نشریه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی
پیاپی 67 (بهار 1398)

Climatic conditions along with other environmental factors are among the most important factors in formation and development of cities and the sustainability of urban life. In fact, cities, urban factors and their performances have always been affected by climatic factors. Cities and climate are two artificial and natural systems that have strong impacts on each other. The consistency levels of vernacular and contemporary textures of Mahshahr city with climatic conditions were examined in this study. The synoptic stations statistics of Mahshahr city in a period of 30 years were used to identify types of climate and evaluate climatic parameters of the study area. Mahoney index was applied in this study to evaluate climate comfort of Mahshahr city. Field surveys were conducted to evaluate and compare vernacular and contemporary textures of the city, ten samples from both textures were selected and evaluated in term of consistency with climatic conditions. Assessments in this study show that the most important climatic parameter in evaluation of vernacular and contemporary textures of this city is temperature. The results also indicate inconsistency of vernacular texture of the city with climatic conditions of that area. The contemporary texture of the city has the most consistency with climatic conditions.

Metropolises are as population and traffic density centers and their consequences are more than other population centers. Various metropolises present different solutions based on their circumstances and characteristics of transportation. The major issue about transportation in metropolises is weakness of strategic plans in order to apply the plans for intelligent transportation system that impresses urban transportation. Management organization of transportation in metropolis of Tabriz presents some solutions sporadically that are not enough to solve traffic problems. The purpose of this study is to present a model to prioritize development strategies for intelligent transportation system in order to cover strategic plan for transportation management. In other words, this paper is concentrated on combination model of prioritize strategies. The procedure of this research is that after literature review, development strategies of intelligent transportation system which is as a result of logic and scientific management model (ANP،QSPM), is prioritized by using strategic approach. For achieving this goal, combination procedure is done and the relationship of different variables to present the real priority of strategies is considered. Finally, findings of this combination procedure are compared by using Spearman rank order correlation. The result of combination procedure and comparing it with Spearman rank order correlation illustrate that strategy entitled “coordination of all organizations to enhance public infrastructure in order to develop intelligent transportation system” in both analysis (QSPM and ANP) is prioritized as a major strategy and other strategies have different priorities.

Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vitality of the deteriorated area and its relationship with the housing selection. This research was carried out by survey method and information was collected through observation, preparing necessary maps and questionnaires and SPSS software was used for analyzing them. The sample size is 365 households out of 7160 household living in deteriorated areas of the city. The research questions are: 1- Is the level of vitality in deteriorated area of Zanjan acceptable? 2- Do citizens like to housing selection in the deteriorated urban area? 3- Is there any relationship between the housing selection and urban vitality in the deteriorated area? Resulting data show that the both vitality and housing selection were moderate and acceptable, and there is a significant positive relationship between vitality and housing selection. The results of the regression analysis show that the variable of vitality indicates the 25% of the variance of housing selection. Therefore, according to this study that was carried out at Deteriorated neighborhoods, increasing vitality causes to increasing dwelling. Thus, the increase in vitality lead to high capacity of deteriorated areas.

Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, economic, and cultural effects and also an indifference to the novel or developing technologies in human’s life, or they could be because of neglecting the leading forces and key factors affecting the facilitation of the resolution of future problems. The goal of this study is to identify the key factors effective on the House price of Tabriz metropolis. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the House price the result of which showed 40 initial effective factors on the House price were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the House price, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software and the result was to identify 12 key factors effective on the House price Tabriz metropolis from the 40 initial effective factors. The results of the study show that 12 key factors are the main and effective actors in determining the house price of Tabriz metropolis.

According to the importance of snowfall in supplying water of different regions especially mountainous areas, accurate estimation of snow water equvallent and changes of its coverage would be effective in agriculture, energy, management of reservoir and flood warnings. In this study runoff orginated from snow melting in ShahrChay basin under the terms of climate change calculated. For this purpose, snow cover for water year of 2012-2013 were extracted in ENVI software by using daily images of Modis satellite.Then, GIS software the physiographic specification of the basin was obtained. In the next step, data of snow cover, meteorological variables and other necessary parameters to SRM model provided as an input of model and run_off from snow melt was simulated. Then output of the 6 models of atmospheric general circulation with title of 3 scenarios nomely A1B , A2 and B1 converted to a downscaleing by using LARS-WG model. By comparing the output of 6 models in the future period to period based on monthly statistical, the best model and scenario for generation of air temperature and precipitation data in the period 2030-2011 were selected. As a result the HADCM3 model under the scenario A1B was used for generation of precipitation and the MPEH5 under scenarios A2 was used for generation of temperature data. In order to estimate the rate of change of runoff orginated from snowmelt rate of change of monthly data of air temperature and precipitation of the base time period as well as future time period under selected model and scenarios was entered to SRM model in simulation time period. Results for all of the scenarios show that runoff orginated from snowmelt in late spring will be reduced. The peak flow appeared earlier in comparison with base time period and its value would be larger than base time period.

