فهرست مطالب

Health Promotion Perspectives - Volume:7 Issue: 2, Mar 2017

Health Promotion Perspectives
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Mar 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Vanessa Bland*, Manoj Sharma Pages 52-59
    Background
    African American women are at high risk of acquiring chronic diseases due to sedentary lifestyles. This objective of this article was to perform a narrative systematic review of physical activity interventions among African American women published between 2009 and 2015.
    Methods
    A review of literature in following databases: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health), ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus was performed to locate interventions promoting physical activity among African American women.
    Results
    The search yielded 13 interventions. All the studies were conducted within the United States. It was found that walking coupled with healthy food choices were salient strategies in the interventions. Studies using social support along with healthy diet were found to be more efficacious in fostering physical activity among African American women.
    Conclusion
    Walking, social support and a healthy diet were found to be significant strategies promoting physical activity in African American women. Physical activity for African American women must build on the constructs of healthier food choices and social support.
    Keywords: Exercise, Physical activity, Blacks, African Americans, Women
  • Clarence S. Yah, Ernest Tambo*, Christopher Khayeka, Wandabwa, Jeanne Y. Ngogang Pages 60-65
    Background
    This paper explores telemonitoring approaches as a promising real time and contextual strategy in improving HIV and TB interventions, quality access and uptake, retention, adherence and coverage impact in endemic and epidemic prone-regions.
    Methods
    A scoping review design was applied to synthesize telemonitoring HIV and TB information indexed in peer reviewed journal hubs to identify relevant articles pertaining to telemonitoring as a proxy surrogate method in reinforcing sustainability of HIV/TB prevention and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. The following research indexing hubs were used for the search: Medline, Embase, Global Health, PubMed, MeSH PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar. The articles selected were used to foster evidence of telemonitoring/mhealth diagnosis, treatment of HIV and TB prevention and control approaches.
    Results
    We found telemonitoring approaches as a convenient and sustained proxy-method of HIV and TB risk reduction strategies including early diagnosis and prompt quality clinical outcomes. This has shown to significantly contribute in decreasing health systems/patients cost, long waiting time in clinics, hospital visits, travels and time off/on from work.
    Conclusion
    Telemonitoring/mhealth (electronic phone text/video/materials messaging) adoption, integration, acceptability, access and uptake are crucial in monitoring and improving HIV and TB uptake, retention, adherence and coverage in both local and national interventions programs. Improved integrated HIV and TB telemonitoring sustainability hold great promises in health systems strengthening including patient early centered diagnosis and care delivery, uptake and retention in medications/ services and improvement of patients’ quality of life.
    Keywords: Telemonitoring, Empowerment, HIV, TB, Access, Uptake, Sustained
  • Rasoul Hemmatjo, Majid Motamedzade*, Mohsen Aliabadi, Omid Kalatpour, Maryam Farhadian Pages 66-73
    Background
    Firefighters often perform multiple emergency tasks during firefighting and life-saving operations under unknown and unpredictable conditions in hot and hostile environments. Therefore, this study examined the effect of cooling strategies on attenuating physiological and cognitive function response during simulated firefighting activities in a smoke-diving room.
    Methods
    Each firefighter engaged in four conditions: namely (1) no cooling device; control (NC), (2) cooling gel containing menthol (CG), (3) cool vest (CV), and (4) cooling gel and cool vest (CG). Cooling effects were evaluated by heart rate (HR), temporal temperature (TT), reaction time (RT), and the correct response (CR).
    Results
    In the four experimental conditions, physiological response increased, reaction time improved, and correct response decreased after the activity relative to baseline. HR and TT were significantly lower at the end of the firefighting activity in the CG (147.47 ± 4.8_bpm; 37.88 ± 0.20_○C) and CV (147.53 ± 4.67_bpm; 37.90 ± 0.22_○C) compared with the CG (153.67 ± 4.82_bpm; 38.10 ± 0.22_○C) and NC (154.4 ± 4.91_bpm; 38.11 ± 0.23_○C) conditions. RT and CR were significantly higher at the end of the activity in the CG and CV compared with the CG and NC conditions.
    Conclusion
    It is concluded that strenuous firefighting tasks have a detrimental effect on firefighters’ physiological responses and cognitive function. The findings also revealed that CV was more effective than the CG in attenuating physiological responses and cognitive function during firefighting operations. Furthermore, combining CV with CG provides no additional benefit. It is concluded that cooling the body by the use of CV offered physiological and psychological benefit for firefighters during simulated firefighting activities.
    Keywords: cognitive function, cooling strategies, firefighting, physiological responses, smoke-diving
  • Ovuokerie Addoh, Eveleen Sng, Paul D. Loprinzi* Pages 74-79
    Background
    The purpose of this study was to assess the association between safe sex self-efficacy and safe-sex practice in a Southern college setting.
    Methods
    Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between safe sex self-efficacy in four domains (mechanics, partner disapproval, assertiveness, intoxicants) and safe sex practice (outcome variable).
    Results
    For every 1-unit increase in the composite condom use self-efficacy score, there was an 8% increase in the odds of being beyond the median safe-sex practice score (odds ration [OR]: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). Additionally, for every 1-unit increase in intoxicants self-efficacy score, there was a 31% increase in the odds of being beyond the median safe-sex practice score (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08-1.58).
    Conclusion
    A greater degree of safe-sex self-efficacy is associated with increased odds of safe-sex practice. These findings are informative for the development of targeted approaches to foster safe-sex behavior in Southern US colleges.
