data of the results of this study found that the use of the highest level of boric acid in the soil cultivation bed averagely, had the best performance.

Banks and the government should see the feedback of their activities for the proper analysis of results, greater efficiency of available resources and correct and timely allocation of them. The purpose of present research is to analyze the effective factors in the success of short term output enterprises of agricultural sector in Ivan city. Statistical population of research include 150 samples in which 80 samples were projects executives who received their credits from short term output enterprises’ credit of agriculture bank. They were randomly selected by Morgan sample test. The tool of collecting data was questionnaire. Its validity and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. We used SPSS software to analyze the results. Results showed that psychological variables such as risk taking, independence, self confidence, creativity of managers of short term output enterprises, their education degree and initial capital that they enter the enterprise are important factors to predict the success and failure of active and inactive entrepreneurs in short term output enterprises of agricultural sector.

Gerbera is one of the world's most popular flowers to produce cut flowers. Rose as the queen of flowers from ancient times man has been considered. Currently roses and gerbera, the most popular flowers in the world. Traits friendly flowers in global markets are branches of the tall and sturdy with the ability to hold individual flowers, size and color for the flowers to devote to the desired uniformity at harvest flowers, devoid of flowers of pale skin, burns, insect pests and diseases, uniform in size. In this study two levels of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid(100, 200 mg/l-1) were applied in a factorial arrangement, carried out in a complete randomized design on rose and gerbera cut flowers. The recorded traits included relative fresh wight, memberance stability index, SOD activity and vase life. The results showed that 200 mg/l-1 SA treatment increased cut flower vase life with improve relative fresh wight, memberance stability index and SOD activity.

Educational Evaluation is one of the most important plans in any organization that it gives good information in the design and review of the system to the managers. Evaluating the effectiveness of training outcomes leads managers for obtaining a clearer picture of how they and their employees do training activities. This study aimed to assessing the effectiveness of In-service training courses district employees 12 based on Kirkpatrick model in 2015. The population of this research to students participating in the general and specialized courses Winter 2014 formed. The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire that has 5 main sections. The results showed that, staff training courses held in Tehran District 12 has been favorable. The end of each training course, we can use the Patrick model to evaluate the effectiveness training outcome. Because it shows changes in all of the learning levels and so, the managers would be programmed to achieve a higher level.