Designing a house as the human living space; concerns with different human needs. So, human satisfaction from different aspects of his residential space is very important. Reviewing literature shows housing satisfaction can be evaluated by different physical, social, environmental, management and functional aspects. Considering the role of residential satisfaction in social and economic desirability in communities, the study has tried to evaluate and compare housing satisfaction degree among three communities with different age in Qazvin: Ferdosi, Daneshgah and Poonak communities considering different socio-demographic and physical characters of the residents and their residential spaces. With this aim, 360 residents (120 in each community) were participated in a survey study applying questionnaire technique. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and showed Poonak, new developing community; has the lowest housing satisfaction. Regression analysis also shows significant correlations between house area, number of stories and time as independent variables with housing satisfaction as dependent variable. Additionally, gender and ownership were only two socio-demographic factors which had significantly influenced on housing satisfaction degree. Finally, by evaluation of different dimensions of housing satisfaction including: different physical, social, environment, management and functional dimensions; it can be claimed that satisfaction from physical characters of residential spaces is the most significant element which determine the housing satisfaction degree.

River channel change, bank erosion and bank sedimentation are natural process of alluvial rivers that cause destruction of agricultural lands and destroyed of structures around the river bank. The aim of this research is estimation of bank retrogression rate and bank erosion in Galali river (the reach between Galali and Shirvaneh village) due to assessment of changes and estimation of potential changes in frequency of bank failures (Safety Factor) and sediment load from the river bank in two different scenario and 12 hours and three reaches by BSTEM model. The big floods can be caused bank erosion in this river and this issue is so important because there are some dams have been constructed in downstream of this river so estimation of erosion and sediment load is very important. Results show that total eroded areas in first scenario are 0.244, 0.372 and 0.054 m2 in reaches 1, 2 and 3 and the total eroded areas in second scenario are 0.272, 0.1 and 0.054 in reaches 1, 2 and 3 respectively. According to bank stability and safety factor, all of three cross-sections are unstable in first scenario and safety factor is less that 1 but safety factor increase in second scenario so that safety factor is around 1 in reaches 1 and 2 and in reach 3 is more than 1. Therefore, by protection works on the erodible banks can be reduced the total volume of the sediment load from eroded bank.

The study employs Monte Carlo method for simulation of renting residential units in Mashhad. A total number of 303 rental residential units in Mashhad, including both apartments and houses, were randomly selected from advertisements placed in Khorasan Newspapers during the months of July and August of 2015. In order to simulate the monthly rent price, the rent index was calculated through combining the mortgage and the rent price. In the next step, the relation between the variables of the floor area and that of the number of bedrooms for each unit, in both apartments and houses, was calculated through multivariate regression using SPSS and was coded in XML. The initial model was called using simulation button in SPSS and was simulated using triangular and binominal algorithms. The findings revealed that the average simulated rental index was 19.20 million rials per month. Calculating the sensitivity of rental index to number of bedrooms we found that firstly, 97% of units have three bedrooms, and secondly as the number of bedrooms increases from one to three, for the rent price of less than 7 million rials, the percentage of units having one bedroom decreases from 10% to 0. Contrariwise, for units with the rent price of more than 20 million rials , the percentage of bedrooms increases from 37% to 48%. In the light of these findings, it becomes clear that planning to build rental residential units, overseeing the rent prices, and granting subsidies to rental residential units, for apartments with two bedrooms, present a felicitous policy for regulating residential units in Mashhad.

