پژوهشنامه اقتصاد انرژی ایران
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1395)

Despite the high potential of geothermal energy in Iran, only 100 MW of geothermal power will be produced in 2017, Because noticeable amount of subsides have allocated to fossil fuels plants in recent years. This study aims to compare final cost of geothermal electricity with electricity cost of other kinds of prevalent power plants in Iran. The levelized cost method includes investment, operation and maintenance, fuel and pollution costs of each technology which produce electricity. Comparison of final costs of electricity on export price of fules and externalities costs reveals that high capacity factor, independence on fossil fuels and low emission costs, would make geothermal power plants competitive with other power plants in Iran. This study suggests that the liberalization of energy prices has a significant effect on geothermal power development in Iran and could provide the possibility for exporting more natural gas to foreign countries.

These days, achieving an optimal model and defining a comprehensive map for energy supply have become necessary in Iran. Considering a holistic approach and drawing a desired state in the different aspects of sustainability, including technical, economic and environmental criteria, this study introduces an optimal model in order to achieve cost-effective and environment-friendly energy resources under various 100 to 500-year scenarios using a genetic algorithm. Results determined the appropriate portfolio of energy resources in each mentioned period. According to the results, the share of fossil fuels to supply energy is higher than the other resources and the relative impact of financial indicator is more substantial than the environmental indicator in short-run, while this trend is rapidly changing toward renewable energy resources; so that a share of 63 percents of fossil fuels in the 100-year period has changed to the share of 62 percents of renewable energies during the 500-year period. Also estimating the harvest of each of the energy resources from there source capacity over a year showed that, along with increasing the length of various scenarios, the use of renewable and environment-friendly resources is recommended nearly full capacity utilization.

The increasing use of cars in human life caused growth and development, but with the pervasive use of these vehicles, especially for personal use, it caused problems and harmful effects on health, economy and the environment. large parts of these effects are because of the amount and the way of energy consumption. To manage the fuel consumption, especially in the transportation sector, at first, it is necessary to extract the mechanism of consumption forming and then try to improve it. System Dynamics (SD) are the most important tools used in management and analysis and solving major economic issues. In this paper, first, by using Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), structure and variables affecting amounts of gasoline consumption are shown. In the next step validation of the simulation model is analyzed and after model validation, the price elasticity of gasoline demand of Tehran province is computed. This elasticity for short and long-term are -0.092 and 0.129, respectively. Calculated elasticites in this study decreased rather than previous research, these results refer to less proportion of gasoline price to individual incomes and higher need for transportation in Tehran.

Increasing the efficiency of production factors poses as a main part of the overall Iranian resistance economic policies explicitly pointed out at paragraphs 3, 4 and 20. In the meantime, energy efficiency increase has been highly regarded through country's policy makings. Because increasing energy consumption intensity not only leads to waste resources, but also environmental deadlock as well as reduces ecological strength. In this regard, the realization of quantitative and qualitative structure of the knowledge-based economy in the country and the provinces could culminate in energy consumption intensity reduction.
Regarding to cases mentioned above, this study aims to investigate the relationship between selected indicators of knowledge-based economic structure and energy intensity index among provinces of Iran during the period of 2010-2013. Therefore, the econometric models of study stipulated within the framework of panel data and coefficients were estimated by panel GLS estimator. According to the results, variables of Internet penetration rate and intensity of mobile phone subscribers have negatively and positively affected energy intensity index of provinces respectively. Furthermore, intensity of employees with Associate and BA degrees significant and negative affects on energy intensity of provinces. Also, the intensity of employees with Graduate Studies significantly decreases provinces energy intensity but less than the first.

Oil is one of the strategic commodities in any country because it is an important input of production process. According to negative impact of oil price fluctuations on the various sectors of the Iranian economy, stock market performance is an obstacle for investors based on results and performance respectively. So, we need a detailed understanding of oil price changes on the stock index. Determination of oil prices depends on many factors, most of which are beyond the control of the producer of oil. This issue depends on oil revenues affected by fluctuations of oil prices .This paper examines the volatility of oil prices on the Stock Exchange Volatility index using a multivariate GARCH model and employs monthly data for the period May 2001 to March 2016. The stationary test as well as test ARCH, to infer the existence of Arch on the variables, using the approach BEKK volatility in crude oil prices and efficiency regarding the Tehran Stock Exchange Index has been investigated. results of this study show the significant negative relationship between volatility in crude oil prices and volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange Index and There is also a significant negative relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and show that volatility returns Tehran Stock Exchange index exists.

Fiscal regime is one of the main differences between petroleum contracts. Fiscal regimes in oil contracts are divided in two main categories namely Concessionary and Contractual Systems. In contractual systems, the main difference between service and production sharing contracts is the way of compensation of contractor services which could be in cash or in kind. In production sharing contracts the contractor receives a portion of produced oil. One of the main criteria to compare fiscal regimes is government and contractor takes in real values. Comparing the net present value of contractor take shows that PSC could have been more desirable and cost effective in Azadegan, Soroush & Norouz, Forouzan & Esfandyar oil fields than Buy-Back contracts.