    Keywords: Condom use, HIV, Prevention, Sexual health, Southern college
  • Naomi Chisuwa Hayami*, Toshi Haruki Pages 80-87
    Background
    Body-related teasing is known to be linked to body dissatisfaction and dieting behavior in adolescents. However, little is known about it in non-Western countries. This study aims to examine the prevalence of body-related teasing among Japanese adolescents and its connection to weight status, body image, and dieting behavior to consider implications for public health.
    Methods
    The design of this study is a cross-sectional study. An anonymous self-administrated survey was conducted with 1172 junior high school students in Higashi-Osaka City in Osaka Prefecture in Japan. The sampling method was non-random design. The survey items included self-reported height and weight, history and source of teasing, body image perception, and dieting behavior. A chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the associations.
    Results
    A history of teasing was reported by 16.4% of boys and 32.5% of girls (P
    Conclusion
    Body-related teasing has a significant association with body image and dieting behavior in Japanese adolescents. A school-based education should be provided to reduce body-related teasing.
    Keywords: Teasing, Bullying, Body image, Diet, Youth, Japanese
  • Meghan K. Edwards, Paul D. Loprinzi* Pages 88-94
    Background
    No study has experimentally manipulated sedentary behavior and evaluated its effect on life satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a free-living, sedentary behavior-inducing randomized controlled intervention on life satisfaction.
    Methods
    Active, young adults between the ages of 18-35 were recruited and randomly assigned into a sedentary behavior intervention group (n = 26) or a control group (n = 13). The intervention group participants were instructed to eliminate all exercise and restrict daily steps (as measured via pedometry) to 5000 or less per day for one week. The control group was instructed to maintain regular levels of exercise and other physical activity for one week. Both groups completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
    Results
    There was a significant group x time interaction (F = 32.75, P
    Conclusion
    A one-week sedentary behavior-inducing intervention may negatively impact life satisfaction in an active, young adult population. Regular physical activity may be imperative in avoiding negative life satisfaction-related consequences.
    Keywords: Physical activity, Quality of life, Subjective well, being, Randomized control intervention
  • Elnaz Vaghef Mehrabany, Leila Vaghef Mehrabany, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Aziz Homayouni Rad, Karim Issazadeh, Beitullah Alipour* Pages 95-101
    Background
    Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms which may exert hypolipidemic effects through many mechanisms. Lipid profile disturbances are frequently reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus casei on serum lipids of RA women.
    Methods
    In the present parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 RA patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups. They received either a daily capsule containing 108 CFU of L. casei 01, or identical capsules containing maltodextrin, for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at 2 ends of the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Independent-samples t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, and paired t test were used to test between- and within-group differences, respectively.
    Results
    There were no significant between- or within-group differences for demographic and anthropometric parameters, physical activity and dietary intakes, throughout the study. No statistically significant within-group changes were observed for serum lipids in either group; between-group differences were also insignificant by the end of study period (TC: -0.18 [-0.65, 0.29], P = 0.801, HDL-C: -1.66 [-19.28, 15.59], P = 0.663, LDL-C: -2.73 [-19.17, 13.73], P = 0.666, TG: 0.12 [-19.76, 20.00], P = 0.900).
    Conclusion
    Lactobacillus casei 01 could not improve serum lipids in RA patients. Further studies using probiotic foods and different probiotic strains are suggested.
    Keywords: Cholesterol, Lactobacillus casei, Probiotics, Rheumatoid arthritis, Serum lipoproteins
  • Manoj Sharma, Jagdish Khubchandani, Vinayak K. Nahar* Pages 102-105
    Background
    Smoking continues to be a public health problem worldwide. Smoking and tobacco use are associated with cardiovascular diseases that include coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Programs for quitting smoking have played a significant role in reduction of smoking in the United States. The smoking cessation interventions include counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, buproprion therapy, and varenicline therapy. The success rates with each of these approaches vary with clear need for improvement. Moreover, there is a need for a robust theory that can guide smoking cessation counseling interventions and increase the success rates. A fourth generation approach using multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change is introduced in this article for smoking cessation. An approach for developing and evaluating an intervention for smoking cessation is presented along with a measurement tool.
    Methods
    A literature review reifying the MTM of health behavior change for smoking cessation has been presented. An instrument designed to measure constructs of MTM and associated smoking cessation behavior has been developed.
    Results
    The instrument developed is available for validation, reliability and prediction study pertaining to smoking cessation. The intervention is available for testing in a randomized control trial involving smokers.
    Conclusion
    MTM is a robust theory that holds promise for testing and application to smoking cessation.
    Keywords: Smoking, Tobacco use, Multi, theory model, Health behavior change, Intervention, Questionnaire
  • Fatma Pelin Cengiz*, Bengu Cevirgen Cemil, Nazan Emiroglu, Anil Gulsel Bahali, Nahide Onsun Pages 106-108
    Whey protein is a source of protein that was isolated from milk. Whey proteins are composed of higher levels of essential amino acids. The role of diet in acne etiology has been investigated for several years. It was established that milk and milk products can trigger acneiform lesions, and recent evidence supports the role of whey protein supplements in acne. Herein, we report 6 healthy male adolescent patients developing acne located only to the trunk after the consumption of whey protein supplements for faster bodybuilding. This is the first observation which specified the location of acneiform lesions among bodybuilders. In our opinion, a trendy and common health problem is beginning among adolescents in the gyms.
    Keywords: Acne, Adolescent, Protein supplement