This research aimed to identify factor influencing on immigration decision among rural people of Zabol County. Descriptive analytical research method based on questionnaire survey was used. The target population includes 26034 of rural households in Zabol County, and using Cochran formula 170 households selected as samples of this research. A questionnaire was used in order to collect data and its face and content validity was verified based on comments from faculty members and local experts and its reliability was confirmed according to calculate Cronbach's alpha for immigration tendency (0.75), urban attractions (0.83) and rural repulsion (0.91). The results of path analysis showed that variables “education” (with path coefficient 0.691) have most impact on final dependent variable immigration tendency. Variables such “income (-0.511)” “destination attraction (0.463)”, “origin repulsion (0.373)”, “land ownership (-0.363)”, “gender for men (0.308)”, “Job situation for employees (-0.274)”, “staying time (-0.240)” and “marriage situation for married person (0.1207)”, “local organization membership (-0.150)”, “immigration of family member (0.093)”, “age (-0.072) and “family member (-0.068) are in next rank.

In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the desirability of pedestrian-orientation in commercial center of Kerman city. The method of research is descriptive-analytic based on the field method (questionnaire). By random sampling, 284 pedestrians and residents in a week and 30 specialists were selected as sample size. Reliability of the data was calculated by Cronbach test at 0/818. For analyzing the data, stepwise regression analysis, Independent sample T2test was used. Also for prioritizing and importance coefficient the criteria, the technique of BWM was used in LINGO software. The results of stepwise regression indicate that the factor of social activity, with the Beta amount of 0/249, has the maximum effect and the factor of safety and security has the/138 minimum effect on walking rate in commercial center of Kerman city. Results from sample T2 test show that in the meaningful level of (0/05) there is not any significant difference in the mean of the evaluation of walkway conditions of Arg district from the viewpoint of walking people (2/28) and authorities( 2/29). And both of the societies have evaluated the walking orientation status of the downtown of Kerman based on qualitative factors of walking in inappropriate and unsecured conditions. The results of BWM technique reveal that safety and security index with the value of 0/169 is placed in the first rank, penetrability and access with the value of 0/147 in the second rank, the structure and the form with the value of 0/1426 in the third place, attractiveness and vitality with the value of 0/1422 in the fourth rank, facilities with the value of 0/138 in the fifth rank, mixed usability with the value of 0.135 in the sixth rank, and finally the criterion of social activity with the value of 0/123 is in the seventh rank.

The realization of health requires a healthy environment and appropriate social, cultural, economic and environmental conditions, so that the understanding of the nature and dimensions of health and its determinants and effects on the one hand, and action to promote it in rural areas on the other hand and in The ultimate relief from the cycle of poverty is undeniable, which can play an important role in the sustainability of rural areas and in improving the health of the villagers. For this purpose, a sample of 140 villagers who were referred to hospitals and health centers of Sabzevar city was selected randomly and available. 100 subjects completed the questionnaire. To identify the effective factors, 33 variables have been discussed in the form of four indicators of effective factors. Correlation method was used to analyze the data and for the internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between rural poverty and referral to the treatment centers of Sabzevar, with a correlation of 0.729 and a significant level (0.000), as well as the results of route analysis, between the variable referring to health centers and other indicators There is a meaningful relationship. The results of this analysis indicate that all of the variable parameters are referred to the hospital with a meaningful relationship.

Urban growth in itself is a rogue character. We need to harness and guide urban development policy is a great responsibility, because on the one hand and, on the other hand led to eliminate troubles and the emergence of rational longevity of buildings of particular abnormalities that prevent physical dimensions .The study area in the city Sardroud research and analytical research method - comparative data and information needed in the form of documentary and field has been prepared. The analysis of the quantitative data relative entropy, Gary coefficient, the Gini coefficient Moran used to measure the results of spatial models - physical indicators of the form in which the unipolar model of random accumulation of urban distribution and is gone and values in 1378 and 1390 contracts respectively: (a relative entropy = 0.85, Ginny = 0.35, Moran = 0.03, Gray = 0.05) and (relative entropy = 0.91, Ginny = 0.36, Moran = 0.01, Gray = 1.99). In total, these values show that the city has gone to the dispersion pattern and causes the loss of farmland and gardens in the city so that the Sardroud in 1378, while the share of orchards and agricultural land was 65.2percent of the land in 1390 to 26.35percent and consequently the spatial and physical structure of the city has changed over time.

Global warming is one of the current and future challenges for humankind which can have an impact on agriculture, transportation, water resources, energy production, architecture, heating and cooling needs of the building, plant phenology, etc. In this research, for the spatio-temporal analysis, the need for cooling day was used from daily data of minimum temperature and maximum temperature of 16 stations in the north east of the Iran during the period of 20 years (1996-2015). First, data matrices were created in the MATLAB software with an S-dimensional array (7035*16), where are the rows, representing time (day) and columns, representing the locations (stations). Finally, it was calculated of cooling degree day per month and plotted spatial mapping in ArcGIS. The results showed that significant and reverse correlation between altitude and latitude with cooling day requirements in all warm months of the year, also according to the need for cooling degree day, the Khorasan area can be divided into six climatic groups. The most need for cooling with more than 500 degrees of day is in the southern and lowlands of the area and the least need for cooling are located in the northern and highlands part. So that the highest percentage of need for cooling day degrees in April and May white %27.5, related to the semi-cold climate group; In June with %24.5; in July %23.7; in august %22.4 and in September whit %22.5, Belongs to the cold climate group. Also, the study of the process of cooling needs suggests that in April most of the stations lack a significant trend, and only stations in the north and south of the region have a declining trajectory. In September, there is also a drop in cooling needs at most stations.

Tourism and sport are considered one of the largest industries in the modern world, one of the most amazing services in the world, called Sports Tourism, and has many people around the world (Ayami Rad, 2010: 52). Sport tourism is considered one of the fastest sectors of tourism and has created a very strong competition among countries due to high incomes. Different countries are considering attracting this kind of tourism considering the type of tourism in the region and providing better facilities. . In this regard, the city of Tabriz is regarded as one of the most important provinces of the country due to its strategic location, such as having common areas with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nakhchivan and Turkey. Climate diversity and topography with different perspectives (mountains, plains and deserts) have made this province one of the most important poles with a high potential for tourism and sport tourism in 2018, as the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in the 9th Conference of Ministers of Tourism of Islamic Countries Selected Tabriz as the Capital of Tourism of the Islamic Countries in 2018. Obtaining this title for the city of Tabriz and the country of Iran provides an opportunity due to the existence of various historical and historical monuments and tourism, as well as various indigenous and local sports and a long history of these sports by introducing these potential fields. Provides development of tourism and sport tourism by expanding national and international interactions. Sports that do not require much facilities and at the lowest cost can be provided by various people (children, youth, adults and even elderly) due to the many attractions that it has in the form of festivals, competitions and sports events, The tourists will attract a lot of sports from different cities, even by creating necessary platforms from different parts of the world to these festivals and competitions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study and analyze the current and future status of local indigenous games in the prosperity of tourism, especially sport tourism. Tabriz city.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of historical and individual nostalgia on the motive of travel and its effect on travel intention. The method of this research is descriptive survey. The research questionnaire was extracted after reviewing the literature and its validity was confirmed by experts. Statistical population of the city was Tehran. Due to the indeterminacy of society, a preliminary study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire among 20 tourists. The sample size was calculated by estimating the sample variance at 95% confidence level (100 people). The distribution questionnaire Of these, 100 responded. The data were analyzed using PLS22 software. The results show that individual nostalgia has no effect on the motivations of traveling to Tehran, but the historical nostalgia affects this motivation. Also, the results showed that the motivation of the trip had a significant impact on the intention to travel Tehran hasn to travel Tehran has

Housing is considered the basic needs of every human being. Several programs by governments in the provision of housing for different groups, especially low-income classes is performed. In recent years, in order to meet the legitimate expectations and customary in the field of housing for low-income groups, the government has adopted the policy of housing construction. Mehr housing project, the biggest national housing plan, which due to its expansion and new projects needs to review the results of this experience, is felt. The aim of this paper is to examine the satisfaction of residents of housing complexes Sham Asbi (Ardabil) is. The study method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was documentary and survey using questionnaires. According to by Morgan table sample size was estimated to be 200. To analyze of data with SPSS software was used. The output of the Chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables employment status and satisfaction. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is an inverse relationship between income and satisfaction. In addition, one-sample t test results testify to the satisfaction Sham Asbi residential area (Ardabil) is less than average and residents of the most physical criteria and the criteria of ownership are least satisfied with.